How to make a fountain from a dropper in physics. What does it cost to build a fountain (Heron's fountain)

You can easily make three spectacular fountains.

The first is a bottle - with a tube inserted into the cork. You can, for example, take a glass tube with which letters are written. Such tubes are sold in sets in stationery stores. Or you can take an ordinary pharmacy pipette. Only her glass tube is too short. Therefore, it is better to leave the rubber bag, cutting off its bottom with scissors.

Burn a hole in the cork with a hot nail and insert the tube into it very tightly. If it turns out rather weak, fill the gap with wax or var. Find a small bottle with a cork that fits snugly. Fill this bottle almost to the neck with water, lightly tinted with ink, and plug it with a cork.

The water in the bottle is at atmospheric pressure. Outside pressure is the same. How to make the fountain score? There are two ways to do this. The first is to reduce the pressure outside. From your experience with the coin, you already know how it's done.

Place the bottle on a small plate. Pour some water into this plate and lay out the sheets of blotting paper. Take a three-liter glass jar and hold it upside down over a burning candle, over a stove or electric stove. Let it warm up well, let it fill with hot air.

Ready? Put it upside down on a plate, the edges on a blotting paper. The bottle is now covered. The air in the jar will begin to cool, the water from the plate will be absorbed. Soon it will all go under the bank. Hey, watch out, now the air will slip under the edges! But we did not put a blotter in vain. Press firmly on the bottom of the jar, it will press the wet sheets, and the air will not slip through. The fountain will beat!

The fountain can be activated in another way. The air in the bottle must be compressed! Take the upper end of the tube into your mouth and blow in as much air as you can. Bubbles will escape from the lower end of the tube.

Now let go. See how beautifully our fountain beat! Too bad it doesn't last long. This is because the supply of compressed air runs out quickly. To make the fountain work longer, you need to pour a little water into the bottle. All the same, it will be enough for the fountain to work, and more air will enter the bottle. And you don't need to color the water with ink. After all, this fountain will not beat under a glass jar, it will be clearly visible even without ink. And here you have to take the tube in your mouth.

The third fountain is similar to the second. Increased pressure is created inside the bottle. Only not by blowing air, but in a different way, which you already know. Put a few pieces of chalk in a bottle and fill it three-quarters full with vinegar. Quickly cork it with a cork with a straw and put it in a sink or large basin so that the vinegar does not get where it should not. Indeed, carbon dioxide will begin to be released in the bottle, and under its pressure, an vinegar fountain will clog from the tube!

Poptsov Egor, Maksimov Alexey

This educational project was presented at the First School Scientific and Practical Conference and delighted all students. because the working model of the fountain, made by the hands of children and parents, delighted everyone throughout the conference. In this paper, you will get acquainted with the basics of designing simple inventions with a minimum of knowledge in physics.

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Creative project "Fountains" Completed by: Poptsov Egor Maksimov Alexey, 7 "A" class Physics teacher: Bukhalova M.N.

Project goals: To get acquainted with the principle of the fountain. Using the properties of communicating vessels, construct a fountain model.

Project Objectives: To study the physical basis of the fountain's operation To construct a fountain with your own hands

The first stage of the project: information. They say there are three things that you can look at endlessly - fire, water and stars. The air near the reservoir is always clean, fresh and cool. And it is not in vain that they say that water “cleanses”, “washes”, not only the body, but also the soul.

The history of fountains begins in Ancient Greece and continues in Ancient Rome. Fountains were also used in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. Proof of this is the drawings on ancient tombstones. Fountains were originally used to water gardens and plants. According to Eastern canons, the garden was supposed to reflect four substances: water, plants, flowers and music. Story

Thus, already in ancient times, people thought about how to create artificial reservoirs, they were especially interested in the riddle of running water. The word fountain is of Latin-Italian origin, it comes from the Latin “fontis”, which translates as “source”. In terms of meaning, this means a stream of water beating upwards or flowing out of a pipe under pressure.

Natural Known naturally formed fountains called geysers (Yellowstone Park) Man-made A man-made fountain is a gushing oil well. Batteries from many hot water fountains are used to cool it in thermal power plants. Decorative In everyday life, a specific hydraulic structure, which usually performs a decorative function, is called a fountain. Types of fountains

There are water fountains of natural origin - springs spouting with jets.

In nature, there are giant fountains of hot water and steam. They are called geysers. They can often be found near volcanoes.

