How to disassemble a household hair dryer. Do-it-yourself hair dryer repair: detailed instructions

The household uses a variety of electrical appliances that greatly facilitate the life of the layman. But during operation, they can fail and break. Do-it-yourself hair dryer repair is not difficult, as most problems can be easily fixed at home. But first you need to understand the device and the principle of operation of the device.

Design features

Before proceeding with the elimination of the breakdown, it is necessary to understand how the household appliance is arranged. The main components of the hair dryer are as follows:

motor;
fan;
heating elements;
electrical circuit.

A hair dryer, depending on the number of modes, may have several switches and various external characteristics. The case can be made of various materials and fastened with special screws. The heads mostly have a non-standard pattern, it can be a plus sign, a pitchfork or an asterisk. Before disassembling the device, it is worth taking care of the necessary tool.

In addition, the sashes can be fixed with special latches. Therefore, you must be extremely careful not to break off fragile plastic elements.

The motor of the device can operate on direct current of 12, 24 and 36 V. To rectify the mains voltage, use a diode bridge. In simpler devices, a single diode is used.

Inspection procedure

If the hair dryer is completely devoid of life or does not function well, then a visual inspection of the power circuit is required. It is best to carry out the events in the following order:

Here is a list of the most common problems that affect the performance of a hair dryer. There are more serious problems, but only experienced craftsmen can fix them.

Repair of a professional device is quite complicated. Since the parts available in it are equipped with special controls and various options, such as the Care button. In addition, often the spiral is made of a special alloy, which, when heated, creates negative ions that have a beneficial effect on the quality of the hair.

But such devices also have the same technique:

cable;
switches and various buttons;
cleaning from dust and dirt;
inspection of the spiral and motor;
capacitor and resistor control.

But before you carry out independent repair work, you need to familiarize yourself with the circuit diagram of the device. As you can see, fixing household appliances for drying hair is not so difficult. But if there is any doubt, then you should not fix it yourself, but better take them to a service center.

Since any incorrectly performed action can lead to the fact that the device will become completely unusable, and even specialists will not be able to repair it.

An electric hair dryer is the most important accessory in a woman's life. In many ways, thanks to this device, a woman is always attractive and desirable for a man. With a hair dryer, you can not only dry your hair, but also make a beautiful styling that emphasizes the natural beauty of a woman. The hair dryer is also the first item in the hands of a make-up artist. It is almost impossible to imagine the life of a modern woman without a hair dryer. But, like any other device, it is prone to breakdowns. How to determine the malfunction, how to disassemble the hair dryer and repair it, if possible, will be discussed in this article.

General arrangement of hair dryers

Due to the wide distribution, regardless of the manufacturer, most hair dryers have a similar design. The main elements are the heating element and the electric fan. The heating element is a conventional spiral, which is made of alloys with high electrical resistance. Due to this, the coil can be heated to high temperatures and not burn out. In electric hair dryers, nichrome wire is used as a heating element. Even with very high resistance, the coil will certainly burn out if it is not cooled.

Cooling in hair dryers is air, that is, the heating element is cooled by a strong air flow. The flow strength is calculated in such a way as to prevent the spiral from burning out. The main element in the cooling unit is the electric motor. Power can be different and varies from the class of hair dryer and from its manufacturer. The higher the class of the hair dryer, the greater its power. High-power engines are put on a Rowenta hair dryer. How to disassemble it, we will explain below. Motors for hair dryers are produced in a low-voltage version. The supply voltage, as a rule, does not exceed 12 volts. This is necessary to ensure the compactness of hair dryers and their safe operation. To lower the voltage to the required level, a step-down coil is included in the circuit, which is built into the heating element. In addition, the hair dryer has a power button, which can also be a power regulator.

Tools for repair

Regardless of the manufacturer or class of hair dryer, the home master will need the following tools and supplies:

screwdriver;
pliers;
soldering iron;
tweezers;
glue;
solder paste or flux;
tin;
pieces of wire of various sections;
multimeter.

