In recent years, in our country, such a concept as “falsification of history” has become especially widespread. Of course, at first glance, this phrase seems incomprehensible. How can you distort the facts that have already taken place? But, nevertheless, the rewriting of history is a phenomenon that takes place in modern society and has its roots in the distant past. The very first examples of documents in which history was falsified have been known since the time of Ancient Egypt.

Methods and techniques

The authors whose works reflect the distortion and falsification of history, as a rule, do not indicate the sources of their "factual" judgments. Only occasionally in such works are references to various publications that either do not exist at all, or they clearly do not relate to the subject of the publication.

One can say about this method that it is not so much a forgery of the known as its addition. In other words, this is not a falsification of history, but ordinary myth-making.

A more subtle way of distorting the existing facts is the falsification of primary sources. Sometimes the falsification of world history becomes possible on the basis of "sensational" archaeological discoveries. Sometimes authors make references to previously unknown documents. These can be “unpublished” chronicle materials, diaries, memoirs, etc. In such cases, only a special examination can reveal a fake, which the interested party either does not conduct, or falsifies the results obtained by it.

One of the methods of distorting history is the one-sided selection of certain facts and their arbitrary interpretation. As a result of this, connections are being built that were absent in reality. It is simply impossible to call the conclusions made on the basis of the obtained picture true. With this method of falsifying history, certain events or documents described actually took place. However, researchers draw their conclusions with a purposeful and gross violation of all methodological foundations. The purpose of such publications may be to justify a certain historical character. Those sources that give negative information about him are simply ignored or their hostility is noted, and therefore falsity. At the same time, documents that indicate the presence of positive facts are used as a basis and are not criticized.

There is another special technique that, in essence, can be located between the methods described above. It lies in the fact that the author gives a real, but at the same time truncated quote. It omits places that are in clear contradiction with the conclusions necessary for the mythologist.

Goals and motives

Why falsify history? The goals and motives of the authors who publish publications that distort the events that have taken place can be very diverse. They relate to the ideological or political sphere, affect commercial interests, etc. But in general, the falsification of the history of the world pursues goals that can be combined in two groups. The first of these includes socio-political motives (gepolitical, political and ideological). Most of them are closely connected with anti-state propaganda.

The second group of goals includes commercial and personal-psychological motives. In their list: the desire to gain fame and assert themselves, as well as to become famous in a short time, giving the society a "sensation" that can turn over all existing ideas about the past. The dominant factor in this case is, as a rule, the material interests of the authors, who earn good money by publishing large editions of their works. Sometimes the motives that prompted the distortion of historical facts can be explained by the desire for revenge on individual opponents. Sometimes such publications are aimed at belittling the role of government representatives.

Historical heritage of Russia

A similar problem exists in our country. At the same time, the falsification of national history is considered as anti-Russian propaganda. Often, publications that distort the events that have taken place are born in states both near and far abroad. They are directly related to the current material and political interests of various forces and contribute to the justification of material and territorial claims against the Russian Federation.

The problem of falsification of history and opposition to such facts is very relevant. After all, it affects the state interests of Russia and damages the social memory of the country's citizens. And this fact has been repeatedly emphasized by the leadership of our state. In order to respond to such challenges in a timely manner, a special commission has even been created under the President of Russia, whose task is to counter any attempts to falsify history that damage state interests.

Main directions

Unfortunately, in modern times, the falsification of the history of Russia has begun to take on quite impressive proportions. At the same time, the authors who explore and describe the past boldly cross all ideological barriers in their publications, and also grossly break moral and ethical norms. The reader was literally flooded with a stream of disinformation, which is simply impossible for an ordinary person to understand. What are the main directions of falsification of history?

Classic

These historical falsifications have migrated to us from past centuries. The authors of such articles claim that the Russians are aggressors and that they are a constant threat to all civilized mankind. In addition, such publications characterize our people as dark barbarians, drunkards, savages, etc.

Russophobic

These falsifications are picked up by our intelligentsia and transplanted into our own soil. Such a distortion of history gives rise to a complex of self-abasement and national inferiority. After all, according to him, everything is fine in Russia, but people do not know how to live culturally. This supposedly forces one to repent for one's past. But before whom? Foreigners, that is, those ideological enemies who organized such sabotage, become judges.

These directions of distortion of historical facts at first glance seem antagonistic. However, both of them fit perfectly into the anti-Russian and anti-Russian channel. Anyone who tries to denigrate our history perfectly uses both tools at the same time, despite their apparent opposite. So, when relying on communist arguments, tsarist Russia is humiliated. At the same time, in order to denigrate the Soviet Union, the arguments of the most rabid critics of the idea of ​​communism are used.

Distortion of the activities of key figures

Another direction in which the falsification of the history of Russia is carried out is criticism directed against various prominent personalities.

Thus, the distortion of facts can often be found in works about St. Vladimir the Baptist, St. Andrei Bogolyubsky, St. Alexander Nevsky, etc. There is even a certain pattern. The greater the contribution to the development of the country was made by this or that figure, the more persistently and aggressively they try to denigrate him.

Distortion of the events of national history

This is one of the favorite directions of mythologists who are trying to slander our country. And here special priority belongs to the events of the Great Patriotic War. It's pretty easy to explain. In order to belittle Russia, these authors are trying to cross out and obscure the most grandiose and brilliant feat of our state, which, without any doubt, saved the entire civilized world. The period from 1941 to 1945 provides a large field of activity for such mythologists.

Thus, the most distorted moments of the war are the assertions that:

• The USSR was preparing for an attack on Germany;
• the Soviet and Nazi systems are identical, and the victory of the people occurred against the wishes of Stalin;
• the role of the Soviet-German front is not so great, and Europe owes its liberation from the fascist yoke to the allies;
• Soviet soldiers who have accomplished feats are not heroes at all, while traitors, SS men, and others are praised;
• the losses of the two opposing sides are clearly exaggerated by politicians, and the number of victims of the peoples of the USSR and Germany is much less;
• the military art of the Soviet generals was not so high, and the country won only due to huge losses and victims.

What is the purpose of falsifying the history of the war? Thus, the "purifiers" of the facts that have already occurred are trying to ground and crush the war itself and nullify the feat of the Soviet people. However, the whole truth of this terrible tragedy of the 20th century lies in the great spirit of patriotism and the desire of ordinary people to come to victory at any cost. This was the most defining element in the life of the army and the people of that time.

Theories that go against Westernism

At present, many of the most amazing versions of the development of the social system in Russia have appeared. One of them is Eurasianism. It denies the existence of the Mongol-Tatar yoke, and these mythologists raise the Horde khans to the level of Russian tsars. A similar direction announces the symbiosis of the Asian peoples and Rus'. On the one hand, these theories are friendly to our country.

After all, they call on both peoples to work together to counter the common slanderers and enemies. However, upon closer examination, such versions are a clear analogue of Westernism, only vice versa. Indeed, in this case, the role of the great Russian people, which supposedly should be subordinate to the East, is belittled.

Neo-pagan falsification

This is a new direction of distortion of historical facts, which at first glance seems pro-Russian and patriotic. With its development, works are allegedly discovered that testify to the primordial wisdom of the Slavs, their ancient traditions and civilizations. However, they also contain the problem of falsifying the history of Russia. After all, such theories are in fact extremely dangerous and destructive. They are aimed at undermining true Russian and Orthodox traditions.

Historical terrorism

This rather new trend sets itself the goal of blowing up the very foundations of historical science. The most striking example of this is the theory that was created by a group led by a mathematician, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences A. T. Fomenko. This work considers questions about a radical revision of world history.

The scientific community has rejected this theory, explaining that it contradicts established facts. Opponents of the "New Chronology" were historians and archaeologists, mathematicians and linguists, astronomers and physicists, as well as scientists representing other sciences.

Introduction of historical forgeries

At the present stage, this process has its own characteristics. Thus, the impact is carried out in a massive way and has a clearly targeted character. The most dangerous fakes for the state have solid sources of funding and are published in huge circulation. These, in particular, include the work of Rezun, who wrote under the pseudonym "Suvorov", as well as Fomenko.

In addition, today the most important source of dissemination of articles about the falsification of history is the Internet. Almost every person has access to it, which contributes to the mass impact of fakes.

