How to build a wooden staircase. Staircase to the second floor with your own hands

Modern country country houses are rarely one-story, they mostly have two or three floors, if the building has only one floor, then it is complemented by an attic.

The need to use stairs

In these cases, there is a need for high-quality movement. The most successful solution would be the manufacture of a wooden staircase, with which it will even be possible to ensure the lifting of heavy pieces of furniture or equipment. Carrying out such work cannot be called a simple process, if it is possible to order a project, then experts advise doing just that. However, if you have carpentry skills and are completely confident in your abilities, then you can start making structures yourself.

Components of a wooden staircase

In order to understand how to make stairs yourself, you must first understand the design features of the product and its main parts. Thus, the kosour is a load-bearing beam, which is designed to support the risers and steps from below. It is this element that bears all the load. The manufacture of spiral wooden stairs involves the use of a bowstring, which is necessary to perform a support-bearing function. This element has recesses into which the steps must be inserted with their end part. The bowstring is not as preferred as the kosour, for the reason that it is not able to withstand heavy loads. Even if the staircase is adjacent to the wall, they still try to make it on stringers. Steps are wooden beams, which are composed of treads and risers. The former are horizontal, while the latter are vertical. A person will step on the surface of the tread with his feet. Whereas the riser is a vertical beam located under the step. It encloses the space and supports the structure. Quite often, stairs are made without the use of a riser, in which case the space will remain free, the leg will not rest, however, the design in this case is not so reliable and durable.

For reference

If you will be making wooden stairs for the house, then you should take into account the fact that the steps can be radius, rectangular, which looks very nice. Sometimes they are made rotatable at some angle to replace the dividing platform. If you want your staircase to look attractive, then you should choose railings, which are represented by handrails and balusters. Their size and shape can be completely different. As a rule, these components are made to order in the form that the consumer wishes to see.

If the design of the stairs involves the presence of more than one march, then a support column is used in the manufacture, which is sometimes replaced by pillars in those places where the stairs turn.

Tread Width

Making wooden stairs with your own hands, the drawings of which you can prepare yourself or entrust the work to professionals, provides for the correct determination of the width of the tread. According to the rules, the smallest width of the tread should be 22 centimeters, as for the maximum value, it varies from 37 to 40 centimeters. If this figure turns out to be less, then it will be quite problematic to go down, if more, then the step will go astray.

Design choice

The manufacture of a wooden staircase should begin with the choice of design features of the product. It is important to consider how much free space you have. Aesthetic considerations must be taken into account. Speaking conditionally, all stairs can be divided into mid-flight and spiral, the latter variety is used quite rarely, mainly in cases where free space is extremely limited in the room. Among other things, spiral staircases are of little use. If there is a need to bring heavy furniture, then this will be extremely difficult. It can serve exclusively for the ascent or descent of one person.

What the master needs to know

To carry out manufacturing manipulations, it will be necessary to carry out rather complex calculations, since the support will occur on one pillar, or rather, a support. The manufacture of a wooden staircase can be carried out on the basis of a mid-flight design, which is the most common. The composition includes flights of stairs, steps and platforms, which are separated by a march.

Material preparation

The manufacture of a wooden staircase should begin with the purchase of lumber. For the manufacture of stringers or bowstrings, you will need a bar with a cross section of 50 x 250 millimeters. The minimum width is 150 millimeters, which is true when the design allows.

For the manufacture of the riser, beams should be purchased, the minimum thickness of which should be 25 millimeters, and more massive material can be used. For treads, beams from 30 to 40 millimeters are best suited. The manufacturing technology of wooden stairs provides for compliance with certain rules. Thus, you can order balusters and handrails from the manufacturer or purchase them ready-made. Some experts make them on their own, but it is quite difficult, for this you need to have certain equipment and experience.

Installation of stringers and bowstrings

If you will be manufacturing a wooden staircase, then the beam purchased for the stringers must be cut from the bottom and top so that the desired length of the stairs is obtained. After that, the thickness of one tread should be cut from the bottom, which will be 5 centimeters. When calculating the number of treads, you can not take into account the thickness of the steps. It is not so important for the structure, with the exception of the first step, its height must be increased by the thickness of the tread. Wooden stairs, which you can make yourself, provide for cutting an opening in the stringer for the steps. On the construction square, it is necessary to mark the height of the riser, and after that - the width of the tread, 4 centimeters must be subtracted from this value. Now with a pencil you should transfer the markings to the inner base of the beam. The master should saw off the excess, for which it is best to use a saw or an electric jigsaw. However, if such tools are not available, then a hand saw can be used. If you decide to make a wooden staircase with your own hands, then you need to attach the stringer to the place where the staircase will be located. Its upper edge should rest against the ceiling, and the lower one against the floor of the first floor. Next, you should analyze how horizontally the cuts for the steps are located.

The nuances of the work

Kosourov will need two, however, depending on the loads that the staircase will have to endure, there may be more of them. In this case, you will need to prepare the rest, using the first one as a template. The entire surface must be sanded. If necessary, the outer edges must be processed with a router, making them rounded, so the design will look more aesthetically pleasing.

Above and below the stringers must be connected with a beam to each other. Why should you cut them a quarter from the top and bottom. Fastenings should be made to a thick beam, using If possible, stringers should be fixed to the walls, and anchors will also need to be used. When using a single bowstring, it should be cut in such a way that it acquires the desired length. After inside, you need to make a drink using a cutter, making holes that will become recesses for installing steps. The bowstring is fixed to the surface of the wall with anchors. The master must analyze how correctly the kosour and the bowstring are located on the other side, they must be on the same level, only in this way it will be possible to eliminate the slope of the steps.

Riser and step installation

Wooden stairs, the manufacture, installation of which you can do yourself, require a tight fixation of the stringers, as soon as these manipulations have been carried out, you can proceed with the installation of the riser. To do this, the beam must be sawn into the required number of risers of the required length. These elements should be leveled relative to each other, and then sanded. Fastening should be carried out to the kosour with the help of self-tapping screws, installing them from the front side. After that, the holes can be puttied or hidden with the help of decorative elements. Some experts use special glue for this. When the risers are installed, it will be possible to proceed to the steps. To do this, you need to cut the beam into the number of steps that you need. After that, the blanks are milled. Then these elements are installed on top of the risers and fixed with screws, which are sometimes replaced with self-tapping screws. If you will use the string on one side, the treads will need to be inserted into the groove that is cut into the string. The edge of the step will first need to be smeared, as well as the holes in the bowstring.