Hair dryer disassembly

As a rule, the cases of hair dryers are made of plastic, which are fastened with self-tapping screws. You need to unscrew them with a curly screwdriver. Next, you need to push the halves of the body, disengage the latches. The latches are very fragile and it is important to be careful not to break them. Especially if you want to take apart a Rowenta hair dryer. How to do it right? The main thing is to unscrew all the screws. It happens that in hair dryers, depending on their design, hidden screws are used. They may be under manufacturer's stickers or logos. If you do not unscrew them, then with further disassembly you have every chance to break the latches.

There is one more feature if you do not know how to disassemble the hair dryer brush - such devices consist of several parts and have a rotating head. When disassembling such a device, you need to carefully remember in what order and how the parts are attached to each other. This is very important and necessary for the subsequent correct assembly of the hair dryer.

Troubleshooting

We learned how to disassemble a hair dryer. Now you need to find and fix the problem so that it can be used for a long time. If the hair dryer does not want to turn on at all, then the first step is to check the integrity of the electrical cord and plug. The correctness of the plug will help determine a visual inspection. If during inspection traces of burning or melting are visible, then such a plug must be replaced. Often the electrical plug and cord are one piece, in which case the entire cord must be replaced.

To protect the hair dryer from overheating, a thermal switch and a thermal fuse are used. The first is contact plates, which, when a certain temperature is reached, open and break the circuit. The thermal fuse also protects the hair dryer from overheating. If it overheats, the fuse blows and opens the circuit. Also, the number of malfunctions may include an idle engine. Often this can happen with How to disassemble it is written above.

If a cord is found to be defective, it must be replaced. The integrity of the cord can be checked with a multimeter. Turn on your multimeter to measure resistance, measure the resistance of the wires in turn. A good core will show zero, and a burnt one will show infinite resistance.

The thermal fuse is one piece. It is short-circuited, when the critical temperature is reached, it simply burns out. This can also be checked with a multimeter, if such a defect is present, then the fuse must be replaced. In this case, you will need a soldering iron and a new fuse.

The fault may also lie in the thermal switch. - the basis of this device, due to high temperature, may lose its properties and stop working. Then such a switch must also be replaced, since it will not be possible to restore it.

Another reason for repair may be the burnout of the heating element. This most often happens with the Scarlet hair dryer (how to disassemble and repair it can be found in the article). Spiral burnout can occur for two reasons: protection failure and long service life. In this case, you need to replace the spiral, after restoring the protection. An idle engine must be replaced.

Prevention

To avoid unnecessary expenses for repairs, it is advisable to carry out preventive maintenance of the device. To do this, you also need to disassemble the hair dryer. How to do prevention? First of all, it is a visual inspection. Inspect the hair dryer that you use for external damage: the integrity of the cord, plug, possible melting on the body. If there is such damage, then the hair dryer needs to be repaired or replaced. Important! Do not use a damaged hair dryer as it may cause injury or fire.

From time to time you need to clean the hair dryer. In the process of operation, the hair dryer is clogged with dust and cut hair. To clean it, the back cover with a protective grid is removed. Through the opened hole you can get to the heating element. Use a soft brush to gently brush away dirt and hair from the mesh and clean the coil. So you learned how to disassemble a hair dryer in order to repair it. Let's summarize.

Conclusion

An electric hair dryer is a fairly simple household appliance. But, like all appliances powered by a 220 volt network, it needs constant care and prevention. You learned how to disassemble a hair dryer for drying and styling hair. But, there are also technical hair dryers that are used in construction. As a rule, they are very powerful, they are used for soldering, tinning, removing paint and varnish coatings, gluing plastics and much more. Despite the greater power and other applications, such hair dryers are similar in design, their disassembly and repair are similar to hair dryers.