From an architectural point of view, a fountain is a structure that serves as a base or fence for jets of water flowing up and flowing down. Fountains were originally built as a public source of drinking water. Later, the combination of green spaces, moving water from fountains and architectural compositions became one of the means of creating unique artistic and figurative solutions in modern architecture.

A modern city cannot be imagined without a fountain. Light and music fountain in the city park of Almetyevsk. Light-dynamic fountain on the square near the recreation center "Neftche" in Almetyevsk (reconstruction).

Fountain in the park of Leninogorsk. The upper bowl of the fountain composition of the sanatorium "YAN" of the Almetyevsk region of the Republic of Tatarstan.

Communicating Vessels Vessels that have a message or a common bottom between them are called communicating vessels. In life, such vessels are often found. Various kettles, watering cans, water-gauge glasses for steam boilers, a tube bent at the knee are all examples of communicating vessels.

The free surfaces of a fluid at rest in communicating vessels of any shape are at the same level. Water poured into a watering can, into a teapot, also fills the spout of these vessels, because columns of the same liquid of the same height produce the same pressure. If the liquid in the communicating vessels is at different levels, then the so-called liquid pressure is created. Head is the pressure produced by the weight of a column of liquid with a height equal to the difference in levels. Under the action of this pressure, the liquid, if the clamp is removed, will flow into the vessel where its level is lower until the levels are equal. Natural pressure has water falling from a height, for example, in mountain rivers, near a dam. The higher the dam, the greater the pressure of the water raised by this dam. In engineering, the difference in water levels in communicating vessels is often called the pressure of water.

What is the use of them? The Perfect Fountain is your first step to a new level of relaxation and awareness. Your goal is to achieve a higher sense of peace, calmness and serenity. There are many fountains that can relieve you of stress. Relaxation and stress relief.

Landscaping and decor. The fountain can become a bright center, attracting the eyes of people to itself and increasing the beauty of any room. It serves as a functional decorative piece that can be enjoyed while contemplating and listening at the same time. Fountains are often placed in gardens, foyers, offices, waiting rooms, lobbies, living rooms and bedrooms.

Device The device of the fountain is based on the principle of communicating vessels known to us from physics. Water is collected in a container located above the fountain pool. In this case, the water pressure at the outlet of the fountain will be equal to the difference in water heights H1. H1 Accordingly, the greater the difference between these heights, the stronger the pressure and the higher the fountain jet hits. The diameter of the outlet of the fountain also affects the height of the fountain jet. The smaller it is, the higher the fountain hits.

In order to build a fountain model, you need a reservoir of water, such as a wide jar, a rubber or glass tube, a pool from a low tin can. The higher the tank is raised and the thinner the outlet, the higher the water jet will hit. Therefore, it is better to use a pipette for the fountain tube, removing the rubber band from it. The rest of the device can be disguised by creating a model of a beautiful corner of the garden with a fountain. The second stage of the project: practical work.

Today, as at all times, our urgent task is to protect nature and respect it. Fountains will help us with this. And not only in this: the use of devices from improvised means makes learning and development of creative abilities effective. The most important thing: physics is not scary, physics is interesting!

Resources: Internet articles http://jtdigest.narod.ru/dig1 "Heron's fountain in your apartment" Ozhegov S.N. Shvedova N.Yu. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language: 80 thousand words and phraseological expressions / Russian Academy of Sciences. Institute of the Russian Language. V.V. Vinogradova. - 4th ed.; supplemented. - M .: Azbukovnik, 1999. - 944 pages. Great Soviet Encyclopedia. -M., 1977.-vol. 27 Technique: Encyclopedia / Designed. Series by L. Yakovlev. - M .: LLC "ROSMEN-IZDAT", 2000.-399s.-(Children's Encyclopedia). Y.I. Perelman "Entertaining Physics" book 2, TRIAD-LITERA Moscow, 1994.

Thank you for your attention!

If a large number of plastic bottles of carbonated water have accumulated in the country or at home, do not rush to throw them in a landfill - they can still be useful on the farm. For example, empty containers are suitable for making simple home-made fountains, with which it is easy to organize an irrigation system for watering the lawn (in case there are no sprinklers and sprinklers for the garden at hand).

And you can also use your free time with your children by making a fountain out of a plastic bottle. Such a homemade product will be very interesting for young inventors and is quite simple to manufacture.