The manufacture and installation of wooden stairs can be done by any home craftsman, however, technology should be followed. Balusters should be installed on the steps, and after fixed with a hairpin of 100 mm length, the thickness of the fastener should be 8 millimeters. From above, railings are installed and fixed with self-tapping screws. On this we can assume that the work is completed, it remains only to paint the stairs. This will preserve the wood, emphasizing its natural beauty. Quite often, experts use transparent varnish coatings. So the product will look more natural. If the interior requires the presence of appropriate items, then the staircase will harmoniously fit into the space.

If you have already built a two-story house or are the owner of a two-level apartment, then the topic of constructing a second floor staircase will be of interest to you.

In order to acquire a comfortable and high-quality ladder system, you have only three ways: buy a ready-made structure in a specialized store, order the necessary model from a carpenter, or make a ladder with your own hands.

For those who chose the third option, this article is devoted. In it you will learn a lot of useful information about the staircase design, as well as get acquainted with step-by-step detailed instructions for making stairs in photos and videos.

For owners of a two-level dwelling, the staircase of the second floor is a necessary attribute of the interior

Before you start building stairs with your own hands, you need to decide on the type of construction that will be most suitable for your home.

Types of stairs by design type

We will choose a system from three types:

Let's take a look at each of them a little.

Marching

This type is the easiest to manufacture and therefore, if you decide to make a staircase with your own hands, then this option will be the most suitable for you.

Single-march designs, despite their apparent simplicity, can be beautiful and spectacular.

Marching stairs, in turn, are divided into types:

• single-march;
• two-march;
• multi-march.

Mid-flight stairs are simple and concise, this type is most suitable for DIY

Both the first and second types are considered not difficult to manufacture and are in the greatest demand.

screw

Such stairs are a spiral going up to the second floor. This type saves a lot of room space, but it is labor-intensive in production.

The spiral staircase is original and beautiful, but it is better to entrust its production to professionals.

Combined

These systems combine the two previous types. Their manufacture is the most difficult and therefore not suitable for independent construction.

We make a ladder with our own hands - instructions for making

First, we will determine the material of manufacture and prepare the tool necessary for the job.

Material selection

For the production of a ladder structure, you can choose:

• wood;
• a rock;
• concrete;
• metal;
• plastic.

For the manufacture of stairs, you can use a variety of materials

The most suitable material for self-manufacturing stairs is, of course, natural wood. Its advantages are obvious:

• environmental friendliness and safety;
• non-toxicity;
• ease of processing;
• relatively economical price;
• long service life.

Therefore, for the construction of our stairs, we will choose natural wood. It is best if it is pine wood - spruce, pine. You can also use ash, beech, maple, oak, birch and other species.

Natural wood is the best choice for making stairs with your own hands

So, we have decided on the type of construction being erected - this is a mid-flight staircase. They also chose the easiest to process and environmentally friendly material - natural wood. The next step is to prepare the necessary tool.

Cooking tool

To make a wooden staircase with your own hands, we need:

• Measuring devices - tape measure, ruler, level.
• Electric drill of manual type.
• Hacksaw for woodworking.
• Screwdriver.
• A hammer.
• Electroplaner.
• Sandpaper.

The optimal set of necessary tools

Preparing the basic elements

Before installing the ladder system, it is necessary to prepare the following details:

• Processed boards of the required dimensions (according to the drawing).
• Bars for the production of steps.
• Step boards.
• Bowstrings or stringers (depending on the type of construction).
• Railings, balusters, handrails - these parts can be bought ready-made.
• Fasteners - screws, screws, bolts.

This figure shows in detail all the components of the structure.

The main stages of installation

In order to make a high-quality staircase with your own hands, use the following manufacturing instructions in photos and videos.

Stage 1. Schematic drawing

Let's draw a drawing on which we denote the main elements of the future design.

A detailed drawing showing all the main elements of the staircase is the most important initial stage of production

Stage 2. We perform the necessary calculations

Performing design calculations is probably the most exhausting process, but it still needs to be done. You can do this in a few steps:

• determine the height of the structure - to calculate it, measure the distance from the floor plane of the first level to the floor of the 2nd floor. This will be the length of the march;
• we determine the height of the steps - usually the most optimal height for a person of average height is 17 centimeters;
• we calculate how many steps and risers are needed - for this, we divide the height of the stairs, which we have already measured, by the height of the steps (17 cm);

Before making a ladder, it must be calculated

• tread width - for convenience when walking, the smallest value of this parameter should be 22 cm, and the largest - 40 cm.

The correct calculation of the dimensions of the steps and risers is the key to the comfort of the future design

Stage 3. Making a kosour

We cut the beam prepared for this part to the desired size and cut out the notches of the desired size to install the steps.

In the beam for the kosour, we cut notches of a certain size according to the drawing

Stage 4. Checking the kosour

To do this, we attach it to the place where the stairs will be located, if necessary, we make adjustments to the part.

This diagram shows detailed calculations of the kosour

Stage 5. We fasten the stringers

We attach the stringers and fasten them together to the upper beam using anchor bolts.

We securely fasten the stringers with anchor bolts

Stage 6. Installation of risers

Attaching the risers to the stringer is carried out using self-tapping screws.

At this stage, we are installing risers

Stage 7. Installation of steps

When the risers are mounted, as shown in the photo below, we fix the steps themselves.

We mount the steps with self-tapping screws.

In this photo, an almost finished staircase with fixed parts

Stage 8. We mount balusters and railings

This step is performed using self-tapping screws or hat bolts measuring 100 x 8 mm.

Almost the final stage - we mount balusters and railings

Stage 9. Finishing work

The last stage of work is puttying, painting and varnishing the already installed stairs.

And, finally, we paint our ladder or varnish it

Video instruction: how to make a ladder with your own hands

DIY wooden staircase

For apartments and houses with a second floor, as well as houses with an attic or attic, it is worth making a ladder to climb to the second floor. The simplest and most affordable option that everyone can do is to make a wooden staircase with your own hands.

Step-by-step instruction

1. In order for a wooden staircase to be successfully mounted, you need to calculate its slope, which can be from 25 to 40 degrees.

2. The construction of a wooden staircase involves a preliminary calculation of its steps. Based on the maximum distance between the steps of 19 cm, the number of steps is calculated according to the height of the structure. The width of the tread must be at least 25 cm.

3. The safe installation of wooden stairs requires that they be equipped with railings at least 90 cm high.

4. The site has a video on how to make a wooden staircase with your own hands. You can look at the stages and sequences of work, and make sure that this is not difficult to do. The material used in the instructions in the photo is pine. This tree has a beautiful, spectacular structure and is easy to process. Pine edged boards 400 mm wide and 40 mm thick were used for the bowstring of the stairs.