A construction or industrial hair dryer is not at all an obligatory tool for a home master, however, its presence allows you to implement a number of complex works. Such works include the removal of the paintwork, the separation of two parts glued with sealant (car headlights), as well as the heating of materials during the noise reduction of the car. With frequent and improper use, the tool can fail, so we will find out in detail what the repair of a building hair dryer is, how to find a breakdown and fix it at minimal cost.

How a technical hair dryer works and what is inside it

When buying a hair dryer, many are probably surprised at the relatively low cost of this device. However, the thing is that the design of this tool is so primitive that it has a positive effect on its cost. To understand how an industrial hair dryer works, first let's find out all the constituent elements of the ego:

These are the main details of the tool in question. The hair dryer does not have a complicated design at all, but even despite this, it breaks more often than screwdrivers, drills and grinders. One of the weakest points of this tool is the heating part. To understand how to repair a building hair dryer with your own hands, we will first deal with the principle of operation of the tool.

The principle of operation of the building hair dryer and the scheme of its device

If a building hair dryer breaks down, then in order to repair it yourself, you need to know not only the design, but also the principle of operation of the tool. Understanding why each element of the device is needed, you can check its serviceability and eliminate breakdowns. It should be noted right away that industrial hair dryers can be conditionally divided into two types:

Budget, which have the simplest design. A distinctive feature of such tools is that they have a low cost, and there is no electronic control board in their configuration.
Expensive - in the design of such devices, electronic boards are used, as well as semiconductor elements responsible for supplying voltage to the spiral and the electric motor, as well as microcontrollers that analyze data. There are also models equipped with displays and regulators, through which you can more accurately adjust the blowing temperature.

The electrical circuit of the simplest building hair dryer, which has two engine shaft speeds, is presented below.

The principle of operation of the building hair dryer has the following format:

If the spiral breaks, the hair dryer motor will not turn on, but if the motor fails, then all the voltage is applied to the heating element, which leads to burnout of the nichrome filament. On most devices, protective elements are used to prevent overheating of the spiral.

The more switches in the design of the device, the higher the likelihood that any of them may fail. Often the reason for the breakdown of building hair dryers is their improper use, which entails the burnout of the heating element spiral. First of all, it is necessary to remember three main rules when operating the device in question:

The simplest scheme of the hair dryer is shown in the photo below. According to the principle of this scheme, not only budget models of building hair dryers work, but also household ones.

Now let's take a closer look at the repair of a building hair dryer with our own hands. Moreover, for this it is not at all necessary to know the basics of electrical engineering and electronics in order to find and fix a malfunction.

Malfunctions of the building hair dryer, their identification and elimination

How to repair a building hair dryer is asked by many owners of this tool, faced with its inoperability. To successfully find the cause of the malfunction and eliminate it, you must follow the sequence of actions for diagnosing tool breakdowns.

To begin with, it is recommended to make sure that there is voltage in the plug-in socket. After all, it often happens that a powerful electrical appliance connected to the network contributes to the operation of the circuit breaker. In order to be able to operate the device, and at the same time exclude the circuit breaker from turning off, it is necessary to reduce the load on the lines by turning off powerful electrical appliances - a boiler, a washing machine, an extractor hood, an electric kettle, etc.

General check of the health of the hair dryer with a multimeter

To make sure that the device is out of order, it is recommended that you first do the following manipulations:

Using a multimeter, make a dial tone of the tool
On the multimeter, turn on the diode continuity or resistance measurement mode
Touch the probes to the terminals of the plug of the power tool
Switch the hair dryer button to different positions

When you switch the button on the device, the readings should change, which indicate the presence of resistance. If the readings do not change, then it is appropriate to assume that there is an open circuit in the circuit. To clarify the reasons, you will need to disassemble the tool by unscrewing the fasteners and make a detailed diagnosis.

Checking the network wire

How to make sure that the power cord of the hair dryer is working. It is extremely problematic to do this visually, since damage to the cores inside the insulation often occurs, and this is not visible from the outside. This happens quite often, especially if you use Chinese hair dryers from little-known manufacturers.