Unfortunately, the financing of fundamental historical science does not allow it to provide tangible resistance to the emerging works that are in conflict with the events that actually happened. Academic works are also published in small editions.

Sometimes some Russian historians are also captivated by falsifications. They accept Soviet, anti-Soviet or Western theories. To confirm this, one can recall one of the school history textbooks, in which statements were made that the turning point of World War II was the battle of the American army with the Japanese at Midway Atoll, and not the Battle of Stalingrad.

What are the attacks of counterfeiters? They are aimed at accustoming the Russian people to the thought that they do not have a glorious and great past, and the achievements of their ancestors should not be proud of. The younger generation is turning away from their native history. And such work has its depressing results. After all, the vast majority of today's youth are not interested in history. In this way, Russia is trying to destroy the past and erase the former power from memory. And therein lies a great danger to the country. Indeed, when a people is separated from its cultural and spiritual roots, it simply dies as a nation.

PROBLEMS OF INTERPRETATION OF HISTORY AND OPPOSITION

ATTEMPT TO FALSE RUSSIAN HISTORY

– cand. philosophy Sci., Assoc.. - Associate Professor of the Department of State Duma SKIRO PC and PRO

The resolution of the First All-Russian Congress of Teachers of History and Social Studies (Moscow, Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences, March 31 - April 1, 2011) emphasizes that "historical education is: - the most important and necessary component of personality development, which is not only a way of communication and interaction with others, but also the basis for preparing for a future profession, intellectual and creative development, understanding the laws of the universe; – a strategic resource for the innovative development of Russia, which forms the foundations of citizenship and patriotism”. At the same time, concern was expressed about “a significant decrease in the level of general humanitarian, including historical training of secondary school graduates, which jeopardizes Russia’s ability to reproduce highly qualified personnel who know the history of their country, are able to navigate in modern conditions and have a common identity” (see .: http://*****/blog/articles/articles2011/1374) .

Modern researchers of the problem of falsification of Russian history reasonably note: “our history, our cultural and spiritual heritage is a huge national resource. This is the resource that, unlike mineral wealth, is not wasted. He can only multiply. But attempts to falsify history can lead to the devaluation of this resource.”

It should be noted that the modern concept of falsification of history differs from its interpretation by the historiography of the Soviet period, where the emphasis was on ideological assessments of this or that historical research from the standpoint of the dominant party-state ideology based on a class approach to the analysis of the historical process. Fairness requires that it be noted, however, that with all its inherent shortcomings and unacceptability from the point of view of modern evaluative positions, this approach, according to the recognition of the current high-ranking leaders of modern Russian education, provided t. "allied" relations between the then mass media and the educational community of teachers of history and social science. So, according to a fair remark, “Before, television helped the school, supplemented it. Today, unfortunately, it is rare. Most often, these vectors turn out to be literally perpendicular. And physics says that work is the product of the force vector by the displacement vector and by the cosine of the angle between them. And if the angle is 90%, then the cosine is zero, and the work is zero. Unfortunately, often the results of historical education with perpendicularity between what the teacher is trying to do in the lesson on her own, and what some popular person on the screen does, become equal to zero.

Metaphorically using this phrase “man from the screen” to refer to the social phenomenon of a large-scale presentation of information that does not quite coincide, and sometimes is directly opposite to the settings for the formation of an “ideal portrait of a graduate” of a general school, we can approach a modern understanding of distortions, devoid of ideologized layers. , deformations or falsification of historical knowledge as a factor that can have a significant negative impact on the modern process of school history education.

Falsification of history - a false description of historical events for the sake of a preconceived idea. The goals and motives of historical falsifications can be very diverse: to secure the historical right to a certain territory for this or that people, to justify the legitimacy of the ruling dynasty, to justify the succession of the state in relation to one or another historical predecessor, to “ennoble” the process of ethnogenesis, etc.

According to "Under falsification history is usually understood as the deliberate distortion of historical events for certain, often political purposes. Falsification of history in a narrow pragmatic sense can be defined as a deliberate distortion of historical facts, their biased interpretation, selective quoting and manipulation of sources in order to create a distorted image of historical reality.

The methods of falsifying history are diverse, but in general they can be summarized as follows:

a) direct fabrication of facts and forgery of documents;

b) one-sided selection and arbitrary interpretation of facts, as a result of which links are built between facts that are absent in reality, and conclusions are drawn that are impossible to draw on the basis of a complete picture.

In the second case, all the facts used may correspond to reality, but the conclusions are made with a gross and purposeful violation of the methodological foundations: for example, in order to justify a certain historical character, all sources reporting negative information about him are dismissed as hostile, therefore tendentious, therefore false. (although the hostile source need not, in and of itself, be lying); on the contrary, sources reporting positive facts are accepted without any criticism.

The main directions of falsification of the modern history of Russia in the XX - early XXIcentury

Tendentious interpretation of the events related to the famine in Ukraine in the early 1930s. 20th century (“Holodomor”) under the President.

The problem of "occupation" of the Baltic States in the conditions of the beginning of the Second World War.

Interpretation of the circumstances of the mass execution of Polish officers near Katyn as a key event in Russian-Polish relations.

Substantiation of territorial claims against the Russian Federation based on the falsification of the history of the Second World War, its causes and results (the problem of the Kuril Islands, Kaliningrad, the history of the Soviet-Finnish war - the "unknown war").

Equalization of our country with Nazi Germany in unleashing the Second World War, belittling the role of the USSR in achieving the victory of the countries of the anti-Hitler coalition over the states of the fascist bloc.

Falsification of the history of national relations in our country, aimed at weakening the territorial integrity of the Russian Federation by distorting the history of the entry into Russia of a number of peoples and territories (in particular, the peoples of the Caucasus), at provoking the growth of separatist sentiments in a number of national-state subjects of the Federation (North Caucasus, Tatarstan, etc.).

The introduction into the public consciousness of such "versions" of historical events, which are designed to form a negative image of Russia, provoke the growth of Russophobic sentiments in the world. Example: biased coverage of military events in the summer of 2008 in the Caucasus. There are conflicting versions of the history of the 2008 conflict in the Caucasus (Russia-Georgia) in historiography, which, at the same time, is not a basis for translating these versions into the content of the course of modern Russian history.

The tasks and main directions of the state policy of the Russian Federation to counter attempts to falsify the history of Russia were defined in Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated 01.01.01 No. 000 “On the Commission under the President of the Russian Federation to counter attempts to falsify history to the detriment of Russia's interests” .

The decree of the President of the Russian Federation formulated the tasks of the Commission as a state body entrusted with coordinating the activities of state and public institutions in the field of countering attempts to falsify history. These tasks include in particular:

a) generalization and analysis of information on the falsification of historical facts and events aimed at belittling the international prestige of the Russian Federation, and preparation of relevant reports to the President of the Russian Federation;

b) development of a strategy to counter attempts to falsify historical facts and events, undertaken in order to harm the interests of Russia;

c) preparation of proposals to the President of the Russian Federation on the implementation of measures aimed at countering attempts to falsify historical facts and events that are detrimental to Russia's interests;

d) consideration of proposals and coordination of the activities of federal state authorities, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and organizations on countering attempts to falsify historical facts and events to the detriment of Russia's interests;

Recently it became known that the commission to counter attempts to falsify history to the detriment of Russia's interests has ceased to exist. According to some historians, because she did her job, according to others - because she was not needed at all.

Member of the Commission, Director of the Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences Academician Alexander Chubaryan assesses the results of the Commission's activities positively, believing that it "in three years drew the attention of specialists to the pain points of modern history, contributed to facilitating access to archives and initiated the declassification of documents, .. counteracted the distortion of various historical facts. Its creation was a step towards veterans concerned about the distortions of the history of the Great Patriotic War, and in this respect, her work was also useful.

The director of the St. Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Historical Sciences Viktor Pleshkov, has a different opinion: “The commission was stillborn. Over the years of its existence, it has not done any tangible work aimed at solving the problems facing historical science - facilitating access to archives, financing serious projects related to the publication of documents. Finally, she did not even attempt to raise the question of the need for publishers to conduct an examination of the authenticity of various kinds of “unknown documents” that pop up in “private archives” and “grandmother’s chests”, which are now published in large numbers, as happened, for example, with Beria’s diaries ". On the other hand, the commission evoked sad associations with the Soviet era - suddenly circulars began to be sent to scientific institutions with demands to report on the exposure of falsifiers. True, few people took them seriously, but still they had to come up with replies.

