What are concrete blocks, their technical characteristics and production materials. Technical characteristics of fbs, types, dimensions How much does a reinforced concrete block weigh 240 60

Foundation block brand	Weight, t	Foundation block size, mm
FBS 24-3-6t	0,975	2380x300x580
FBS 24-4-6t	1,3	2380x400x580
FBS 24-5-6t	1,63	2380x500x580
FBS 24-6-6t	1,96	2380x600x580
FBS 12-3-6t	0,49	1180x300x580
FBS 12-4-6t	0,64	1180x400x580
FBS 12-5-6t	0,814	1180x500x580
FBS 12-6-6t	0,98	1180x600x580
FBS 9-3-6t	0,326	880x300x580
FBS 9-4-6t	0,468	880x400x580
FBS 9-5-6t	0,51	880x500x580
FBS 9-6-6t	0,7	880x600x580
FBS 12-4-3t	0,31	1180x400x280
FBS 12-5-3t	0,38	1180x500x280
FBS 12-6-3t	0,46	1180x600x290

Installation of foundation blocks

Foundation blocks are mounted on 3 types of foundation.

Prefabricated strip foundation slabs
These slabs are marked with the FL index and, together with wall blocks, are elements of a prefabricated foundation. Foundation slabs are laid on a flat compacted base with waterproofing.
monolithic
A concrete monolithic cushion with a thickness of at least 300 mm is made on the compacted soil surface with rammed sand or crushed stone. In the case of reinforcement, it performs the function of a stiffening belt. This pillow can be wider than FBS blocks and serve as a strip foundation with broadening.
Crushed-stone-sand base
The foundation blocks are mounted on a compacted layer of sand or gravel 8-10 cm thick. Before installation, the compacted surface is poured with bitumen for the horizontal waterproofing of the block.

FBS are laid on a cement-sand mortar or concrete. Vertical joints are filled with concrete. For more reliable monolithic joints of the FSK, their ends are made with recesses for the installation of concrete locks. For the installation of FBS, a truck crane and a team of 5 people are required. This is for practical reasons, perhaps the technology of the process requires more workers. The fact is that for laying the foundation block, you need to make a voluminous bed of mortar or concrete. Even with a slight removal of the mixture from the installation site, this is hard work. Therefore, while 2 people and a crane are involved in the installation, 3 or more workers perform a layer of mortar or concrete under the next foundation block.

The seams between the blocks are made up to 40 mm wide. To ensure the device of seams, the length and height of the blocks is less than the design one by 20 mm. After assembling the foundation wall and embedding the locks, it is made of coating or gluing materials.

In addition to the assortments of materials for we have.

When choosing a material for building a house, one should focus not only on the cost, but also on the characteristics that determine its quality: weight, density, frost resistance and water absorption.

The weight of any material, including the weight of the foam block 600x300x200, depends on the fillers. Concrete blocks come in various types and have their own characteristics.

The most popular foam block

Concrete blocks are the most diverse building material, having various shapes, sizes and fillers:

Heavy concrete. It is used in fairly large areas for the construction of foundations and plinths. Differs in high durability, maintaining enormous loadings;
Reinforced concrete. The structure has built-in steel rods that provide resistance to compression and expansion under the influence of temperature changes;
Light wall concrete: expanded clay concrete, cinder concrete, cellular concrete. Designed for the construction of walls or their insulation, depending on the size of the fraction of the material.

Foam block is the most demanded form of application of foam concrete, which in turn belongs to a number of light wall cellular concretes of non-autoclave production technology. Production consists in mixing ordinary cement mortar, sand and water with the addition of a foaming agent.

The principle of the composition is bubbles independent of each other in the cement paste.

The material is relevant in the field of construction, and although the weight of a 600x300x200 foam block is more than a brick, its density is much higher, thereby requiring less cement mortar for grouting. It rightfully stands in the line of leading building materials of the XXI century. In terms of thermal insulation properties, it is significantly ahead of brick, concrete, expanded clay, etc.

The advantages of foam blocks are invaluable. They are practically eternal and ageless, have the strength characteristics of a stone.

In addition, no harmful substances are emitted during the service life, and a significantly reduced weight compared to conventional heavy concrete allows saving on foundations.

Standard size

Everyone has their own requirements for the project in construction work, therefore the sizes of foam concrete vary. At the first stage, it is necessary to make an approximate calculation of the required amount, during which not only external walls, but also partitions are taken into account.