Moreover, damage to the core occurs not only through mechanical action, for example, squeezing the wire with a door, but also during prolonged use of the tool at maximum power. It happens something like this - the core heats up, it burns, as a result of which the copper material becomes brittle and easily breaks. You can diagnose such a breakdown using a multimeter:

If the multimeter beeps, then the network cable is working and does not need to be repaired or replaced. If the device does not emit a sound signal when one of the contacts is touched, then this indicates damage to the core of the network wire. In this case, it is recommended to replace the wire, since it is almost impossible to find the place of its damage. If there is a goal to find the place of damage to the core of the network wire, then this will help.

There is another case when the device emits a signal when the probe touches both contacts of the terminal block. This indicates that the cores of the wire are shorted, and the cable also needs to be replaced.

It is interesting!A network wire malfunction may occur when the device is in operation, when it switches off during operation. Such a self-shutdown indicates a weak contact in the wire, so the device during measurements can show a positive result, but the tool works intermittently. Replacing the power cord will help fix the problem.

Testing a switch or button

Next, you need to make sure that the hair dryer button is working. Often, oxides and deposits form on the switch, which do not allow the contacts to close for the flow of electric current. To make sure that the hair dryer button is working, you must also use a multimeter. To do this, in the dialing mode of the device, touch the button terminals with the probes. In the off position, the device should not “beep”, and when the first or second mode is turned on, the multimeter emits a beep.

This signal is a sign that the reason why the building hair dryer does not turn on is a malfunction of other tool components. If manipulations to check the button lead to the conclusion that it is faulty, then you should disassemble it and clean the contacts. On some models of hair dryers, the switches are of a non-separable type, so they just need to be replaced.

It is interesting!Often, many people suspect a malfunction of the capacitor smoothing network noise. This yellow capacitor is connected to the button, and filters out network interference, while preventing the failure of the hair dryer's electronics, as well as the motor and spiral. If the capacitor is faulty, then this will not affect the operation of the hair dryer in any way, however, its failure may subsequently cause the failure of rectifier diodes, microcontroller, thyristor, resistors and other elements of the microcircuit. A capacitor failure is easy to determine visually, if it is inflated, then it is faulty.

How to check the health of the collector motor of the hair dryer

If there is a suspicion that the engine is faulty, then you can check it in two ways:

Ring with a multimeter
Connect to a suitable DC voltage source. When doing this, keep in mind that the board with the diode bridge must be disconnected. In order not to disconnect it, you can connect it to an AC voltage source of the appropriate magnitude for which the engine is designed

To dial the electric motor with a multimeter, you need to connect the probes to the output contacts of the device. The presence of resistance indicates that the winding of the device is not damaged. In order to make sure that this part is in good condition, you can apply power to it with a value of 12-18V. Usually, the power supply voltage of the hair dryer motor is indicated on the body, so take this value into account so as not to “burn” the rotor winding.

Repair of the spiral of the building hair dryer and the determination of the failure of the heating element

From experienced specialists, you can hear such advice that if a spiral burns out on an industrial hair dryer, then it’s easier to buy a new tool. Why buy a new hair dryer when you can repair or replace the hair dryer coil.

However, before we find out how to repair the hair dryer spiral, we will consider the features of diagnosing its malfunction. The principle of diagnosing a hair dryer spiral is as follows:

First you need to remove the heating element from the metal flask
Next, you should inspect the connection of wires to the contacts of the heating element spiral. Very often, the cause of a hair dryer malfunction is the banal disconnection of one of the wires or the oxidation of the contacts.
Turn on the multimeter in the resistance measurement mode, and connect to the contacts of the spiral. The hair dryer uses 1 or more spirals, which depends on the scheme and the number of speeds of the tool
The spirals must have resistance, and if the device shows a zero value, then the integrity of the nichrome thread is broken. Over time, from exposure to high temperatures, the nickel-chromium thread loses its properties and becomes brittle, and therefore fails.