Fountain that works by itself from plastic bottles

The classical scheme of Heron's fountain is described in the 7th grade physics textbooks, and consists of 3 water containers located one above the other and connected by three tubes. For a home experiment, empty plastic bottles from mineral water or soda are just right. The first tube comes out of the upper bowl and descends to the very bottom of the structure. The second, which is attached separately from the first, leaves the lower container, enters the middle one and reaches almost to the very top. The third tube comes from the bottom of the middle bowl and enters the top bowl.

"By default" all the liquid is in the middle tank. In order for the fountain to start working, you need to add a little water to the upper bowl - then the liquid will automatically begin to flow through the first tube into the lower container until it is completely filled. At this time, the air pressure will increase, which will be transmitted through the second tube to the middle tank. At the same time, pressure will also act on the water, as a result of which it will begin to rise through the third tube into the upper bowl and flow upwards. By completing this standard physics assignment, you will be able to repeat the experience of the great Greek mathematician and inventor Heron of Alexandria.

Self-made fountain of Heron

The site provides instructions on how to make a fountain out of plastic bottles, which will help you complete the experiment without errors. For this experiment, you can use an empty container of any size. First you need to make a bowl of the future fountain - cut off a “cone” from one bottle with a neck of the height you need. Connect all structural elements as shown in the figure below, having previously drilled holes for the tubes.

Activating the Heron fountain with your own hands from bottles is very simple: first fill it with an amount of water equal in volume to the average container, then wait until it completely drains into the bottom of the fountain, and then turn the structure upside down. The liquid will begin to flow into the middle container. This process is also called "charging the fountain" because it lasts until all the water has flowed down. Starting the fountain is also easy - add some water to the bowl to close the system and enjoy the amazing spectacle.

The do-it-yourself bottle fountain will work until the water in the middle tank is used up - then it needs to be recharged. Please note that the larger the plastic bottles in volume, the longer the fountain will function. The height of the jet will directly depend on the actual difference in the water level in the middle and lower tanks. The main thing is not to get confused with the tubes.

Another important point that you definitely need to pay attention to is the tightness of the connections. For this reason, after completing the assembly, fill the entry points of the tubes in the covers with hot-melt adhesive or sealant. If there is no sealant on hand, ordinary plasticine can be used as an alternative, but keep in mind that leakage is possible in this case.

Expendable materials

To make a homemade mini-fountain, improvised materials are used that can be found in any home:

plastic soda or yogurt bottles;
flexible hose, glass tubes or straws for a cocktail;
hot glue or sealant;
drill or nail (to make holes).

If instead of rigid tubes you use a flexible hose, then in plastic caps (at the junctions) you can insert pieces from a thick ballpoint pen or connectors from a dropper.

Interested in

Heron. This water device was known 2000 years ago. However, these days, few people think about how it works. Indeed, now there are many home fountains of various types on sale. But the peculiarity of this fountain is that it works without any engine, and you can make it yourself.

No need to buy

DIY lovers will be happy to know that this device can be made quickly and easily. How to make Heron's fountain? First you need to prepare the materials and understand the principle of its work. It is not difficult to make a simple fountain of Heron with your own hands. Yes, and it consists of only two containers for water, tubes and a bowl. All these objects are interconnected and, thanks to the gravity existing on Earth, a jet of water is pushed out over the surface of the bowl. The fountain of Heron also operates in full accordance with the laws of hydropneumatics.

Details

Each container of the fountain serves a specific purpose. Heron's fountain begins with a bowl. It is a bowl filled with water, from which a thin tube extends, directed into the lower container. It is through it that the water begins its movement. This container is empty. Water accumulates in it, which, rising up, creates pressure of air rising through a thin tube, and enters the upper container filled with water. From here, the air pushes the water, which moves through the tube into the bowl of water and creates a jet that is visible above the surface of the liquid. Heron's fountain can work for a very long time, but the containers have to be swapped. Because the lower one is gradually filled with water, and the upper one with air, which means that the necessary pressure ceases to be created.

What's the secret

You may be surprised to read now about how you can make a fountain with your own hands. After all, this model uses plastic, and 200 years ago it had not yet been invented. Everything is simple. The Greek inventor used glass containers. First, he conducted an experiment. He poured water into a glass bottle, then plugged it with a cork in which he made a hole. In this hole he inserted a tube that reached the bottom of the bottle. Having placed this structure in the sun, Heron began to observe it. The sun began to heat the bottle, and the water rushed up the tube. Moreover, the stronger the sun warmed, the more water flowed out. Then Heron took a magnifying glass and pointed it at the bottle to enhance the action of the sun's rays. Heated water burst out of the bottle in a high jet. This gave Heron the idea that water can move in a circle, rising from the bottle and returning to it. Then he began to think about how to make the water return to the container on its own.