In the process of counting, it is also important to calculate the possible loads, this will help to select the material of the required density and strength. Considering all the data, the optimal parameters are chosen, ranging from the size of an ordinary brick to a large-sized slab.

One of the main parameters is the thickness of the product, which is responsible for the ability of the erected wall to withstand maximum loads and its thermal insulation properties.

The classic sizes were once as follows:

200 mm long;
200mm high;
400 mm thick.

However, over time, they ceased to be popular and such a value can be found in the production of slag concrete and expanded clay concrete.

As a rule, the weight of a foam block 600x300x200 with such parameters will be 30% less than conventional expanded clay concrete. For partitions, a thickness of 100 mm is used.

The standard size is due to the specifics of shaping the product in production. The technology is cutting and casting. Regardless of the method, the protrusion of the mold box reaches a height of 60 cm, and after cutting the array, the upper part becomes the side end of the block.

Cutting technology allows you to make any parameters of the material, however, the standard, regulated by GOST is 600x300x200.

Standard weight

The weight of foam concrete directly depends on its density and size, the larger the dimensions and volume of porous cells, expressed as a percentage, the greater the weight.

For each type of foam blocks, there are special calculation tables indicating in sequence the size, density and weight. The basic values are valid under the condition of a total air humidity of 75%.

For specialists, the parameters of building elements made of lightweight porous concrete speak volumes. Depending on the parameters, they are classified into:

Thermal insulation;
Thermal insulation and construction;
Structural.

It should be noted that compliance with the exact geometry is impossible, therefore, weights and dimensions vary from manufacturer to manufacturer.

Depending on the density

The weight of any building material depends on its fillers, which in turn determine the density value. The role of the filler is played by sand and fly ash. The latter is a finely dispersed element, the sand is denser, so its presence in a larger volume determines the overall density of the concrete.

The specific gravity is denoted by the Latin letter D followed by a number indicating the number of kilograms of concrete in one cubic meter.

Lightweight qualities are not the main characteristics for which building materials are valued. Its main goal is to provide maximum thermal insulation, while maintaining the required strength of the entire erected structure.

The higher the specific gravity, the greater the strength and thermal conductivity. And if the ability to resist destruction is not superfluous, then a high coefficient of thermal conductivity reduces the function of the building material to retain heat. Therefore, when choosing, it is necessary to focus on all indicators and seek a compromise.

Often, during construction, foam blocks with a specific gravity of D 600-D 700 are used as a structural and heat-insulating building material.

It can be stated with confidence that the density is an important quantitative characteristic of the structure of lightweight cellular concrete, which determines its technical properties, including the weight of the foam block 600x300x200.

The base, representing the reinforced concrete circuit, is considered not only the most reliable, but also the most versatile, as it is suitable for buildings of any type. There are several technologies for arranging the foundation tape, and in some cases it is advisable to mount not a monolith, but a block structure. The range of ready-made artificial stones is quite large, and it is not a problem to acquire the most suitable samples in terms of weight and size. In this article, we will consider the characteristics, specifics of the application and the estimated cost of reinforced concrete products often used in low-rise construction - FBS 2400x400x600.

Specifications for wall foundation blocks (this is how the abbreviation FBS stands for) are described in detail in GOST No. 13579 of 1978. All such samples are divided into 3 types, depending on the specific application. For solid stones, the designation remains the same - FBS. If they have cutouts (which simplifies the laying of communication lines), then they are marked as FBV. Blocks with voids, characterized by reduced thermal conductivity and lower weight - FBP.

Main characteristics of FBS

Large sample sizes significantly increase the speed of assembly work. For example, building a foundation. If it is made monolithic (filled), then you will have to wait at least 4 weeks (depending on the construction conditions) until the concrete gains the proper strength. To equip a shallow-depth prefabricated tape, you will need only 16 pieces of the largest blocks in this group - FBS 24-6-6. They can be installed in 1 day. The bearing capacity is comparable to structures made of cast monolithic stone.

disadvantages

Given the weight of one element, in the process of laying, special equipment is indispensable.
The need for subsequent sealing of the FBS tape. The joints between the foundation elements are not only “cold bridges”, but also liquid penetration channels.
The high price of the stone. On average, a monolithic tape costs ⅓ cheaper.

Before buying a product, you need to carefully look at its designation, especially at the last position of the marking. This largely depends on the specifics of the application.

1. By type of concrete

In parentheses is the average density of the stone in kg/m3.