If the diagnostics show that the spirals are in good condition and have resistance, and the hair dryer does not work, then the breakdown is hidden directly in the thermal fuse - a thermocouple. This is an element that prevents the coil from overheating, however, under the influence of high temperatures, the thermocouple can also fail. The principle of its operation is that with an increase in temperature, a change in resistance occurs in the circuit. You can check the health of the thermocouple with a multimeter by measuring the resistance. If the element is working, then the device will show the resistance value, and if it fails, then the resistance will be zero.

Now consider the situation when the hair dryer spiral failed. What to do if the spiral is broken, and how to repair it? To repair the nichrome spiral of a building hair dryer, you will need to use small connecting elements, that is, a bolt with a nut. It is with the help of these parts that you can connect the nichrome spiral of the hair dryer. Soldering the helix won't help as the nickel-chromium material is not solderable. To repair the hair dryer spiral, you will need to initially find the place of the break, and then follow these steps:

Assess the condition of the coil. If it not only has a break, but also damage in different places, then it is recommended to replace it
The break is eliminated by connecting the two parts of the spiral, using small bolts with nuts for this. The parts to be joined must be strong.
Connecting the helix with threaded connectors increases the resistance, so please note that the heating temperature of the tool will be reduced

As you can see, repairing the spiral of a building hair dryer is not at all difficult. If the heating element cannot be repaired, then it can be replaced. To do this, you will need to buy a new spiral of the appropriate length, and replace it. In addition to replacing the coil, you can also buy a new heating element assembly for your make and model of hair dryer. However, you can not find new heating elements for all models of hair dryers. The most popular manufacturers of the instruments in question:

Interskol
bison
Makita
Hitachi
Storm

It is not recommended to buy the cheapest version of a hair dryer, but if the tool is needed only for one-time use, then it does not make sense to overpay for a branded device that costs 2-3 times more. Repairing building hair dryers is quite easy if you approach this issue correctly. To do this, you need to follow a clear sequence of actions in order to identify a breakdown, and eliminate it as quickly and easily as possible.

If the board of the building hair dryer is burned out, how to repair

Electronic failures are not uncommon. On budget options for building hair dryers, only one board is used - a rectifier diode bridge. You can check the health of the diodes with a multimeter, and if one diode burns out, the engine will not start. Having determined the faulty diode, it should be replaced using a soldering iron.

If an inverter board is used on a building hair dryer, then any element of electronics can fail on it. In order to understand which element has failed on the board, you need to make a visual inspection. Usually burnt elements appear outwardly by signs of blackening. To repair the board of a building hair dryer, you will need minimal knowledge of electronics, as well as being able to use a soldering iron. With a multimeter, you can check the health of all elements on the board, and replace the failed ones.

It is interesting!If the ceramic part is damaged, then in this case it is recommended to buy a new heating element, which can cost almost the same as the tool itself. That is why, if it is impossible to make an independent repair, you should weigh the cost of spare parts and a new hair dryer, on the basis of which you should make the right decision.

Conclusions on the repair of a building hair dryer

Faced with a hair dryer malfunction, it is important to pay attention to the initial signs of breakdown. After all, these breakdowns manifest themselves in different ways:

Hair dryer does not turn on
Only one of two or more modes works
Turns on but turns off during operation
The fan works, but the hair dryer does not heat
The fan does not work - in this case, protection is triggered, which eliminates overheating of the spirals and their integrity violation

A detailed step-by-step description of how to repair a building hair dryer on your own is discussed in the material. The video instruction below will help you find a breakdown and fix it yourself. It is worth remembering that the service life of an industrial hair dryer depends, first of all, on the correct use and storage. If the device is stored in a garage, then before using it, it is recommended to blow the spirals with a compressor. Sometimes, failure to follow the simplest rules for operating a power tool leads to the fact that they fail much earlier and faster than expected.