Director of the State Hermitage Museum, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Historical Sciences Mikhail Piotrovsky considers the abolition of this structure quite natural: “The commission was dissolved quite rightly. The term "falsification" is unacceptable for professional scientific discussion and for normal political dialogue. He is from the category of propaganda and journalistic. Without different approaches and interpretations, science stands still, and an attempt to "adjust" views on certain historical events was doomed to failure. In addition, conceived by the initiators of its creation as a response to historical and political attacks from our closest neighbors, the commission, alas, had, it seems to me, a counterproductive effect: its existence, albeit inactively harmless, gave rise to talk about the attempts of the state to influence freedom of science. In his opinion, the abolition of the commission, in fact, is a "correction of a mistake."

On the contrary, Alexander Vladimirovich Fomenko, director of the Center for the Study of Competitive Advantages and Alternative Development Strategies, is convinced that « we need to firmly oppose attempts at malicious intellectual and emotional influence on our historical memory.”

Orlov, director of the MGIMO Institute for International Studies (U) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, emphasizes: “The struggle for historical truth today is not just a dispute over the interpretation of certain events or documents. The stakes are immeasurably higher. For Russians, this is a struggle for national identity.”

To understand the phenomenon of falsification of history, it is necessary to take into account that in modern Russia there is no single official (“state”) version of the historical process. The scientific community, on the basis of consensus, determines the dominant version of the historical process in science within the framework of the methodological direction, which becomes the basis for building the author's line of history textbooks. At the same time, it is quite legitimate to form several author lines of history textbooks, which can be built on the basis of different methodological directions.

Thus, the construction of educational literature on the basis of author's versions and interpretations of the historical past is not a sign of falsification of history, conscious myth-making. This feature of the construction of educational literature on history is due to the very nature of historical knowledge and historical education.

The fundamental feature of historical knowledge is due to the fact that the knowledge of history is based on the author's (subjective in nature) versions of historical events and interpretations of historical sources, the information of which makes it possible to reconstruct historical events. At the same time, the reliability of the results of historical research is verified using special procedures that are used by professional historians (critical analysis of sources, etc.).

The content of school history education should address issues related to attempts to falsify the history of Russia. In modern conditions, the role of a history teacher as a citizen and a professional is increasing, who must have a well-formed methodological culture, competence in the field of ability to counteract factors that falsify historical knowledge, and thereby ensure the achievement of substantive results in the implementation of educational programs in history and social science.

See: Podberezkin at the scientific-practical conference of MGIMO (U) of the Russian Foreign Ministry "Counteracting attempts to falsify history to the detriment of Russia's interests)" http://*****/vol6/book62/index. phtml

See: Kalina at the scientific and practical conference of MGIMO (U) of the Russian Foreign Ministry "Counteracting attempts to falsify history to the detriment of Russia's interests)" http://*****/vol6/book62/index. phtml

See: Vyazemsky falsification of history in educational literature http://www. *****/index. php? id=934

See: ibid.

Kirsanov's falsification of history: how it really happened. http://*****/statty/1jjqipjw73172rmhtjr8.html

See: Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 000 dated February 14, 2012 On approval of the composition of the commission under the President of the Russian Federation for the formation and training of a reserve of managerial personnel, amendment and invalidation of certain acts of the President of the Russian Federation

See: Kantor Yu. Without falsifications: the "historical" commission under the president was dissolved // MN. – March 20 - No. | http://*****/society_history//.html

See: Fomenko at the scientific and practical conference of MGIMO (U) of the Russian Foreign Ministry "Counteracting attempts to falsify history to the detriment of Russia's interests)" http://*****/vol6/book62/index. phtml

"Falsification of the history of the Great Patriotic War

at the present stage"

11B student

MAOU Ryazan "Lyceum No. 4"

mentor: Popova L.V.,

teacher of history and social studies

Every nation has its own dramatic periods and events in the history. In today's Russia, we are faced with a very fierce struggle for historical heritage.

The topic of falsification of history is one of the most topical areas in modern politics. The information war and the falsification of history in practice are a single whole, since this distortion is the information war.

One of the objects of falsifiers is the history of the Great Patriotic War, which is the pride of our people and continues to unite and unite the country. In their desire to shake this pillar, the efforts of both foreign and domestic falsifiers are closely intertwined. Today, growing in intensity and bitterness, a real war for the Great Patriotic War is going on.

Purpose of the study: to study the unknown sides of the falsification of the Great Patriotic War, to find its main directions, to consider this problem from the point of view of the countries of Europe and the CIS that took part in the war.

Research objectives:

1) consider the main lessons of the Great Patriotic War for us, modern Russians, the side of their falsification;

2) designate and analyze the methods and schemes of falsifying the war;

3) find supporters of the fight against falsification and distortion of the events of the Great Patriotic War.

Research methods: study of educational, scientific, journalistic literature; analysis of sources, information sources of the global Internet.

Research sources: books, monographs, newspaper and magazine articles and Internet sites on the designated problem.

The main directions of falsification of the Great Patriotic War

Modern directions of falsification of the Great Patriotic War can be subdivided into three directions with some degree of conventionality.

First- those falsifications that are born abroad.

Second direction falsification is distortion of historical events in the post-Soviet space. It has long been no secret that in every former Soviet Union republic, and now an independent state, there is an active process of rewriting history. The goal is to quarrel with the heirs of our common Victory in 1945, with those who, together with us, fought against fascism shoulder to shoulder.

Finally, our domestic counterfeiters- it's already third direction. It is heterogeneous: among the falsifiers there are people who do not have knowledge about that war, at best superficially represent what they say on radio and TV, write in the media and on the Internet.

Another, fourth direction- this is when on the pages of our press the issue of human losses is actively discussed on both sides.

Another serious problem that directly concerns the falsifications of the war is the problem of the historiography of the Great Patriotic War. A huge amount of literature has been published and continues to be published, including about front-line heroes and home front workers. Not all published literature is scientific and objective in nature, in this regard, attempts are made to historiographical analysis.

I. Schemes and methods of falsifying the events of the Great Patriotic War

During the entire time from 1941 to 1945, falsifiers from different countries find more and more field of activity to distort history, but here are some of the most attractive and most common distorted moments:

1) falsifiers, following Goebbel's propaganda, accuse the USSR of preparing an attack on Germany, of being equally responsible with Germany for unleashing World War II, distorting the role of the Soviet Union in World War II;

2) the idea of ​​the identity of the Soviet system and the Nazi one is being carried out. Communism and Nazism, fascism and Stalinism are one and the same for them, and the victory was achieved by the people in defiance of Stalin's system;

3) there is a belittling of the role of the Soviet-German front in the defeat of fascist Germany and its allies, in the liberation of Europe from the fascist yoke;

4) belittling the level of Soviet military art and military talent of Soviet military leaders. Victory, allegedly, was achieved at the cost of huge sacrifices and losses. It is argued that the USSR did not win, but lost in the war, because the price of victory is too high;

5) deheroization of Soviet soldiers who accomplished feats, and, conversely, praise of traitors, SS men, collaborators, etc.;

6) losses of the parties, deliberate exaggeration by politicians and officials of the victims of the war, not only from the USSR, but also from the fascists.

First the scheme of distortion of history can be given the conditional name "third force". The authors of this scheme argue that in addition to the countries of the anti-Hitler coalition and Hitler's allies, a certain "third force" participated in the war, which fought against both Hitler and Stalin.

Let's move on to second scheme of distortion of the history of the Great Patriotic War. It lies in the fact that they are trying to take away the merit of the Victory from the USSR and transfer it to our allies. Some authors have agreed to the point that the victories of the Red Army are explained only by the fact that its commanders did not spare the soldiers, and the defeats of our allies are justified by the fact that they spared these soldiers. Thus, they are trying to prove that the USSR won only due to numerical superiority.

essence third scheme distortion of the history of the Great Patriotic War lies in the assertion that the Soviet people won not thanks to, but in spite of the leadership of the CPSU.

Falsification of the history of the Great Patriotic War

in the post-Soviet space

The campaign to rewrite history and revise the results of the Great Patriotic War was especially widespread in the Baltic republics - Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia. Anti-Sovietism and extreme nationalism have taken root here at the state level.