T - heavy (2 400).
L - light (1 800).
C - dense silicate (2000).

There are foundation blocks on the market, for the manufacture of which claydite concrete is used. In their marking, in the last position, the symbol “c / b” or “P” (porous) is placed. Their cost and weight are less than those of analogues. For production, concrete grades M100 or M200 are used. In the first case, for example, for a heavy solution, the letter “t” is put in the designation, in the second - “2t”.

2. According to the specifics of the FBS reinforcing frame

Unstressed. The cost of this category is also somewhat lower.
Tense.

As a rule, steel grade A1 (or 111) is used to reinforce specimens 2400x400x600. They are most suitable for the installation of foundations.

Marking features

In the first position the name is FBS. The decoding of the block abbreviation has already been given. Next (from left to right):

length: according to GOST, all sample sizes are expressed not in the usual mm for us (2400x400x600), but in dm, and rounded up. In our case, the true length is 2380, in the notation it is 24. The same applies to the rest of the linear parameters;
width: 400 (4);
height: 580 (6);
type of concrete.

The last position is GOST for products (13579-78). Permissible deviation (error) in dimensions is no more than ± 20 mm.

Scope of application of foundation wall blocks

Arrangement of bases of tape and column type. Mainly for buildings in which a technological floor is provided. In this case, the blocks used for laying the foundation are the walls of the basement. If you need to increase the size of the sole of the support, then it is more advisable to use stones 24-6-6 (the largest of the entire group).
For the construction of unheated industrial buildings (as a rule, FBS 24-6-6).
Construction of artificial barriers, enclosing structures.
Flyovers, ramps that guide heavy equipment parking lots, and the like.

FBS cost

FBS	brand	volume, m3	Weight, kg	Retail price, rub/unit
2400x400x600	T	0,54 – 0,55	1 300 – 1 350	2 090
	L			With
	With			1 780
	P			1 605

*Indicative data for Moscow and the region.

When buying blocks, you must familiarize yourself with the certificate for the products. The production of FBS is possible only in an industrial way, since the technology provides for the mandatory vibrocompression of the solution. It is better not to purchase "handicraft" stones, although they are much cheaper than factory ones.

The design calculation of the foundation considers the weight of the FBS blocks according to the parameters of the permissible load on the base area of the structure under construction. If the bearing capacity of the soil at the construction site turns out to be less than the total weight of the above-ground part + the mass of blocks laid in its supporting part, then you will have to look for another version of the foundation, change the dimensions and weight of the elements, the support area, use combinations of design solutions (for example, pile- grillage type of support). In the estimate, it is also transport and procurement costs, the operation of machines and mechanisms.

How to deal with blocks

Foundation blocks are monolithic concrete parallelepipeds, which are used for mounting vertical walls of a strip base or individual supports for light frame houses, log cabins.

According to their intended purpose, the elements are used for the installation of wall structures of the basement, laying in deep foundations of basements, and are divided into 3 types:

solid;
solid with a cutout (for the possibility of laying jumpers or passing communications);
hollow (FBP with open voids on the underside).

At the side ends of such a product, there are grooves for filling with a binder solution in order to ensure that the blocks are connected in the same row with each other.

On top there are 2 mounting loops for laying with slings with hooks. The total mass of the monolith is reinforced to enhance the bearing capacity (must be indicated in the project).

An example of what FBS blocks look like is shown in this photo:

The material for production is heavy, expanded clay and silicate dense grades of concrete.

In construction, for the installation of reliable foundations, a product line of solid foundation blocks FBS made of heavy concrete is used. Expanded clay concrete FBS (porous fillers from baked clay), blocks of dense silicate concrete, FBV, FBP are described in detail in GOST 13579-78* as materials for building basement walls.

Characteristics

There is no special need to calculate the weight of a standard foundation block - the products are manufactured strictly according to technology in molds of a fixed size from concrete grade M100 or M200. The solution is compacted by obligatory vibrocompression, the resulting blanks are steamed in special chambers for a certain time, therefore they have almost the same density and volume.

Based on such manufacturing conditions, the weight of the foundation blocks of a certain brand contains a reference table:

The brand of the product contains all the necessary information so that you can determine how much the desired foundation block weighs, knowing the weight of 1 m³ of concrete from which it is made.

The abbreviation denoting the brand indicates all dimensions of the FBS in dm.