The popularity of self-repair of various household appliances is growing: users seek to save money on calling a master from a service center. This rule is especially true for small household appliances. Indeed, the device of such a technique is simple, but sometimes some difficulties may arise. How to disassemble a hair dryer, for example, Philips, when there are no instructions and recommendations? We will try to tell you everything in detail.

Like any household appliance, a hair dryer stops working one not quite perfect morning. The reasons for the failure may be different: mechanical impact associated with an accidental fall, or there was a sudden power surge in the network when the device was turned on. To find out exactly what happened, you need a partial or complete disassembly of the Philips hair dryer, which you can do yourself with certain skills and ability to repair electrical household appliances.

Very important! Before proceeding with disassembly, disconnect the device from the power supply.

Most hair dryer models from the Philips company from the Netherlands open in two halves, but for this you need to remove the plastic ring that holds both parts. It has four latches, in order to wring them out, you need a flat tool - a flat thin spatula or a sharp, durable knife. You need to work very carefully - the plastic is fragile, if you break the latch, then the repair can be considered complete, you will have to go to the store for a new hair dryer.

Philips Salondry Control and Philips HP8656 models from seriesPro Care Ion differ only in that the latter is a hair dryer brush, and their principle of operation and design are almost the same. The addition of Ion at the end of the name means that the hair dryer has an air ionization function. Such a function is necessary to "pacify" unruly hair - negatively charged ions (ion) prevent magnetization, hair styling occurs without problems.

There are quite small but powerful latches on the inner surface of the casing of these models in the front. To wring them out, insert the tool between the casing and the casing until there is a gap between them and pull the casing strongly. Now we need to unlock everything. fasteners- there are only eight of them: 2 in the handle, 3 are under the removable part of the nozzle and 3 hold the upper part of the body. The screwdriver must be prepared in advance, taking into account the type of slots on the screws. Philips hair dryer disassembly is over.

To help users, there will be such a video about the phased disassembly of the hair dryer:

What could be broken

After opening the case, it is necessary to carefully examine all the details for their performance. Quite often, the cause of the breakdown is the power supply wire, its contacts can burn - they need to be cleaned and updated. If the wire is broken inside, then it is changed to a new one.

Fan

This main unit of the product is driven by an electric motor, with the help of a fan, air is sucked into the hair dryer. Often a breakdown is associated with contamination of this device with dust, especially quickly clogged electric motor brushes. To clean the fan, we disassemble the device according to the above scheme.

electric motor

If, when you turn on the hair dryer, you hear a crack and see flashes of sparks inside the body of the product - this is how the brushes behave when they are worn out above the norm, an urgent replacement is required. When the engine does not turn on, then one of the failure options can be very banal: a gap has formed between the rotor and the brushes. wad of dust, it is a dielectric, and therefore the motor armature does not rotate.

The air passes through a special wire grate that plays the role of a heating element - it must be unharmed. If a gap is found, then it must be soldered, simple twisting will increase the resistance of the entire lattice, which will negatively affect the operation of the thermostat.

Many home craftsmen have been used to soldering everything since the times of the USSR, but today all the details of the devices have become much more delicate - the wires are so thin that an ordinary soldering iron simply burns them out. Capacitors are soldered to the PCB, it takes skill and a special tool to replace them. low-power soldering iron with a thin tip, which is a waste of money.

Microcircuits

These miniature products are so delicate that if something happened to them, then they cannot be repaired, it is necessary change completely. Capacitors should be looked for in specialized stores or on radio markets.

Important! When choosing these parts, you need to select them exactly with the parameters of the broken ones, for this, compare the markings on the burnt samples.

Need to work with microchips in rubber gloves so as not to leave grease marks on the contacts. If you find that the circuit board is burned out, then go to the store for a new hair dryer, the old one can be disassembled into spare parts - it will not be possible to reanimate it.

Remember: self-repair can be quite expensive if very important parts of the product are broken. Therefore, you need to think about whether it is worth starting a repair, if it is easier and cheaper to buy a new hair dryer.