Every year on the day of legionnaires of the SS troops on March 16, solemn processions of the unfinished Nazis and their young descendants take place in the capitals of these Baltic states.

In Moldova, after the nationalists came to power, the slanderers and falsifiers of the Great Patriotic War received complete freedom, declaring that, following the results of the war, Moldova is not among the victorious states, but is a defeated country.

In Ukraine, the falsification of the history of the state and the history of the Second World War and the Great Patriotic War during the years of President Yushchenko and his entourage in power and in the subsequent period openly and more actively, especially in the western regions of Ukraine, political organizations began to operate that profess neo-fascist ideology. With the help of the media and their own cadres, radical nationalists instill it among young people, distort and falsify the history of the war, promote a cult of violence in society, and incite ethnic hatred.

The falsification of history has long been a "calling card" of the official Ukrainian historiography of World War II. This process began back in the 1990s, when representatives of the former Ukrainian Soviet republican historiography began the process of “nationalization” of historical memory, which eventually led to the formation of the concept of so-called “Ukrainian-centrism”.

Bandera's ideology, with the direct encouragement of the Ukrainian state, began to penetrate into the southern and eastern regions of the country.

A particularly sharp surge in falsification occurred after the collapse of the USSR in 1991. These processes have not bypassed Belarus either.

In the period from 1992 to the present, several provocative and distorted magazines have been created and released to the public, and, what is most offensive, textbooks, manuals, it seems that there was no courageous struggle of the Belarusian people against the Nazi invaders.

the authors introduced the term “people's guerrilla war” into scientific circulation instead of the previous term “nationwide guerrilla struggle”, meaning “the struggle of partisans and traitors of the Motherland among themselves.” It is also said that many people from Belarus became victims of Soviet terror.

As can be seen from the above examples, in Belarus, under the guise of the ideology of creating a new Belarusian statehood, the history of the Great Patriotic War is being rewritten.

The falsifiers of modern Russia

One of the most active falsifiers of the history of the Great Patriotic War, Professor Boris Sokolov, who until recently was the head of one of the departments of the Russian State Social University, is distinguished by incredible fertility. He owns the fiction of the losses of our military personnel.

A prominent place among the falsifiers of the history of the Great Patriotic War is occupied by the St. Petersburg professor Kirill Alexandrov, who is inextricably linked with the emigrant organizations of the war and post-war period. At the age of 17, in 1989, he joined the People's Labor Union - as soon as membership in it ceased to be a criminal act. For a long time he worked in the archives of the USA and Germany, and as a result he wrote a Ph.D. thesis on the topic “Armed formations of the Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia in 1944-45.” The work is aimed at the complete rehabilitation of the traitors who embarked on the path of cooperation with the Nazi military machine.

But, of course, the first place among the falsifiers of the history of the Great Patriotic War belongs to Vladimir Rezun, hiding under the pseudonym "Viktor Suvorov." He was once a member of the Soviet military intelligence - the GRU. But already on his first trip to Switzerland in the mid-seventies, he came to the attention of British intelligence, which, using his personal qualities - greed and cowardice - was able to recruit him and persuade him to betray. Once in the UK in 1978, V. Rezun agreed to use his name as the author of books and other publications. These were "works" composed in the depths of British intelligence to conduct a psychological war against the USSR. With the beginning of perestroika and a sharp weakening of state immunity, the “works” of Rezun-Suvorov poured into the unprotected Russian book market. V. Rezun is still listed as a citizen of our country, although his English master leads his hand. In publications on his behalf, the main directions in the falsification of the history of the Great Patriotic War are clearly visible, which to this day mark the front line of the endless battle between truth and falsehood.

A distinctive feature of falsifiers is the complete disregard for archival materials, or a strict selection of those that correspond to the achievement of a previously formulated task. They completely abstract from moral criteria.

Whatever aspect of the history of the Great Patriotic War we take up, dirty traces of falsifier vandals are everywhere visible. One of their favorite topics is the claim that Lend-Lease supplies were almost the decisive factor in the victory of the USSR. We have never denied the value and usefulness of Lend-Lease military supplies, but we must know the measure in evaluating this aid. The falsifiers of the history of the war like to talk about the low quality of our military equipment, about the poor training of tank crews and pilots.

Falsification of the losses of the USSR.

How many losses in the Great Patriotic War really?

Back in Soviet times, the history of the war was overgrown with a great many falsifications. The first and most important falsification concerned the number of casualties of the Soviet Union and Germany.

Stalin in 1946 introduced the figure of 7 million people as the size of Soviet military losses, and it was understood that it included the victims of both the Red Army and the civilian population. Where this number came from is still unknown. Most likely, Stalin took it from the ceiling.

During the time of Khrushchev, a new figure for Soviet losses during the war of 1941-1945 was lowered from above: 20 million people.

A new figure of 27 million who died in the war appeared in the era of perestroika.

The closest to the truth seems to be an estimate of 26.3 - 26.9 million people, with the caveat that its accuracy is still small, plus or minus five million, but there are still no methods to improve the accuracy of estimates of Soviet irretrievable losses in the Great Patriotic War. The total losses of the USSR in the Great Patriotic War are estimated at 43.3 million people, of which 16.4 - 17.0 million people fall on the civilian population.

Lessons of the Great Patriotic War

This chapter of my work contains conclusions about the lessons of the Great Patriotic War that are very important for the current Russian people, namely for young people, which we, as descendants, must remember and know. There are not so many of them, but they are all important for us. The relevance and significance of these lessons are undeniable. Let's consider them.

1. boundless faith in one's people, in one's Fatherland, is self-reliance, skillful use of one's own capabilities. Without exaggeration, we can say that this is the most important lesson of the war, because it was this approach that predetermined our Victory.

2. The experience of war teaches that successes at the front and in the rear were possible thanks to the cohesion of society, the unity of the people and the army. The people believed in the correctness of the policy and practical activities of the country's leadership, supported him. The authority of state power in the eyes of the population was enormous. And this should be emphasized, because then, contrary to all sorts of fabrications, the interests and goals of the people and the leadership basically coincided. The main thing that united and inspired people was the defense and salvation of the Fatherland. The whole life and activity of the country, the Soviet people obeyed the call: "Everything for the front, everything for victory!" The goal was clear and obvious. The people rose to a just Patriotic War.

3. The next lesson is that the issues of strengthening the country's defense, increasing the combat readiness of the Armed Forces should be in the center of attention of the people and the leadership of the state. An appeal to the times of the Great Patriotic War is a good opportunity to recall that in order to repel any possible aggression and reliably ensure the country's security, a sufficiently powerful and combat-ready army and navy are needed. High vigilance is needed against the insidious plans of potential adversaries. Compassion and carelessness are unacceptable. It is necessary to improve the military-patriotic education of the population, especially the youth.

These, in my opinion, are the main lessons of the Great Patriotic War. Their significance is undeniable for modern Russia. Their knowledge and consideration in practical activities is of great importance. The experience of the war orients us towards the search for agreement in the name of common goals, towards the achievement of the unity and cohesion of society, the political and economic stability of the country. This is a sure and effective way of the speedy revival of the Russian state, the growth of its economic and military might, and the strengthening of its prestige and positions in the international arena.

Conclusion

The main conclusion of my research is a statement of the fact that falsification is increasing, and the territory in which it is distributed is also growing. We, modern people, forget about the lessons given to us by the war, about its significance, about its tragedies, about the victories of people over fascism, but this should never be done!

This work allowed me to get better acquainted with the problems of historiography, with the directions and content of falsifications. I tried to learn how to distinguish reliable historical information from distorted ones, I learned and voiced the names of falsifiers known in our time not only on the territory of the Russian Federation, but also outside our country. The practical significance of my work lies in the fact that the information I have obtained can be used at educational events for the new young generation, it is possible to use some information in history lessons .. But, unfortunately, it is impossible to explore and find out everything. And so some very important questions remained unanswered.

Who was the first forger?

Who is comfortable and needs falsification?

Why was falsification not so widespread before the collapse of the USSR?

I would like to know more about all this.

In conclusion, I will express my subjective, but very principled opinion on the problem of the falsification of the Great Patriotic War and on the problem of the lessons it taught us.