5. Having marked the places for the installation of treads, cuts with a depth of 10 mm are made using a circular saw according to the templates. With the help of a chisel, an array of boards is selected between the cuts, the finished bowstrings are set to the working position.

Bowstrings are attached to the floor with screws using a screwdriver and galvanized metal corners.

6. From a board with a width of at least 250 mm, steps are cut with a circular saw. The thickness of the steps depends on the width of the span, but not less than 25 mm.

The ends of the steps for a better connection with the bowstring are processed with a grinder.

Connect the steps and the bowstring with wood glue, smearing the ends of the steps and the grooves in the bowstring.

7. The assembly of a wooden staircase in our case requires that it be tightened with galvanized rods with threaded connections at the ends, onto which nuts with wide spacers are screwed.

8. In the above example, which demonstrates the installation of a wooden ladder, the distance from the wall allows you to arrange excellent wooden shelves for things and books that suit the design.

Then the installed shelves are polished.

In addition, it is necessary to install a handrail for security. Having installed the rack, two boards are attached to it with an upper height of at least 90 cm relative to the steps.

9. The material of the handrails and the stairs themselves are processed with sandpaper to prevent chips, hooks and splinters.

The stairs must be treated with special primers from decay and against fire, and then coated with a transparent varnish for parquet.

Materials and tools

In order for a wooden staircase, as in the photo, to be successfully made by hand, you will need the following materials: pine boards 400 and 250 mm wide, 40 to 25 mm thick, 50x50 bars, carpentry glue, varnish and wood primers, galvanized tie rods and self-tapping screws , metal corners. Of the tools you will need: a circular hand saw, a screwdriver, brushes, sandpaper, clamps, chisels, a grinder.

Do-it-yourself wooden staircase - a step-by-step description of the work from "a" to "z"

A wooden staircase with your own hands is made quite simply. However, there are a number of nuances on which the convenience and even safety of movement depends. I will tell you about all the intricacies of building a wooden structure so that you do not make mistakes in the process.

Basic woodworking skills are enough to make a wooden staircase yourself.

All work on the manufacture of stairs can be divided into two main stages:

1. Design;
2. Construction assembly.

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Design

A staircase is a rather complex structure, so it is simply impossible to make it without a detailed project, especially for a beginner. The design process can be broken down into three main steps:

Step 1: Determining the type of structure

All existing types of stairs can be divided into two types:

• Screw. The peculiarity of such structures is that they contain only winders located around the central pillar. It is advisable to use them if there is a minimum of space in the room.
  Keep in mind that such stairs are inconvenient to use, and also quite difficult to manufacture. Therefore, I would not recommend beginners to take on the construction of a spiral staircase;

The spiral staircase is inconvenient to use and difficult to manufacture

• Marching. These stairs have smooth marches (flights of stairs). They are more comfortable and safer to use. However, keep in mind that mid-flight stairs take up more space in the room.

The flight ladder takes up a lot of space, but it is more convenient and safe to use.

Marching stairs, in turn, are divided into several subspecies:

• Single-march. Consist of one straight flight of stairs;
• Rotary with winder steps. They can have several flights of stairs, between which there are turning (winder steps);

Winder steps save space in the room

• Rotary with landings. Flat platforms are installed between the flights of these stairs. Such stairs are more convenient to use, but take up more space in the room;

Ladder with a platform is the most convenient to use

• "Duck step". The peculiarity of these stairs is the paddle-shaped steps, which are installed in pairs in the opposite direction. As a result, only one foot can stand on a step, hence their name.

The duck step ladder can have an angle of inclination over 45 degrees

The type of construction should be chosen depending on the conditions in the room and your requirements. If there is not enough space, you can make a "duck step" staircase, which requires a minimum of floor space on the ground floor. If pensioners or small children live in the house, it is better to sacrifice space, but make a turning staircase with marching platforms.

Stage 2: calculate the stairs

At this stage, you need to decide on such important parameters of the stairs as:

• Number of treads;
• riser height;
• The angle of the stairs;
• March length;
• The area that the stairs will occupy on the first floor.

Optimal staircase parameters, averaged for all ages of households

Any staircase should be comfortable and safe. To do this, when performing calculations, the following rules must be observed:

• Step sizes. The height cannot be made more than 190 mm and less than 160 mm. The width of the tread should not be less than 220 mm and more than 330 mm.
  Keep in mind that all steps must be the same height and width, otherwise the stairs will turn out to be traumatic;
• The number of steps in a flight of stairs. The most comfortable value is 11-15 steps. If there are more of them, it is advisable to divide the flight of stairs with a platform.
  In addition, it is desirable that the march has an odd number of steps, so that a person finishes the descent or ascent with the same foot with which he began moving up the stairs;
• March width. Must be at least 90-100 mm;
• Railing height. At least 90 cm.

Calculation of the number of steps. Before proceeding with the calculation of the stairs, you need to measure the height between floors, as well as the area allocated for the stairs. For example, the height between floors, i.e. the height of the stairs in our case is 3 m.

Before calculating the stairs, measure the height "h" and the allowable span "i"

Now you can start calculating the number of steps and the height of the risers. These two parameters are interrelated.

Since we need an even amount, we will correct the height by dividing the total height by the number of steps - 300/17 = 17.6 cm. In fact, the staircase will have 16 steps, since the last step is the floor of the second floor.

Safe tread options. If your foot size is larger than average, you need to adjust

Tread width calculation. There is a formula for calculating a comfortable ladder - a + b = 470 mm, where:

• a - riser height;
• b - tread width.

From this formula we get the width of the tread 47-17.6 = 29.4. This size is well within the acceptable range.

March length calculation. Now it remains to calculate only the length of the march, i.e. the length of its projection on the floor. To do this, multiply the width of the tread by the number of steps - 29.4x17 = 499.8

Since the stairs will turn out to be quite long, it is advisable to make it rotary, consisting of two marches. In this case, the first flight will have eight steps, including the platform, and the second flight will have nine steps, taking into account the floor of the first floor.

If necessary, you can adjust the parameters of the stairs to the conditions in the room - change the height of the risers and the width of the tread. The main thing is that these parameters remain within the acceptable range.

The length of the stringer is calculated using the Pythagorean theorem

Calculation of the length of the kosour or bowstring. The calculation of the kosour is carried out according to the Pythagorean theorem - the length of the stairs in the square + the height of the stairs in the square = the length of the kosour in the square.