It is difficult to find a girl or woman who would not use a hair dryer to dry her hair, especially in the cold season. And this is understandable, since it takes several hours for long hair to dry well at room temperature, and with the current pace of life, this is a luxury.

Therefore, these devices were, are and will always be in demand. And this is proved by statistics on the sale of hair dryers as a gift to women on various occasions. It is these devices that occupy one of the leading places, since the thing is necessary and inexpensive.
But no matter how high-quality the product is, elevated temperature, high current consumption, and, as a rule, improper operation often lead to breakdowns of household hair dryers.

Rice. 1. Repairable hair dryer "Startex"

And before buying a new device, you can try to bring an old friend back to life. Moreover, the damage can be minor and easily fixed.

Below, one of the most common breakdowns of hair dryers and how to fix it will be described in detail (using the Startex hair dryer as an example).

Of the tools you will need only those that are in almost every home. The only thing that may not be is a multimeter or some other device that shows the circuit. But for sure, a friend or neighbor has it, and you can ask for it for the time of repair. If, nevertheless, there is no good neighbor or electrician friend nearby, you can buy the cheapest multimeter, especially since there are enough of them on the market now. In the future, it will definitely come in handy, for example, to check a light bulb, battery or mains voltage.

In the photo (Figure 1) there is a hair dryer that has a problem in operation.

It lies in the fact that when turned on at maximum power, it does not react in any way.

Fig.2. We looked inside

The hair dryer itself has three switch positions:

The bottom one is "OFF".
The average is half the heating power.
Top - maximum heating power.

Rice. 3. Three positions of the hair dryer

Most often, a hair dryer is used in the upper position, as it gives the fastest drying. Therefore, it is unacceptable to ignore such a breakdown.

So, to find the cause of the malfunction, it is necessary to disassemble the device. Start with a pen.

Rice. 4. Unscrew the handle of the hair dryer

It has a position switch and two mounting screws for a Phillips screwdriver.

Put the hair dryer on its side, and unscrew these two screws.

Rice. 5. Remove the side of the handle

After removing the lid, you can see its filling.

Rice. 6. Hair dryer electronics

Here are located: a switch, a diode, a capacitor, a zero (common) clamp and a clamp for fixing the cord.

Rice. 7. Common clamp

The zero clamp is located inside the dielectric cap (Figure 7).

It connects: a wire from the power cord - blue, a black wire that goes further to the heater, and one terminal of the capacitor.

The position switch has three outputs. One common, to which a phase brown wire comes from the power cord.
On the other hand, a diode is soldered to the pins.

If you look at the circuit diagram (Figure 8), you can see that in one of the switch positions, the current flows to the heater through the diode. This reduces the heating power and corresponds to the middle position of the switch.

When the second, or both, contacts are closed, the current passes to the heater coil, bypassing the diode, which corresponds to the maximum power - the third position.

The capacitor serves to dampen the noise generated by the motor in the network. This capacitor can be completely dismantled. Then there will be more space in the handle, and it will not explode when the voltage in the network rises.

When inspecting these components, you should pay attention to their external condition. There should be no damage, soot, breakage of conductors and deformation of the case from the temperature regime.

If all the wires are in place, you need to pay attention to the switch. This is a weak link in the chain, since the mechanical movement of the contacts occurs in it, and when they open, an electric arc forms carbon deposits on their surface.

You can check the integrity of the diode, but in this case there is no need to do this, since at half power, the hair dryer works, which means the diode is intact.

Rice. 9. Checking the external state of the components

You need to check the passage of current through the switch.

To do this, we connect one end of the circuit tester to a common terminal, and the other to the terminals on the opposite side.
But you need to do this at a certain position of the switch.

First, we connect the device where only the diode is soldered, and put the switch lever in the middle position.

Rice. 10. Switch in the lowest position

Rice. 11. Checking the current through the switch

The indicator shows the circuit. This means that the contacts inside the case are closed and this is good.

The switch must be placed in the highest position (Figure 12).