For example, FBS 24-4-6-t denotes products 240 cm long, 40 cm wide, 60 cm high. The letter designations at the end have the following meaning:

T - heavy concrete on crushed stone;
L - lightweight concrete;
P - expanded clay acts as a filler;
C - silicate solution.

The construction of a foundation from ready-made FBS with the correct design justification, based on the geological conditions of the site, reduces the time of work (in relation to the required period of building the strength of the concrete monolith) and the cost of this part of the building.

Why you need to be able to at least roughly calculate a rational version of the foundation of FBS blocks for your own home, you can hear from an expert in this video:

Calculate yourself

In self-calculation of the number of required blocks, knowledge of geometry is used: it is necessary to divide the total volume of the intended foundation by the volume of 1 selected block. But not everything is so simple - the ground sole must withstand the construction.

Consider the sequence of calculations using the following example:

The weight of the future building (external and internal walls, ceilings, roof, equipment and furniture) will approximately not exceed 12,000 kg.
For the construction of columnar foundation supports, we choose FBS 2-2-4-t. It will take 17 support points with a total area of 6,800 cm² (2 dm x 2 dm x 17 pcs). With a height of 2 blocks, they will need 34 pieces with a total weight of 30 kg x 34 = 1,020 kg.
The total weight of the building with the foundation, respectively, is 13,020 kg. We consider the load per 1 cm² of soil: 13,020 / 6,800 = 1.915 kg / cm².

Solution: if the bearing capacity of the soil at the construction site is 2 kg / cm² and above, then the foundation is chosen correctly, otherwise the total bearing area of the foundation blocks (number of points or grade) will have to be changed upwards.

The fundamental collection, which is guided by the correct laying of the foundation, is SP 22.13330.2011, as well as the updated version of SNiP 2.02.01-83.

In areas with soils that have poor characteristics, the area of distribution of the weight of the house can be increased by creating a special pillow under the FBS. It can be arranged in several ways:

From the sand of the middle fraction, a layer of calculated thickness expanding to the bottom at an angle of 35 ° (on each side) is poured. The depth of the backfill is determined as follows: the blocks have a width of 3 dm, the thickness of the sand is 0.2 m, then the size of the load transfer along the bottom of the pillow for the foundation to be equipped will be 0.63 m.
Skinny reinforced concrete. The sole is made somewhat wider than the block and performs a dual function: it distributes the weight and prevents the overall structure from deforming due to different settling of the elements.
Ready-made concrete products of factory production.

To independently make a solid foundation for the subsequent installation of vertical walls from foundation blocks of less weight in the form of a prefabricated tape will not require a significant increase in the consumption of materials, but will increase the stability and strength of the building foundation during the entire period of its operation.

A sample of the preparation of the sole for laying FBS is visible in this photo.

During the installation process, the blocks are laid on ready-made concrete or self-prepared cement-sand mortar. Vertical joints are also filled with mortar. For laying FBS, you need a truck crane and a team of 5 or more people (slinging and mortar work).

In the practical implementation of calculations, it must be taken into account that the thickness of the seam between the rows of foundation blocks is up to 40 mm. When drafting the length and height of the blocks, for convenience, it is taken more than the actual one by 20 mm, and the joints between the elements are marked with a line.

When choosing a material for the construction of a country house or cottage, it is necessary to be guided not only by its cost, but also by its characteristics. When installing the foundation and walls, it is imperative to take into account the weight of the concrete block, its density, frost resistance and water absorption.

The weight of any material for construction depends on its fillers and, accordingly, density, concrete blocks are made in several types, each of which has its own characteristics and quality.

Knowing the dimensions and weight of 1 m 3 of material, you can calculate the weight of the product. When calculating, first of all, the volume of concrete in the panel and the volume of its voids are calculated. If there are no voids in the block, then the volume of concrete is V = AxBxC, where A, B, C are the sides of the product. For example, if the sides of the block are 39x19x19 cm, then V = 39x19x19 = 14079 cm3 = 14.079 l = 0.014079 m3. We multiply this result by the weight of 1m 3 (for example, take the mass of lightweight concrete equal to 1800 kg) of concrete and get the mass of the concrete block. That is, m \u003d 1800x0.014079 \u003d 25.3422 kg.

When buying products for the foundation and walls, you can always find out their weight from the seller. The weight of wall blocks, depending on the density of concrete, the size and brand of the product, ranges from 6 to 50 kg. Foundation panels can weigh from 250 to 1970 kg.

February 7, 2013

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