Stage 3: draw up a drawing

Now you need to prepare a drawing according to which you will make the details of the stairs. To do this, first consider the details that the design of a wooden staircase includes:

• Kosour. Bearing beam on which the steps are laid. As a result, the kosour takes on the entire load when moving up the stairs;

Stringers provide the ladder with the greatest strength

• Bowstring. It is also a carrier beam. It differs from the kosour by the absence of cutouts for the steps, as a result of which the treads are connected to the beam by the butt.
  To attach the treads to the bowstring, recesses are milled in it or bars are attached on which the tread is placed;

The bowstring is easier in terms of manufacturing

• Steps. They consist of two elements - tread (horizontal board), riser (vertical board, which is located under the step). I must say that the design of a wooden staircase may not have risers, especially if it is based on bowstrings.

What is the best way to make a ladder - on stringers or bowstrings? The design on bowstrings is faster and easier, since there is no need to make cutouts for the steps, however, the ladder on the stringers is able to withstand a large load.

Making stairs

Consider how a ladder is made of wood with your own hands. This process can be conditionally divided into several stages:

Do-it-yourself wooden staircase - step by step instructions, calculations, photo and video editing

If you plan a wooden staircase with your own hands - step-by-step instructions with photos, videos and installation projects posted on this portal will be an excellent guide in this matter. To prepare for the process, you need to stock up on the necessary tools and materials.

Wooden march between the first and second floor

Materials and parameters

Lumber: board 40 and 25 cm wide, 4 to 2.5 cm thick, beams 5x5 cm, carpentry glue, paints and varnishes, galvanized screed rods, self-tapping screws and corners. Among the equipment used is a hand circular, a screwdriver, brushes, abrasive skin, a clamp, a chisel, a grinder.

For correct placement, the slope of the slope is determined, equal to 25 - 40 gr. The gap between the steps is 19 cm. The width of the tread is 25 cm or more. The height of the handrails is 90 cm. The bowstring of the structure is made on the basis of pine edged boards with parameters 40 cm wide and 4 cm thick.

Wooden ladder installation

Installation of a conventional straight staircase

• Here you can find out the best way to create a wooden staircase with your own hands, a video with step-by-step instructions will allow you to quickly and correctly build a structure:

• The marking of areas for the installation of treads is provided by means of a circular using a template. To do this, cuts are created with a depth of 1 cm. Using a chisel, the mass of wood is removed between the cuts. The finished bowstring is mounted on the workplace.
• The bowstrings are fixed with self-tapping screws to the floor surface. To do this, stock up on a screwdriver and galvanized metal corners.

Solid wood staircase

• Steps are cut out of boards 25 cm wide using a circular. The thickness of the steps is shaved to match the width of the span, not less than 2.5 cm. The end parts are processed with a grinder for more reliable fixation with a bowstring.
• The assembly of steps and bowstrings is carried out with carpentry glue. The end parts of the steps and the grooves in the bowstring are smeared. For the screed, galvanized rods with threaded ends are used. Nuts with wide spacers are screwed on them.
• Two boards are fixed to the installed rack at a level of 90 cm. They will provide the functions of handrails.
• 3.5" steel post.
• Wood massif 1×8.
• Wooden elements 1×12.
• Connectors in the form of racks.
• Supports for handrails.
• Handrails with specified parameters.
• Metal base for steps.
• Welding machine.

Spiral staircase: Materials for manufacturing

Ladder structure made of timber

Step by step installation

In the construction under consideration, the distance between the floors is 3 m. Then the total height is divided by the selected size of the steps and their number is obtained: 300 cm ÷ 18 cm = 16.6 pcs.

The top position will end with step 17 (rounded result). The width of the steps along the inner edge is 10 cm. The calculation of the outer edge begins with determining the outer diameter of the stairs without handrails.

The average rack and 2 steps form a section of 172 cm. To determine the circumference, it is necessary to multiply the diameter of the stairs by 3.14. Then 172 cm x 3.14 = 540 cm. Since 17 steps are to be installed, 210 ÷ 17 = 32 cm. To create an overlap of 2.5 cm, the width of the steps outside is 35 cm.

Pine stairs

support part

The screw device is created using a central metal support and bases for steps. For a central post with a diameter of 20 cm, 400 cm are cut off. Of these, 300 are reserved for 17 steps, 90 cm for the fence at the top and 10 cm protrude for the stock.

The column is marked at the points where steps are planned to be erected, that is, every 17.64 cm. The upper part will be crowned with a thick round plate welded to the column. At the bottom, a square platform is created with a height of 1 cm and parameters of 30 by 30 cm. Gaps are made in each corner of the platform for anchors and fixed to the base.

Board steps

Stair placement

Steps are attached to the central support in the marked areas. Each subsequent step overlaps the previous one by 2.5 cm so that it is possible to fix the supports for the connection. They attach one step to another. This is metal or wood. Then all the bases of the steps are fixed to the central support. Wooden steps are superimposed on the bases. Gaps are made in the places connecting the supports.

Then you can screw 3 railing posts per step so that there is a gap of no more than 10 cm between them. After mounting the posts, you can fix the handrails. When buying material, it is important to observe the ability to form bends in the direction of the stairs.

Hardwood steps

When carrying out decorative processing, it is possible to paste over a metal support with wood materials. Lacquer coatings are used to finish the steps. They are applied over a primed surface.

Attention! Wooden steps are widely used in combination with glass, metal and plastic handrails.

For the installation of structures, adhesive compositions with different types of fasteners are used. However, their device may impose too much load on the product.

Staircase to the second floor with your own hands

The construction of stairs in the house is not an easy process, but doable. The main difficulty lies in calculating the angle of inclination and span parameters, because not only ease of use, but also the durability of the structure depends on this. A solid and beautiful staircase to the second floor with your own hands is an opportunity to test your strength and gain experience for further home improvement.

Staircase to the second floor with your own hands

Selecting the type of construction

First you need to decide on the type of stairs in order to correctly make calculations. The most commonly used stairs in the house are wood, concrete and metal; according to the configuration, they are straight, rotary and screw. There are also combined designs of varying complexity.

Concrete products require a very strong base and a lot of time to manufacture, but at the same time they are the strongest and most durable. The installation of metal structures will not be difficult for those who know how to use welding, and anyone who is familiar with the technology of this process can make a wooden staircase.

A direct flight staircase to the second floor is considered the easiest to install; it consists of a small number of parts, takes up little space, does not require complex calculations. Screw structures are used where there is little free space; they look very elegant, but are not always easy to use. It will be problematic to lift something large and heavy along such steps. Multi-span structures are more difficult to build, but they are ideal for houses where there is a large distance between floors.

simple wooden staircase

A single-flight staircase consists of stringers, railings, treads and risers. The tread is the horizontal part of the step, the riser is the vertical part. Stringers are load-bearing structural elements with special cutouts along the upper edge for fastening steps. Instead of stringers, bowstrings are often used - load-bearing beams with grooves for steps. Riser and railings are optional, but for convenience and safety, it's better to have them.