I am convinced that all worthy sons of the victorious peoples in this terrible war must, first of all, respect themselves, their glorious ancestors, and not allow the blessed memory of the soldiers-liberators from fascism to be defiled. Today's people need to try their best to prevent the distortion of events, and hence the humiliation of the peoples themselves.

We, the citizens of our country, must preserve our history, no matter how bitter and terrible it may be, remembering that victory in the Great Patriotic War is the property of all countries of the former USSR.

Of course, the fact that the government should also watch this area vigilantly and not allow the history of an entire nation to be distorted, political troubles and disputes should fade into the background, to the problem of falsification and distortion of Russian history. This should be a purposeful struggle against evil, the struggle of the entire people led by the authorities, and not just the centers of patriotism that we are seeing now.

Modern falsifiers, speculating on the difficulties of historical knowledge, seek to distort or even completely destroy the historical memory of the people. All of them are driven either by selfish or political motives. Of course, these fakes will not last long, but they can cause irreparable harm to the minds of young people, destroy the connection between generations, sow enmity and distrust in their fathers and grandfathers in the souls of people. This must not be allowed. It's time to stop being ashamed to speak the truth. Now, when that war is being turned into an ideological weapon against our country, we are especially interested in revealing the whole truth about that war. Winning it is a matter of our pride. Let us recall the words of Julius Fucik: “People, be vigilant! Don't forget the good or the bad!"

The lessons of the Second World War and the main directions of its falsification

The main lessons of the Second World War, their relevance today

The results of the Second World War led the peoples of the world to realize the danger posed by wars, especially world wars, to the understanding that they should be excluded from the life of society.

What are the main lessons of the Second World War and its constituent part - the Great Patriotic War?

The first and most important of them is that Victory in the Great Patriotic War was achieved only thanks to the spiritual strength and stamina of the Soviet people and army. The faith of the people in their Fatherland, in the just nature of the war was an important factor that made it possible to defeat fascism.

Deep patriotism has always been and remains a hallmark of the Russian people. It manifested itself especially brightly during the Great Patriotic War, became the basis of the spiritual and moral superiority of the Soviet Union over Nazi Germany.

Patriotism was a powerful source of mass heroism, unprecedented stamina, courage and selflessness, selfless devotion to the Motherland of Soviet people at the front and in the rear, labor exploits of workers, peasants and intelligentsia.

Having lost patriotism as a fundamental, basic component in the system of spiritual values ​​traditional for Russia and the national pride and dignity associated with it, we will lose the most powerful incentive to defend the Fatherland, we will lose the ability to achieve great things.

The second important lesson of the war is that successes at the front and in the rear were possible only thanks to the cohesion of society, the unity of the people and the army. The Great Patriotic War is rightfully called a truly national, Patriotic War.

The main thing that united and inspired people was the need to protect and save the Fatherland. Thanks to the policy of internationalism during the war years, all the peoples of the Soviet Union came out against the enemy as a united front. This allowed the country to withstand and defeat a strong and insidious aggressor.

Today, the relevance of this lesson is undeniable. He recalls that the friendship and mutual assistance of peoples is the source of their strength and well-being. For example, the current political situation in the world urgently requires, within the framework of the Commonwealth of Independent States, to actively and effectively carry out deep integration of the participating countries in all areas, including defense. We are talking about looking for and finding worthy answers to common threats and challenges in close cooperation. This is the only way to achieve lasting collective security for the Commonwealth.

The third lesson of the war is that the issues of strengthening the country's defense, increasing the combat readiness and combat effectiveness of the Armed Forces must constantly be in the center of attention of the state leadership.

Turning back to the times of the Second World War is a good opportunity to remember that in order to repel any possible aggression and reliably ensure the country's security, a powerful and combat-ready army and navy are required.

With the end of the Cold War, the tense confrontation between the two most powerful military-political blocs, led by the USSR and the USA, ceased. However, this does not mean that the military danger, especially the danger of local military conflicts, has disappeared for Russia, the legal successor of the Soviet Union.

In order to resist it, it is necessary to carefully and deeply analyze the situation in the world and the changes taking place in it, to foresee the nature of a possible war, its possible scale and duration. To unravel the intentions of a potential adversary, a thorough analysis and evaluation of various options for his actions is necessary. The ability to draw correct conclusions from this will increase the combat readiness of the Armed Forces.

As is known, the underestimation of the role of strategic defense in the military theory of the USSR, the focus on defeating the enemy on its territory and "little bloodshed" in the pre-war period led to tragic consequences at the initial stage of the Great Patriotic War.

Assessing him Marshal of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov noted: “During the reworking of operational plans in the spring of 1941, the features of conducting a modern war in its initial period were practically not fully taken into account. The People's Commissar of Defense and the General Staff believed that the war between such major powers as Germany and the Soviet Union should begin according to the previously existing scheme: the main forces enter the battle a few days after the border battles. Fascist Germany was placed on the same terms with us as regards the terms of concentration and deployment. In fact, both the forces and the conditions were far from being equal.

Only the high level of military art of the commanders of the Red Army, the good training of domestic military personnel made it possible, at the cost of the greatest losses in four years, to correct the miscalculations made in the first days and months of the war.

The conclusion from this experience is obvious: in matters of military construction, it is necessary to proceed from a real assessment of the military threats existing in the world. It depends on what kind of war the Armed Forces should be prepared for and what tasks they will have to solve.

The fourth lesson of the Second World War clearly speaks of the need to prevent the slightest manifestation of the ideology of fascism and its varieties in society.
The lessons of the past teach: when fascism acquires a state base for its existence, when a powerful military machine is in its hands, the fascist government and its leaders begin to pose a mortal threat to the existence of the rest of mankind.

Unfortunately, despite the complete defeat of fascism in World War II and the decisions of the Nuremberg Tribunal, half a century later, neo-fascist and extremist groups and organizations revived in a number of states, primarily in the Baltic states. And although their numbers are small, as a rule, they are associated with powerful circles in politics and economics, they are trying to actively introduce fascist ideology into the minds of people, especially young people. The manifestations of modern fascism should be counteracted primarily by criminal law measures, as well as measures aimed at identifying and eliminating the causes and conditions conducive to the implementation of extremist activity.

The fifth lesson from the experience of the Second World War is that only the collective efforts of states and peoples, the efforts of international organizations, can prevent an impending war. The disunity of the peace-loving forces in the West as a whole and in Germany itself in the mid-1930s allowed the Nazis to unleash a war.

In order to prevent this, the powers must be responsible for the choice of tactical and strategic allies in resolving issues of the military security of the country, the region and the world as a whole.

The Second World War showed that the policy of states or their coalition can be successful only when it is based on the mutual trust of the allies, based on a combination of economic, socio-political, ideological and defense factors.

The sixth lesson of the Second World War: the victory over fascism was achieved thanks to the powerful economic base of the states - members of the anti-Hitler coalition.

For example, the Soviet economy, later strengthened by Lend-Lease supplies, successfully provided the Soviet-German front with everything necessary throughout the war.

The conclusion that victory in any war, ensuring national security and defense of the state is possible only with a powerful economy and a powerful military-industrial complex, is still relevant today.

The lessons of the Second World War not only have not lost their relevance decades after its end, but have also acquired great significance. Today they are guiding mankind towards the search for agreement in the name of common goals, towards achieving unity and cohesion, political and economic stability in the world.

Falsification of the history of the Great Patriotic War

Throughout the post-war period, the events and results of the Great Patriotic War were repeatedly subjected to various “revisions” and revisions by the political and military leaders of a number of foreign states, former German military leaders, etc. The theme of the results of World War II is still the subject of acute ideological, scientific, informational and psychological confrontation in domestic and world historiography. In this dispute, distortions, bias in the assessment of events, and sometimes lies are often allowed.

The main stumbling block was the following points: the history of the pre-war period in the world, the military art of the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War, the role and significance of the Soviet-German and other fronts of World War II, the losses in the war of various sides, and others.

Pseudo-scientific and pseudo-historical concepts, views on these and other issues throughout the entire post-war period were replicated in thousands of books, articles, were reflected in television programs and films. Now such interpretations of history, far from the truth, can be found in large numbers on the global information network Internet.