What's next

The inventor came up with the idea of placing two more inside one vessel. The third vessel was empty, and the second was filled with water. Water enters the third vessel, creating air pressure, from which it rises up the tube located in the middle of the third vessel. From the second vessel, water begins to move into the third, expanding when heated by the sun's rays. As a result, viewers see the beating jet of the fountain above the surface of the bowl. Heron placed his first fountain in the temple. At that time, it was like a miracle, because no one could explain how this fountain works, because there were no mechanical devices or pipes to be seen through which water could be pumped.

Nowadays

Heron's invention is still interesting to our contemporaries. It especially surprises children who are not yet familiar with the laws of physics. Modern inventors are gradually improving Heron's project. They add something new to it, improve its properties and, of course, come up with something of their own. For example, you can increase the height of the jet if you connect several containers together, then the pressure is summed up and pushes the water jet over a long distance. They also come up with various ways to recharge the fountain. It would be nice to make sure that a person does not have to take part in this process.

Nowadays, even a schoolboy can make him Heronov - you read in our article. You can decorate this invention and install it in your country house or apartment, surprising your guests.

This Fountain made of plastic bottles does not require any cash costs. After all, gravity, thanks to which it works, is still free.

The fountain of Heron of Alexandria has been known for 2000 years. However, many are meeting him for the first time. The uniqueness of this fountain lies in the fact that its jet beats above the level of the source water, and this without engine!

The fountain of Heron of Alexandria is a mystery to an unenlightened person. It seems that the law of communicating vessels is being violated. It seems that the fountain can run forever by consuming its own water.

This fountain is convenient to use at home as a humidifier for flowers.

Instructions for using the fountain:

1. Unscrew the bottom bottle and fill it with water.

2. Screw the water bottle back on.

3. Turn the fountain upside down and wait for the water to overflow into the second bottle.

(If the water does not immediately pour, you should press the bottle a little to start the process)

4. Put the fountain upside down. The fountain is ready to start.

5. To start the fountain, pour some water (30-50 ml) into the bowl.

6. After the end of fountaining, turn the fountain upside down to recharge. (It is no longer necessary to spin the fountain and add water to it)

7. You can repeat steps 3 - 6 again indefinitely!

We wish you a pleasant time enjoying our fountain!

MATERIALS:

Plastic bottle (2 l) and two bottles of drinking yogurt.

Straws for a cocktail, a core from a gel pen, a tube from a dropper, connectors from a dropper (you can use segments from a gel rod instead), a nail, a cap from glue.

EQUIPMENT:

Spirit lamp, knife, pliers, scissors, marker, sandpaper, glue gun (or any other waterproof glue).

INSTRUCTION:

Step 1.

We clean the corks from the bottles with sandpaper and glue them with a glue gun. With a nail heated on a spirit lamp, we make two holes in the glued corks. We insert connectors from the dropper into the holes.

Step 2

Glue a cork from a 2 liter bottle to the bottom of the yogurt bottle. We make two holes in it with a hot nail.

Step 3

We insert a tube from a dropper (~ 40 cm) and a straw without a corrugated part into the holes. We lengthen the straw on the other side so that it reaches the neck of the bottle. We insert a piece of the rod from the gel pen into the end of the tube from the dropper for rigidity and seal the gaps around both tubes with glue.

Step 4

We insert the second end of the tube from the dropper to the central connector in glued plugs. We attach a tube from a cocktail to the second connector. Cut off the end of the tube so that it reaches to the bottom of the bottle.

Step 5

Cut off the top of the 2 liter bottle and attach it to the glued cork.

Step 6

We make a nozzle for our fountain from a piece of a tube from a dropper and a connecting part of a gel rod (or a cap from glue). We attach the nozzle to the yellow tube using the connector from the dropper and a segment of the orange tube.

[In order for the tubes to fit into each other, one of them must first be expanded (with the end of a handle, for example).]

The main purpose of the nozzle is to obtain a thin high jet. You can get by with cutting the tube from the dropper without a nozzle - then the water from the fountain will simply pour down like a waterfall.

Step 7