The height of the stairs is equal to the distance between the floors plus the thickness of the floors. To simplify the calculation of the length of the span and base, you first need to determine the parameters of the steps. If elderly people and children live in the house, the optimal step height is 15 cm, for the rest, a height of 20 cm will be more convenient. It is not recommended to make the riser even higher, as the rise will be too steep and less comfortable.

The main parameters of a single-flight staircase

3000:200=15

With a step width of 25 cm, the length of the base is 15x250=3750 mm.

Manufacturing technology

When the calculations are made, you can begin to manufacture the elements of the stairs. For stringers, very dense hardwood is needed, because they must support not only the weight of the structure, but also people. A template is cut out of thick cardboard, on which the cutouts correspond to the size of the steps, and the slope is equal to the angle of the stairs. At the ends of the stringers, grooves are cut out for attachment to the base and upper floors, after which they are marked according to the template.

Combined wooden staircase on stringers

For further work you will need:

• jigsaw;
• grinder;
• building level;
• anchor bolts;
• drill;
• a hammer.

With an electric jigsaw on the stringers, protrusions are made according to the marking, then they are processed on both sides with a grinder. Holes for fasteners are cut out in the floor beams or metal supports are installed. On the floor of the first floor, along the line of the lower step, a support beam is installed and fixed with anchor bolts. After that, the installation of the stringers is carried out, be sure to check the angle of inclination with the help of a level. At the bottom and at the top, the stringers are fixed with anchor bolts.

The next step is the manufacture of steps. To do this, take dry boards with a thickness of 36 mm; their width should be equal to the width of the steps or be slightly larger. For risers, boards with a thickness of 20 mm or more can be used. The length of the blanks must correspond to the width of the stairs - from 80 cm to 1.2 m.

The kosour has a sawtooth shape

After trimming, each workpiece must be sanded to remove sharp cuts and bumps. The installation process of the steps is very simple: the lower cutouts of the stringers are coated with carpentry glue and the risers are applied, leveling along the edges. Fix them with screws and lay on top of the steps. Glue is needed so that the wooden elements do not creak under load.

Alternately laying all the steps, proceed to the installation of the railing. Railings consist of balusters and handrails; for the manufacture of balusters, a square beam or figured blanks made of wood are used. Balusters are installed either on each step, or through one, depending on the slope and length of the span. Self-tapping screws are used as fasteners, which are often closed with special plugs for beauty. If the staircase to the second floor is located in the center of the room, the railing can be installed on both sides.

Design option for a wooden staircase

The finished structure is polished again and treated with an antiseptic primer. After that, you need to cover the tree with varnish, paint or other composition that does not form a too smooth surface. If the steps are rough, this will increase their safety for the household. The coating is applied in 2 or 3 layers, with each layer being completely dry before applying the next.

Making a straight concrete staircase

In a spacious house with concrete floors on the second floor, you can make a concrete staircase. Most often, two types of structures are mounted in houses - monolithic and combined, in which only the kosour is concrete. The second option looks more attractive and elegant. For the manufacture of a concrete staircase, formwork and a very solid foundation are required.

Making a straight concrete staircase

In the process of work you will need:

• edged board, upholstered with a film, or waterproof plywood;
• durable timber 100x100 mm;
• knitting wire and fittings;
• self-tapping screws;
• concrete solution.

Formwork boards are chosen with a thickness of 3 cm, the thickness of plywood should not be less than 18 mm. All dimensions are calculated in the same way as for a wooden staircase, but the base must be as strong as possible. They start with the formwork assembly: boards or plywood are knocked down according to the drawing, observing the angle of inclination and preventing the formation of cracks.

The finished formwork is installed between floors and fixed with wooden bars. After that, reinforcement is laid out inside the frame, tying the transverse rods with wire. In places where the railings are installed, corks made of wood are fixed, and then the formwork is poured with a ready-made solution. You need to fill the frame immediately, otherwise the solidity of the base will be broken.

Filling the frame of the stairs with concrete

When the concrete sets well, the formwork is removed, and the surface of the steps is periodically moistened to avoid cracking. You can start finishing only after complete drying and hardening of the concrete. For the manufacture of a combined staircase, the kosour is poured in exactly the same way, but the formwork is made much narrower and takes into account the installation of steps.

When the concrete sets well, the formwork is removed.

For finishing a monolithic structure, wood, stone, tile and other materials are used. When cladding, the weight of the material should be taken into account, because tiles and stone put a greater load on the base than wood panels. Any steps can be attached to a concrete kosour, such a base goes especially well with a tree.

Installation of a metal staircase

For the manufacture and installation of a direct metal staircase to the second floor, you will need:

• steel channel No. 10;
• metal corners;
• welding machine;
• sheet iron;
• file and grinder with a nozzle for grinding.

Installation of a metal staircase

The channel is cut into pieces and a frame is assembled from them according to the size of the stairs. Corners are welded to the side faces of the frame at regular intervals equal to the height of the step. All corners should be parallel to each other. To make it easier to install the structure, the steps are welded after mounting and fixing the frame.

The upper ends of the frame are securely fixed with anchor bolts to the ceiling of the second floor, the lower ends are fixed to the floor. Next, sheet metal steps are welded and railings are attached. Upon completion of the assembly, the joints are ground with a nozzle or processed with a file, after which they are coated with an anti-corrosion primer.

Spiral staircase

To make a spiral staircase yourself, you will need:

• steel pipe with a diameter of 50 mm;
• pipe with a diameter of 55 mm;
• wooden slats for the template;
• corners for steps;
• welding machine;
• file;
• primer.

The smaller diameter pipe is the center post, so its length must correspond to the distance between the first and second floors. For greater stability of the structure, it is recommended to concrete the rack at the base, after setting it vertically. A pipe of a larger diameter is cut into cylinders about 25 cm long. The cuts must be made strictly perpendicular, otherwise the steps cannot be aligned horizontally.

It is very important that the cylinders fit tightly on the central tube and do not form backlash. If tight docking does not occur, seal rings will be required.

For the manufacture of steps, it is convenient to use a template from the rails. Wooden slats are glued together so that the corners inserted into the frame form a step of the specified parameters.

Greek spiral staircase with curved glass railing

Each stage is welded to its cylinder and carefully polished. After the manufacture of all the elements, you can begin to assemble the structure. The steps are put on the axial pipe, set the angle and tightly welded to the axis.