Their goal is obvious: to shield the true culprits of the war, to belittle the contribution of the USSR and its Armed Forces to the defeat of the fascist bloc, to denigrate the liberation mission of the Red Army, to cast doubt on the geopolitical results of World War II.

Unfortunately, a wave of "new interpretations" of the past has swept through public consciousness in Russia itself. Since the beginning of the 90s of the last century, a part of the Russian scientific, journalistic and writers' community has been involved in the process of rewriting history. At the same time, the main blow is dealt to the minds of young people, and distorted views on the events of the Great Patriotic War have penetrated, sadly, even into school history books.

What are the main areas of falsification of the history and results of the Great Patriotic War can be identified?

The first direction is a deliberate underestimation of the role and significance of the Soviet-German front in World War II and the contribution of the USSR to the Victory.

Adherents of this theory admit that the Soviet Union took on a heavy burden in the war and played a significant role in the defeat of Nazi Germany and militaristic Japan. But at the same time, they argue that he was not the main "architect of the Victory" and the laurels of glory should go to the United States and England, who supposedly made the greatest contribution to achieving victory.

Justifying this concept, some American historians insist that the war became a world war only from the moment the United States entered it, that is, from December 7, 1941, and this turned out to be a decisive factor that changed the course of World War II. The American military historian Colonel E. Dupuy (Trevor Nevitt Dupuy, 1916 - 1995) begins his book on the war with the events at Pearl Harbor and does not hide the fact that his goal is that "the reader ... appreciate the decisive role of the United States in victory of the free world over the forces of totalitarianism.

To prove the decisive role of the United States in the victory over the "axis" countries, the so-called "arsenal of democracy" theory was invented. According to her, such an arsenal was the American military economy, the industrial potential of the United States, which served as a supplier of a huge amount of weapons and military equipment for all countries of the anti-Hitler coalition. However, the widespread version that the victory of the Soviet Union over Nazi Germany was largely determined by US lend-lease supplies is clearly exaggerated. Everyone knows that during the war years such supplies amounted to only about 4% of the military production of the USSR. In addition, deliveries were carried out irregularly, with long interruptions.

In addition, as English historians D. Barber and M. Garrison rightly noted, Lend-Lease “... was never an act of charity ... While Germany controlled the continent from the English Channel to Central Russia, the Russians remained the only who fought directly against the German ground forces, and it was in the Western Allies' own interest to assist them."

Already during the war years and immediately after it, American historians considered the events on the Soviet-German front, without touching on the question of their influence on the overall course of hostilities. At the same time, the results of the combat operations of the American-British troops in various theaters of military operations (in the Pacific Ocean, North Africa, Italy, France) were exaggerated in every possible way.

For example, the American historian X. Baldwin believes that 11 battles (“great campaigns”) decided the outcome of World War II. He refers to them the battle in Poland in 1939, the battle for Britain in 1940, the landing on the island of Crete in 1941, the battle for the island of Corregidor in 1942, the battle for Tarawa in 1943, the landings in Sicily and Normandy in 1943-1944 years, the naval battle in Leyte Gulf in 1944, the Ardennes and Okinawa in 1945. Of the battles won by the Red Army, he names only the Battle of Stalingrad.

The developers of the "concept of decisive battles" do not mention Moscow, Kursk and other great battles of the Soviet troops at all.

A variation on the "decisive battle" theory is the "turning point" theory, which aims to prove the decisive role of the US military in bringing about a turning point in World War II.

For example, the American historian T. Carmichael believes that a radical turning point in the war occurred in late 1942 - early 1943, including El Alamein, Tunisia, Stalingrad and the naval battle in the Barents Sea among such "turning points". At the same time, the landing of a reinforced division of the American Marine Corps on the island of Guadalcanal in August 1942 is referred to as the "start of the counteroffensive in the Pacific", although in strategic terms it was of particular importance.

There are other options for the number and names of both "decisive battles" and "turning points", but the naval battle of Midway Island in June 1942 stands out as "one of the truly decisive events of the war", as a result of which the Japanese fleet was defeated, but its superiority in the Pacific was not eliminated. The battle itself also did not have a serious impact on the overall course of the Second World War.

In any case, and this is the essence of the theory, when the vast majority of "decisive battles" and "turning points" are attributed to those fronts where the fighting was conducted by the Anglo-American troops.

The distortion of the role of the Soviet Union in World War II is closely connected with the tendentious definition of the sources and preconditions for the victory of the Soviet Union over the fascist-militarist bloc. Their scientific analysis is often replaced by fictions that hide the true reasons for the success of the Red Army.

So, a number of German historians are trying to substantiate the version that the Soviet Union was completely unprepared to repel fascist aggression, and its victories over Germany are explained by “military happiness”. To explain the reasons for the defeat of the Wehrmacht, they even developed a special theory of "accidents". As a rule, they include among such accidents the unfavorable weather and climatic conditions of the Soviet Union for the Nazi troops, the large extent of its territory, miscalculations and mistakes of Hitler as a political and military leader.

Attempts are also being made to belittle the level of Soviet military art and the spiritual and moral potential of the peoples of the USSR, mass heroism, exceptional stamina, courage and courage of Soviet soldiers in the fight against the enemy are denied.

All these false theories are baseless. The truth is that the main burden of the armed struggle in World War II fell on the Soviet Union, and the Soviet-German front was the main, decisive one in it. It was on this front that the main battles of the Great Patriotic War took place, it is this front that has no equal in terms of the number of forces involved, the duration and intensity of the armed struggle, its spatial scope and final results.

The number of losses of the Soviet Union in the war and the cost of victory are the second most important controversial point in the interpretation of the history of the Second World War.

So, due to the large human and material losses of the USSR, some historians generally question the significance of the Victory he achieved.

Under the pretext of establishing the truth, other authors name their unsubstantiated figures of human losses and try to present the losses of the aggressor as less than they actually were. In this way, they distort historical truth, they seek to deliberately belittle the feat of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War.

Meanwhile, the rechecking of statistical data, carried out in 1988 - 1993 by the commission of the USSR Ministry of Defense, headed by Colonel General G.F. Krivoshee, and data published in the latest unique reference publication “The Great Patriotic War without a secrecy stamp. The Book of Losses / G.F. Krivosheee, V.M. Andronikov, P.D. Burikov. - M.: Veche, 2009., confirm the previously obtained research results.

The losses of both military personnel and the civilian population of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War, determined by accounting, statistical and balance methods, ultimately amount to 26.6 million people. Irreversible demographic losses of the Armed Forces of the USSR (killed, died from wounds and diseases, died as a result of accidents, shot by military tribunals, did not return from captivity), recorded by the headquarters of all instances and military medical institutions during the years of the Great Patriotic War (including campaign in the Far East), amounted to 8 million 668 thousand 400 military personnel on the payroll.

These sacrifices were not in vain. This is a forced payment for the most precious thing - the freedom and independence of the Motherland, the salvation of many countries from enslavement, a sacrifice in the name of establishing peace on Earth.

The controversy surrounding the version of the "preventive" nature of Germany's war against the USSR does not subside.

The essence of this version lies in the fact that in 1941 the Soviet Union allegedly concentrated a powerful grouping of its troops on the western border and prepared the Red Army's invasion of Europe through Germany. Thus, he, they say, provoked a preemptive strike by Hitler, who, in order to "protect himself and other Western countries," was forced to start a preventive war against the USSR.

This version of the beginning of the war was first heard on June 22, 1941, in a statement by the German ambassador to the USSR, Count Friedrich-Werner von der Schullenburg, handed over to the Soviet government, and in a memorandum handed over by German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop on the same day to Soviet Ambassador V.G. Dekanozov in Berlin after the invasion.

In addition, the version of the “preventive nature” of the war of Nazi Germany against the USSR was intensively promoted by many Nazi generals in their memoirs dedicated to World War II.

It should be emphasized that these statements are far from the truth and do not reflect the objective reality. The course of events of that time, historical facts and documents completely refute the judgments about the allegedly forced invasion of the Germans into the territory of the Soviet Union.

The myth of the "preemptive attack" was exposed at the Nuremberg Trials. The former head of the German press and broadcasting, Hans Fritsche, admitted that he organized a massive campaign of anti-Soviet propaganda, trying to convince the public that not Germany, but the USSR was to blame for this war.