Rice. 12. Switch in the highest position

Rice. 13. Checking the second output

The device does not show the circuit, which means that something has happened to the contacts. Fortunately, the switch turned out to be collapsible. Its upper and lower parts are fastened with two screws.

They must be carefully unscrewed. A screwdriver will help here, and not necessarily a Phillips one. An ordinary straight line, with a small tip, for example, an hour, will do.

The screws are quite tight, so some effort will be required. You need to be extremely careful, the screwdriver is thin and can cause deep injury if it slips off. Therefore, it is better not to put your fingers under the switch.
For convenience, you can remove the entire filling by unscrewing the cable clamp.

Now you can rest the lower part of the case against the table and press the screw with a screwdriver (Figure 14).

Rice. 14. Disassemble the switch

In this way, small screws are quite easily unscrewed. When both screws are removed, carefully remove the top cover of the switch with two fingers.

Rice. 15. Remove the switch cover

Under it is the switch handle, on the reverse side of which a special relief is cut out, thanks to which the contacts are pressed or raised at a certain position of the switch lever.

Rice. 16. The internal arrangement of the dryer switch

A hole is made in the center of the handle for a spring, which, together with a metal ball (Figure 16), provides stepwise switching of modes. When disassembling, make sure that the spring and ball are not lost. It is better to put them immediately, for example, in a matchbox.

The fixed ones are at the top, and the movable ones have a springy structure, thanks to which, the contacts close if nothing affects them. When switching modes, the "cams" of the lever press on these contacts, and under their influence, they go down and open.

Rice. 17. Hair dryer switch contacts

If you look at the contacts from the side (Figure 18), you can see that the nearest one did not return to its original position to close the circuit.

Rice. 18. We look at the contacts on the side

It is this contact that is responsible for turning on the maximum heating power, which did not work.

Below in the photo, you can see how the contacts work. When you press the far contact, it flexes.

Rice. 19. This is how contacts work

If you let it go, it comes back and closes the circuit.

Rice. 20. Contact returned back

We do the same with the other contact.

Rice. 21. Click on another contact

Down, it is pressed, but does not return back (Figure 22).

Rice. 22. Contact didn't come back

Most likely, a flexible conductor with a contact rubs against the side inner wall of the switch housing and is blocked in the lower position. This is the reason for the incorrect operation of the device in one of the modes.

To return the switch to normal operation, you must perform the following sequence of actions:

Gently squeeze the contact block with "ducks" or small pliers. This will give the contact a freer ride in the groove of the switch housing.
Rice. 23. Compress the block of contacts
Additionally, you need to process the edges of the flexible conductors with a needle file. To do this, the contact pad itself can be removed. This will make it easier to process them.
Rice. 24. We clean the edges of the conductors with a file
Also, with a needle file - we clean the contacts from soot.
Rice. 25. Get rid of soot
We put the contact pad in place.
Rice. 26. We put the site in place
For better sliding, we lubricate the inner walls of the body with lithol.
Rice. 27. Litol on the tip of the incisor
Rice. 28. Lubricate with lithol

Now you can check how the contact progress has improved. Press your finger on the contact, and release it.

Rice. 29. Checking contacts

It can be seen that the contact is now working normally, and nothing interferes with its course.

Rice. 30. Spring

A metal ball, it is better to insert into one of the grooves on the body (Figure 31). So it will not come off the spring when you install the switch knob.

The important thing is which side to put the switch handle, since the correct operation of it depends on it.

Rice. 31. Assembling the switch

When the correct side is determined, we turn the lever so that the center of the spring hits the ball, and not to the side.

Rice. 32. We fall on the ball with a spring

Holding the handle, we put on it the upper part of the switch housing.

Without releasing the cover, we tighten the two fastening screws (Fig. 33). Now the switch is ready, and without assembling the hair dryer, you can check its operation in different modes.

Rice. 33. We twist 2 screws back

Since the current-carrying parts are open, switching modes must be done with the power plug disconnected from the mains. And only after making the switch, apply power.