The final stage is the fastening of the railing and finishing. Railings may consist of fittings, chrome-plated tubes, thin profile; wrought iron railings look very elegant. All metal surfaces must be sanded and treated with a primer, painted.

Spiral staircase option

Similarly, a spiral staircase to the second floor is assembled from wooden steps. Wood blanks are made in the form of a trapezoid, in the narrow part of which a hole with a diameter of 50 mm is drilled. With the help of special seals, the steps strung on the axis are fixed on the central rack. Next, railings are installed, the tree is primed and painted, decorated with decor.

Anyone who decides to build a house with at least two floors will definitely face the problem of making stairs. You can, of course, buy a ready-made kit, but this is a rather expensive way to solve the problem. The services of professional masters are even more expensive. To get a really decent option, you will have to pay an amount commensurate with the cost of a part of the house. Therefore, most self-taught builders decide to build an interfloor structure on their own.

An inexperienced craftsman should not try to build a complex structure, the manufacture and installation of which is expensive and material-intensive. But a simpler option, for example, a straight wooden staircase without risers will be possible even for an amateur.

Of course, in order for the product to turn out to be of high quality, and the construction was not very expensive, you first need to figure out what types of stairs are and the basic principles of their assembly. And also to purchase materials and tools. And now everything is in order.

Choosing material and design

Wood is considered the easiest material to process. And if you follow the elementary rules, then the ladder will last a very long time.

What kind of wood to use

Beech. There is wood with light grayish or reddish-yellow hues. The tree has a weak structure, mediocre strength and is subject to external factors. For example, beech is sensitive to fluctuations in humidity and even expands at high values. Therefore, beech stairs should be placed inside well-heated rooms. The competitiveness of this variety is explained by the low price;

Spruce. The low cost makes spruce a very popular raw material. The texture of the wood is uniform, has a light color. Spruce is not affected by external factors;

Oak. Solid wood with a beautiful pattern in light yellow. It is believed that solid oak stairs are the strongest and most durable, which, of course, affects the cost: it is one of the highest in the segment;

Larch has a golden or dark yellow tint with light brown streaks. The material is remarkably durable. The breed is resistant to mechanical stress and aging: it is not afraid of rot or moisture. The cost is above average.

Ash It has a light shade and a characteristic fiber structure. Making stairs from this type of wood is a pleasure: ash is easily processed and bent, and strength exceeds oak. The influence of external factors is minimal;

Maple has increased strength, which is due to the absence of pores. Wood does not absorb moisture, which allows you to place products on the street. However, because of this, the processing of wood with protective compounds causes many difficulties. The output is durable, reliable and very expensive stairs made of solid wood.

Preparation of components

We make a list of everything you need. To assemble a wooden staircase, you will need the following parts and assemblies:

• steps; it is possible to choose them in the size that is needed specifically for your project, and thereby simplify our further work, we take a step 1 meter wide;
• galvanized corner for fastening steps;
• self-tapping screws 40 mm;
• string for stairs; since we have one span, we will need 2 pieces, keep in mind that this is the largest part of the structure, so it is better to buy it in the nearest store;
• other components: balusters, handrails, pillars;
• materials for wood processing: varnish and stain.

A set for a wooden marching staircase will cost a relatively small amount, approximately 10 thousand rubles.

Anyone who has the appropriate tools and skills will save a lot by making all the necessary elements on their own. If there are no tools and there is not enough experience, then accessories for stairs can be purchased at any building market.

How to make calculations and drawing

First of all, it is necessary to make a calculation of the stairs - to determine the number of steps and their dimensions. It is equally important to correctly calculate the dimensions of the stairwell. If you want the product to be comfortable and safe, the calculations must be made in the most careful way.

Video: how to calculate a staircase made of wood

To make it easier for you to find all dimensions, use simple drawings. It is very important to have an idea of ​​how the finished product will look like and how it will fit into the interior design. And only after careful design, proceed to construction.

Wooden stairs on bowstrings look very neat due to the fact that the ends of the steps do not look out, but are covered by a supporting element.

Making a wooden staircase with your own hands

The manufacturing technology is quite simple. The most important thing is to fit all the details well to each other so that there are no gaps. Thus, the design will turn out to be rigid and will not creak. The most time-consuming operation is cutting the bowstring. The better the cut is made, the smoother the flight of stairs will turn out.

Making a bowstring

To make a bowstring, you have to sweat a lot. The bowstring is quite massive: 60 by 300 mm in cross section, so it will be difficult to cut it manually. To make even cuts, use the guide bar, which must be pressed against the previously marked saw line, as shown in the photo. With a certain skill and patience, the cuts are quite even. To avoid skewing the steps, the bowstrings should be as uniform as possible. It is recommended that you first make one, and then mark and cut the second one along it. Each stair string is sanded and set in place.

To perform cuts, you should get a sharpened hacksaw with fine teeth, otherwise, there is a chance to hopelessly ruin the bowstring. The cuts that will face the floor can be made with a two-handed saw. Small chips must be carefully sanded. With apparent complexity, it is quite possible to make a bowstring on your own.

Step fixing

The assembly of the stairs begins with the marking of the steps. In accordance with the calculations and the drawing, we outline the places for installing the steps. Be sure to use a level to check the horizontal lines. To avoid mistakes, first mark the place where the steps are attached to one bowstring. Then install the stage and check the level. Only after that mark the step on the other bowstring. It is not worth fixing the steps right away, otherwise, in case of an error, the holes from the self-tapping screws may be in the most noticeable place.

Mark the places for the steps in the manner described above, starting from the bottom and going up to the very top of the flight of stairs. Check if the last step is at the same height as the others. If necessary, make adjustments to the markup. After making sure that the ladder is marked correctly, proceed to attaching the steps to the bowstring.

We mount the corners on the drawn lines with the help of self-tapping screws and install steps on them, which we also fix with self-tapping screws from below. Practice shows that at least 4 self-tapping screws are needed for each metal corner for a step. And in order for the staircase to never creak, it is better to increase their number. So we made a flight of stairs.

We install the railing

To properly install the railing, you need to take seriously the process of preparing the balusters. They must be sawn off at exactly the same angle, which is quite difficult to do manually, because there are already 12 of them. There is a high probability of error. Therefore, you should use a special machine that is able to cut a beam of small thickness at a given angle.

As an alternative, you can buy a set of ready-made stainless steel railings, the installation of which is extremely simple and comes down to assembling the prepared parts.

We fasten the pole to the floor with hardware. This is quite enough, but if you want, you can additionally screw it to the bowstring. A groove is first made in the column, into which the end of the bowstring is inserted.