Preparing a campaign to the East, Hitler attached great importance not only to the creation of strategic offensive bridgeheads, not only to solving material, technical, resource and food problems at the expense of third countries, but also to favorable propaganda support for his actions. It was in the depths of the Hitlerite propaganda machine that the myths arose about the "Soviet threat", about "Soviet expansionism", about the USSR's desire to establish control over Eastern and South-Eastern Europe, about the "preventive" nature of the Barbarossa plan, about the "hostility" of the Soviet system to small peoples, about the "liberation mission" of the German Reich in the East, etc.

The legend of the "preventive war" is exposed by the analysis of the content of the plans "Barbarossa", "Ost" and other numerous Nazi documents extracted from the German archives. They reveal the Wehrmacht's secret preparations for an attack on the USSR and testify to the aggressive essence of fascism's plans against the USSR.

An analysis of the entire set of documents and the specific activities of the top Soviet leadership testifies to the absence of plans for a preventive war in the USSR. None of the more than 3 thousand orders of the people's commissars of defense (K. Voroshilov and S. Timoshenko) from 1937 to June 21, 1941, and none of the operational plans of the western border military districts of 1941 contain even a hint of preparations for an attack on Germany. Had it been carried out in reality, it would inevitably have had an effect on the assignment of missions to the troops and the planning of combat training.

Another persistent myth of the Second World War is about the "expansion" of the USSR to the West, its desire for territorial conquests during the liberation of the countries of Europe and Asia.

Attempts are being made to present the liberation mission of the Red Army in the countries of Europe and Asia as a communist expansion, as an attempt to interfere in the internal affairs of other countries and peoples, to impose a social system that is objectionable to them. However, even at the very beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the Soviet government emphasized that the goal of the struggle of the USSR against the fascist oppressors was not only to eliminate the danger hanging over the country, but also to help all the peoples of Europe, groaning under the yoke of German fascism.

When the Red Army entered the territory of other countries, the Government of the USSR was guided by the treaties and agreements that existed at that time, which corresponded to the norms of international law.

Knowledge of the main directions of falsification of history, showing their anti-science are the key to an effective struggle against the distortion of the true course of events of the Second World War.

Guidelines
In the introductory part, it is necessary to emphasize that today in a huge flow of information one often comes across facts of a biased interpretation of the history of the Second World War. The main goal of the parties interested in this is to revise its geopolitical results. In practice, this can be seen, for example, in Japan's unfounded territorial claims regarding the Kuril Islands, which were ceded to the Soviet Union following the war.

Opening the first question, it is important to note that the lessons of the Second World War are still important today for preventing wars and maintaining the Armed Forces in proper combat readiness.

When considering the second question, it should be emphasized that the approaches of today's falsifiers of the history of the Second World War date back to the developments of the propaganda apparatus of the Third Reich.

It should be added that an effective way to counter attempts to falsify history is the widespread introduction of new historical documents, including declassified ones, into scientific circulation.

In conclusion, it should be noted that in order to combat the facts of distorting history in our country, a Commission was created under the President of the Russian Federation to counter attempts to falsify history to the detriment of Russia's interests.

1. History of the Second World War 1939 - 1945. In 12 volumes. T. 12. - M., 1982.

2. Zakharin I., Strelnikov V. Lessons from the Second World War and the main directions of its falsification. // Reference point. - 2005. - No. 4.

3. Gareev M. Battles on the military-historical front. - M., 2008.

4. Kulkov E., Rzheshevsky O., Chelyshev I. Truth and lies about the Second World War. - M., 1988.

Lieutenant Colonel Dmitry Samosvat.
Reserve Lieutenant Colonel, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences Alexei Kurshev
Landmark 06.2011

Falsification. This disease appeared along with history itself, it manifested itself both in Russia and in the world at all periods, under all rulers and regimes. But at the end of the progressive twentieth century and now in the enlightened twenty-first century, it has become aggressive, vulgarly impudent, far from the truth. Of course, the basic thing here is the struggle of ideologies and political preferences. But to a large extent, this is due to a good trend towards the openness of archives, the massive publication of documents, and the expanding array of memoirs of the participants in the events.

Konstantin Fedorovich Zatulin, First Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Committee for the Commonwealth of Independent States, Director of the Institute of CIS Countries, rightly noted that “today the falsification of history is on a grand scale, it has a rabid, impudent character, it is inspired by the fact that new, independent states that are trying to find their own understanding of history and very often go the wrong way in these attempts, ready to retroactively credit individuals who are difficult to be proud of as heroes of their liberation.

Under the President of the Russian Federation, by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 25, 2009, a Commission was established to counter attempts to falsify history to the detriment of Russia's interests. The main tasks of the Commission are: generalization and analysis of information on the falsification of historical facts and events aimed at belittling the international prestige of Russia, and preparation of relevant reports to the President of the Russian Federation; development of a strategy to counter attempts to falsify historical facts and events, undertaken in order to damage the interests of our country; preparation of proposals for the implementation of measures aimed at countering attempts to falsify historical facts and events that are detrimental to Russia's interests; consideration of proposals and coordination of the activities of federal state authorities, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Federation and organizations on countering attempts to falsify historical facts and events to the detriment of Russia's interests; development of recommendations for an adequate response to attempts to falsify historical facts and events to the detriment of Russia's interests and to neutralize their possible negative consequences.

No one doubts the need to counter falsification; on the contrary, it is welcomed in every possible way. But the content side of its activities is understood in different ways, in the media, especially on the Internet, quite a lot of conflicting information has been expressed. In this regard, I will give a long quote in which S. E. Narochnitskaya, as a member of this Commission, interpreted its goal in this way: “In general, the Commission’s task is not to develop directives - it does not have a mandate for this, and engage in an "inventory" of problems and mobilize resources - research, information, which could contribute to the conveyance of historical truth and true knowledge on a particular topic, on which a lot of distortions and conjectures have arisen and are being replicated.

Let's say now it's the 65th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War. There is television, there is radio, there are public speeches, lectures, books, thick magazines are published in which this topic is actively discussed. To what extent, based on scientific research and documentary sources, do these information resources disseminate judgments? Are good books and analytics accessible to the general reader and viewer in the true sense of the word? Where can they get acquainted with serious literature or programs in which the facts themselves or archival data would debunk all sorts of myths? does not have such. But to stimulate in society, in the academic and creative environment, a serious and detailed response to all kinds of falsifications, to mobilize information resources for this - this is where the Commission can help. The task is more than relevant, because not only in historiography, but already in the official policy of a number of states, history is used as a powerful ideological tool for forming the most disgusting image of Russia - as an enemy of the whole world and a demon of world history.

The falsifying attitude to the history of our Russia is not a modern manifestation. Back in the 17th century Catherine I the Great far-sightedly remarked: “There is no people about which so many lies and slander would be invented as about the Russian people.” Falsifications, lies and distortions of history sometimes border on racism, chauvinism, Nazism. It is worth recalling that the Soviet Information Bureau published scientifically based materials "Falsifiers of History".

For example, we can refer to a publication that exposed a collection of reports and various entries from the diaries of Hitler's diplomatic officials, published by the State Department of the United States of America in cooperation with the British and French Foreign Ministries, providing this collection with the mysterious title "Nazi-Soviet Relations 1939-1941. » .

It is possible to fight falsifications of historical facts, first of all, by professional source study analysis, attraction and discovery of new documents. Emotions, namely, they overwhelmed those who agree and those who disagree, the prosecution and the defense, together with the chairman of the court session that went on for half a year on the fifth channel of television, the historical talk show "Court of Time" - a bad and unacceptable method in the search for historical truth. History requires a conceptual approach. At the same time, historian Igor Shumeiko, the author of the bestseller World War II. Reloading”, applying precisely the conceptual approach to the knowledge of the falsification of history, argues that today the struggle against falsifications, for the truth of history has actually moved into the sphere of interpretations, interpretations of facts.