The question often arises of how to properly install the balusters on the bowstring and attach the wooden handrail. As a rule, dowels are used for this, which are coated with glue. It is also possible to cut steel rods with a diameter of 5 mm and a length of at least 8 cm from ordinary nails. The effect will be the same.

In the bowstring, balusters (on both sides) and in the handrail, it is necessary to drill recesses with a diameter slightly smaller than the diameter of the rods. Then the structure is mounted on pins and fixed with self-tapping screws.

The next stage of installation is the installation of handrails. Attach the lower end to a pole, the upper end to a wall or again to a pole. Remember that the main load falls on these places, so you need to fix it soundly.

We can say that the work ends here. It remains only to apply a protective coating. depends on several factors, such as the location of the product, its purpose, patency and other performance characteristics.

• In conclusion, it must be added that wooden stairs for the house, first of all, should be comfortable. The most comfortable is the height of the step up to 22 cm, the depth is not less than 25 cm, but not more than 40 cm. These dimensions must be selected so that the upper step coincides in level with the floor of the second floor;
• If a flight of stairs ends with a door, then a platform must be provided, the width of which is sufficient so that this door can be freely opened;
• Even for the sake of saving space, one should not make the flight of stairs too steep, because, first of all, the structures must be safe.

When building a house of at least 2 floors, you definitely need to think about the stairs in it. And if the house will be built with your own hands, it is logical to do the stairs as well.

Various photos of stairs help to make a preliminary choice and clearly understand what type of lift you need. But before undertaking work, carefully calculate the future design for strength and dimensions, this will save time and money, because incorrect calculations (or lack thereof) will lead to numerous alterations of the original project.

Stair types

There are a large number of different options for flights of stairs. They differ in the material of manufacture (wood, concrete or metal), the type of rise (sloping stairs, spiral, with a turn by a certain degree).

The most common is a ladder made of wood. Also often construct a staircase with a turn of 90 degrees. It is not uncommon for these two types of lifting device to be combined into one.

In case of limited space, a spiral staircase is made of metal. The screw type of lifting saves space, and the manufacture of metal increases the strength of the structure. Concrete is used for stairs in massive buildings (for example, mansions).

What to look out for

In a low-rise building, having no construction experience, it is better to order a modular staircase, a kind of designer, where all the details are sawn and numbered, and you just have to assemble them using the instructions. These are usually made of wooden stairs.

When building a staircase made of concrete, in addition to pouring the frame, you will need to perform an external finish (beautiful stone or wood materials). It's a double waste of time and money. However, for cottages of 3 or more floors, they are mandatory according to fire safety requirements.

When making a staircase for the first time, you do not need to aim at a complex structure right away. The simpler the model, the more likely it is that you will be able to successfully build this lifting device on the first attempt.

Pay attention to the angle of inclination of the stairs: if it is more than 45 degrees, the ladder will be considered attached, and you can only go down it backwards. The optimal angle of elevation is considered to be 37 degrees.

Wood as a material for construction is preferable, as it allows, thanks to its properties, to correct minor construction flaws that have arisen due to inaccurate calculations and inexperience of the contractor.

Also, after construction, the building may settle due to loose soil, as a result, the staircase can become several centimeters higher or lower than the floor, and it is easier to fix this in a wooden structure.

When constructing a lift with a turn towards it, the distance between the spans must be at least 100 mm.

Stages of construction

Answering the question of how to make a staircase to the second floor with your own hands, there are several stages of construction.

The first stage of any structure, whether it is a staircase to a house or an interfloor staircase, is the creation of a project. Particular attention should be paid to the safety of the building and its ease of use.

The structure must withstand the average weight of an ordinary person with a fair margin. Be sure to use railings!

If they are not available, another fence must be designed to ensure the safety of descent and ascent.

Consider creating a wooden staircase with stringers

After you have designed your building, you need to prepare the materials. In our case, choose boards of suitable thickness and length, prepare balusters with railings and prepare stringers. This will be the second stage of construction.

As a material for stringers, a pine board 4 cm thick is suitable. On it, we mark the steps according to the pattern and cut them out with an electric jigsaw.

Note!

We use the resulting product as a model for the second (and if the width of the stairs is more than a meter, then the third) kosour. We cut the required number of steps in size.

The third step is to assemble all the parts together. First of all, the stringers are installed in their places of permanent placement. Then, with the help of self-tapping screws, the steps are attached to the stringers.

Then, using studs, they put balusters on the steps, and handrails are attached to them. The stairs are ready!

DIY staircase photo

Note!

To decorate the house with a beautiful wooden staircase, it is not necessary to spend a lot of money on it. If you like crafting, you can make it yourself. Next, we will describe in detail how to build a wooden staircase at home.

Before you build a wooden staircase with your own hands, we determine the type of its construction.

All existing stairs are divided into two main types:

1. screw- have steps located around the axis;
2. marching- the design consists of even steps forming a straight march.

It is not worth it for a beginner to take on the construction of a wooden spiral staircase, since it is quite difficult to make it. In addition, they look interesting, but at the same time very inconvenient to use.

It is more expedient to make a marching structure. Depending on the nuances of the device, it is divided into several subspecies:

• Single-march- are the simplest designs, as they do not have a landing;

• two-march- the design contains two marches, between which there is a landing or turning steps.

Two-flight stairs, depending on the location of the mershey relative to each other, are also divided into several subspecies:

• Straight lines - both marches are located along a straight line;
• L-shaped - marches are located at right angles;
• U-shaped - the angle between the marches is 180 degrees.

I must say that there are still multi-march structures, but in private construction they are used extremely rarely, since they are not necessary. As for the choice of form, then be guided by the size of the room and its features.

In some cases, it is advisable to install an L-shaped structure, placing it along the walls, while in others, in order to save space, it is better to place the marches at an angle of 180 degrees.

Construction technology

So, we figured out the types of structures, now we are building wooden stairs with our own hands.

Let's break the whole process down into five steps:

1. Design;
2. Preparation of materials
3. Assembly and installation of the structure;
4. Finishing.

Design

Before you build a wooden staircase to the second floor, so that it is not traumatic.

The following lists all the basic requirements that must be taken into account when calculating:

• We make all steps with the same parameters. Since when moving along them, a person’s muscle memory works, so steps of different depths or heights will make the stairs extremely traumatic;
• The dimensions of the steps are selected taking into account the step of a person. Therefore, the main parameters must be within certain limits:
  1. height - 140-250 mm;
  2. depth - 250-330;
• Avoid long marches - if the design contains more than 14-15 steps, it is advisable to break it into two marches;

• Do not save space due to the angle of inclination. A march with an angle of more than 45 degrees is inconvenient to use, which means it is traumatic.

When starting calculations, measure the parameters of the room, namely, the height of the ceiling and the area allotted for the structure. For example, the height is 2.8 meters. This value is the starting point from which we start the calculation.

To begin with, we find out how many steps are needed, for this we take an arbitrary optimal step height - 18 cm. Now we divide the height of the structure by the height of the step - 280/18 = 15.55 pcs.

Since the quantity cannot be fractional, we will correct the height - 260/16 = 17.5 cm, i.e. we have 16 steps 17.5 cm high. Please note that there will be no last step, instead we have a floor on the second floor.

We will divide the structure into two marches of 8 steps. In fact, each march will have 7 steps + landing or floor.

Now we calculate the depth of the steps using the formula - 2b + c = a, where:

• a - the length of a person's step, which is in the range of 60-64 cm;
• b - height, in our case is 17.5 cm;
• c - desired depth.

From this formula we find the desired depth of 62-35 \u003d 27 cm. This value fully complies with the above requirements.

Knowing the depth of the step, we calculate the length of the march, i.e. the projections of each march onto the floor are 27x7 = 189 cm. We will make the width of the march 1 m, so that it is convenient for one person to descend or climb along it. As for the landing, it must also have a depth of at least 1 m.

If the design turned out to be too large, i.e. does not fit in the area allotted for it, the main parameters can be corrected, i.e. increase the height of the steps and reduce their depth, but within the allowable values.

• a - march length;
• b - march height
• c - the desired length of the beams.

Now that we have figured out the calculations, we need to decide on the design and prepare a drawing, according to which the construction of a wooden staircase will be carried out.

Note! The basis of the march is the beam. It can be flat or with cutouts for steps. The first is called a bowstring, and the second is called a kosour.

Next, we will consider how to build wooden stairs on two stringers, since they are more durable and, moreover, look more attractive, however, they are made somewhat more complicated. In addition to the steps, the stairs will have risers that hide the space between the steps.

Note! If the width of the march exceeds one meter, the number of beams must be increased. So for a two-meter march you will need at least three stringers.

As for the landing, it is a simple structure on four pillars, which is sheathed on top with boards. Also, the stairs must have a fence. In our case, this will be a handrail mounted on racks (balusters).

Advice! Having decided on the nuances of the design, draw it on paper and indicate the dimensions of all the details.

Preparation of materials

Building a wooden staircase with your own hands requires the following lumber:

• "Sorokovka" 300 mm wide for beams;
• Board 3x30 cm for steps;
• Boards 2x20 cm for risers;
• Beam 100x100 for platform racks;
• Paintwork.

For fencing, if you do not have a lathe, it is more advisable to purchase ready-made balusters. The price for them starts from 200 rubles.

A set of tools will require a standard:

• Hacksaw or jigsaw;
• Chisel and hammer, it is desirable to have a milling cutter;
• Electric drill;
• Roulette and pencil;
• Screwdriver.

Advice! To install the structure, you will need a wooden construction ladder. If you do not have such a ladder, it is not difficult to make it. To do this, take two beams or two boards, and fasten the jumpers between them with nails or screws. As a result, the ladder will learn.

Of course, more convenient to use wooden stairs construction type "ladder". They are made quite simply - for this you need two ladders, the ends of which are connected by metal axes in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe upper edge.

To fix the ladder, you can make jumpers from wooden planks with hooks. Their task will be to withstand the spacer load, preventing the ladder from “parting”.

Manufacturing and installation

So, our goal is durable and beautiful wooden stairs - see how to build them below:

Illustrations	Actions
	We start by marking the beam according to the project. We draw lines of steps and risers. The angle between them should be 90 degrees. We draw the lines of steps at an angle equal to the slope of the stairs, so that after installing the beams, the cutouts are horizontal. Note! The length of the cutout under the steps should be 5 mm shorter than the depth of the step, which will allow for a slight overhang.
	We cut the beams according to the markings with a hacksaw or electric jigsaw.
	We cut the stairs and risers from the boards.
	Installing platform stands. To do this, we attach glasses to the floor under the beam with anchors or self-tapping screws, after which we insert supports into them. We connect all racks with jumpers.
	We mark the location of the beams on the racks.
	We install the beams of the first march. We fasten to the supports with self-tapping screws and strengthen with self-tapping screws. If there is a milling cutter, we make a groove in the rack, and we mill a spike in the beam, for a more rigid and reliable fit.
	Then we install the beams of the second march. We fasten them to the floor and racks of the site. We use corners for this, as shown in the photo. Note! Beam cutouts must be in the same horizontal plane.
	Now we sheathe the beams with boards. We fasten the steps and risers with screws so that their hats are slightly deepened. Be sure to pre-drill holes for the screws.

Advice! During construction, it is desirable to glue wooden stairs. To do this, you can use ordinary carpentry or, for example, epoxy glue. As a result, the structure will not creak and will be more rigid.

This completes the bulk of the work. Now it remains to install the fence and finish the stairs.

Fencing installation

Now we will make a wooden staircase railing - the construction of this structure is carried out as follows:

Illustrations	Actions
	To install the balusters, in each step we drill holes according to the diameter of the dowels, and paste the dowels into them. All of them should be located on the same line so that the fence is neat.
	At the end of the balusters, we drill holes for the dowels and also lubricate with glue.
	We string the posts on the dowels and leave for a while until the glue dries.
	We cut off the tops of the balusters so that the handrail is parallel to the march. To do this, you can fix a board or timber on them with clamps, as shown in the photo.
	We fasten the handrail to the balusters in a hidden way. To do this, screw the screws at an angle from below. We pre-drill holes so that the balusters or handrails do not crack.

Finishing

In order for you to get beautiful and durable wooden stairs, complete the construction with a quality finish. It is performed as follows:

Illustrations	Actions
	We start finishing with an inspection of the structure. All existing flaws, such as cracks or chips, are covered with putty to match the color of the tree.
	Then we go over the surface with a fine sandpaper or grinder.
	We get rid of dust on the surface of the product, for example, with a vacuum cleaner.
	We cover the product with varnish using a paint brush. Let's start with the fence. Then varnish the march. After the varnish has hardened, repeat the work at least once.

Note! If you use a water-dispersion varnish, after the first layer has hardened, it must be sanded, as water lifts the wood fibers. If this is not done, the surface will be rough.

That's the whole step-by-step instruction for building wooden stairs.

Conclusion

Now you know how a do-it-yourself building staircase made of wood is designed and assembled. The most important thing is to work carefully and carefully, and then making a ladder will not cause you any difficulties, even if you have little experience working with wood. The attached video in this article will give more information.