Quite rightly noted. The Commission for Combating Attempts to Falsify History to the Detriment of Russia’s Interests, which was first established under the President of the Russian Federation, includes 28 people: the head of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation - the chairman of the Commission, the deputy chairmen of the Commission - the Deputy Minister of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and the assistant to the Head of the Presidential Administration, the executive secretary of the Department of the Office of the President for Internal Policy, members of the Commission - Head of the Office of the President for Interregional and Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries, Deputy Head of the Office of the President for Foreign Policy, Head of the Referent Office of the President, Deputy Ministers of Justice, Culture, Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Director of the Department of the Ministry of Regional Development ( Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation), Deputy Head of the Federal Agency for Education (Rosobrazovanie, under the Ministry of Education and Science), Deputy Head of the Federal Agency for Science and Innovation ation (Rosnauka), Deputy Director of the Federal Service for Technical and Export Control (FSTEC of Russia), also Executive Secretary of the Interdepartmental Commission for the Protection of State Secrets, Head of the Federal Archival Agency (Rosarchiv), Deputy Head of the Federal Agency for Press and Mass Communications (Rospechat) , Deputy Head of the Federal Agency for Youth Affairs (Rosmolodezh), Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - First Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, Head of the Foreign Intelligence Service of Russia, Head of the Federal Security Service of Russia, Deputy Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation, and also in agreement with the relevant structures - First Deputy Chairman of the Committee of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation for the Commonwealth of Independent States and Relations with Compatriots, Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Committee for Public Associations and Religious Organizations, First Deputy Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, Director of the Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director of the Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chairman of the Commission on Interethnic Relations and Freedom of Conscience of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, President of the Foundation for the Study of Historical Perspective.

As you can see, the composition of the commission is more like an administrative structure. I agree that the presidential Commission against the falsification of history lacks a representative of the Russian Orthodox Church. First of all, due to the enormous role of the Russian Orthodox Church in the entire life of Russia and its people, as well as compatriots abroad, and taking into account the ongoing falsification of church history. To a large extent, and due to the fact that the former Patriarch Alexy II and the current Patriarch Kirill are the smartest people, in their sermons, in numerous appeals to the people, they always rely on deep, reliable historical knowledge.

Although the creation of the Commission to Counter Attempts to Falsify History to the Detriment of Russia’s Interests caused a controversial attitude among the public, including the scientific community, and me too, I still don’t think about some kind of dictatorship, imposing unambiguous coverage of events and phenomena in the country’s history ( as it was during the preparation of the "Short course of the history of the CPSU (b)"). But hotheads, and Russia has never lacked them, can spoil any good deed. In the post-Ukrainian time, one fact is still known - a letter from the Department of Historical and Philological Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences:

RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES DIVISION OF HISTORICAL AND PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 119991 GSP-1, Moscow V-334 Leninsky prospect, 82-a, 938-17-63, fax 938-18-44 No. 14100-1255/119 23.06.09

Heads of institutions of the Institute of Physical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences In accordance with the protocol decision of the Bureau of the Department of Historical and Philological Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences “On the tasks of the Institute of Physics of Philology of the Russian Academy of Sciences in connection with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 15, 2009, No. 549 “On the Commission under the President of the Russian Federation to counter attempts to falsify history to the detriment Interests of Russia”, please provide the Office with the following information:

1 An annotated list of historical and cultural falsifications in areas corresponding to the main activities of the institute (indicating the main sources, persons or organizations that form and disseminate falsification; the potential danger of this falsification to the interests of Russia; preliminary proposals for measures of scientific refutation of falsification).

2 Information about the activities of your institute's scientists in exposing falsifications and historical and cultural concepts that are detrimental to Russia's interests.

3 Contact person or list of researchers for participation in the work of the Commission of the Institute of Physical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences for the Analysis of Historical and Cultural Falsifications Harmful to the Interests of Russia (with phone numbers and e-mail address). Please send the information to the Department of Historical and Philological Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences by June 26, 2009. Sincerely, Deputy Academician-Secretary of the Department of Historical and Philological Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Academician VA Tishkov 50 51 . One cannot help but be wary that, following the federal commission, their own independent commissions began to be created in the regions. According to the press service of the governor of the Kurgan region, on July 30, 2009, the governor signed a decree on the formation of a working group to counter attempts to falsify history to the detriment of Russia's interests in the Trans-Urals.

According to the governor's order, the main tasks are to review materials on the history of Russia and refute false information. The working group is headed by the deputy governor - head of the apparatus of the Government of the Kurgan region. The provincial commission for combating falsifications includes heads of structural subdivisions of the regional government, scientists, professors, and representatives of public organizations. It was stipulated that the working group would meet quarterly.

How not to overdo it, especially since borscht is a favorite dish. The majority of Russians support the fight against the falsification of history. Indicative are the data of the initiative all-Russian survey conducted by VTsIOM shortly after the creation of the Russian Commission on June 6-7, 2009. 1600 people were surveyed in 140 settlements of 42 constituent entities of the Russian Federation - regions, territories and republics of Russia. The statistical error did not exceed 3.4%. According to the survey, 41% of respondents knew about the creation of the Commission to Counter Attempts to Falsify History, with 10% "well aware" of this, and 31% had heard of it. Muscovites (49%), highly educated respondents (54%) and supporters of Democrats (72%) showed the highest awareness. At the same time, more than half of the respondents heard about this measure for the first time from the interviewer (57%). The majority of those who were aware of the creation of the Commission (78%) positively assessed this step of the President of the Russian Federation, considering it a timely measure. This opinion was shared by residents of all settlements (80–82%), but least often in Moscow and St. Petersburg (58%). Supporters of United Russia and the Communist Party approved this measure (85% and 81% respectively). Only 10% of respondents believed that the Commission is an instrument of political struggle that will lead to a restriction of freedom of speech and will interfere with the work of historians. The proportion of such respondents is twice as high among Muscovites and Petersburgers (20%) and LDPR supporters (20%). 13% found it difficult to answer.

The survey participants believe that, first of all, the Great Patriotic War (34%) needs protection from falsification and distortion of history. Other historical events were mentioned less frequently: the October Revolution (6%), the Civil War, modern wars (Chechen, the conflict in South Ossetia), the history of the USSR and the years of Soviet power (3% each), repressions of the 30s, famine in Ukraine, perestroika and the personalities of the leaders (2% each), the Afghan war, the execution of the royal family and the reign of Nicholas II (1% each).

However, 12% believed that no historical events need protection from distortion. 37% found it difficult to answer 53 . “The commission would have aroused much more confidence if it consisted exclusively of reputable professional historians, whose arguments would be objectively established facts. Instead, we see many administrators and security officials there, whose “arguments” are an order and a club. However, such methods can only harm the historical truth.

This opinion should be kept in mind, but you can approach a friend. Of course, one cannot do without “authoritative professional historians” in separating falsification from truth, authenticity, but, it seems to me, the Commission should involve specialists for in-depth argumentation of emerging questions of history, promote this research work itself and promote its results. Do not make noise, do not demonstrate yourself as an omniscient true in the last instance, as happened at the "Court of Time", but delve into the archives, double-check your memory, resort to the most important method in this case - content analysis. And this will in no way “turn into direct violations of the Constitution, which guarantees our citizens freedom of opinion.”

On the contrary, scientifically-research documented material will help citizens form their opinion and stick to it. But if the Commission is limited to scientists-historians, then it will “drown” in conflicting assessments and is unlikely to come to a consensus. And why only historians? One website is titled "Commission Against Falsification of History Promises Not to Rewrite Books or Train Scholars." Demonstrative wish or hint. In the design of the Commission under the President of the Russian Federation, one can assume, on the one hand, liberalization in the field of historical research, on the other hand, the possibility of authoritarianism and a kind of "freezing" in this area. The second position is viewed more.

The title itself suggests this:“The Commission on Counteracting Attempts to Falsify History to the Detriment of Russia’s Interests”, hence the admissibility of attempts to falsify history “in the interests of Russia” is logically seen, although this is only editorial tightrope walking, a matter of casuistry or sophistry. The meetings of the Commission were held on August 28, 2009, January 19 and September 7, 2010. 57 At the last meeting, reports were heard from the head of the Federal Archival Agency; Deputy Director of the Federal Service for Technical and Export Control, Executive Secretary of the Interdepartmental Commission for the Protection of State Secrets; Rector of the Russian State University for the Humanities, Chairman of the Board of the Russian Society of Historians and Archivists.

The discussion was attended by the director of the Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the director of the Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the rector of the state educational institution "Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation", the president of the Foundation for the Study of Historical Perspective, Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, First Deputy Chairman State Duma Committee on Commonwealth of Independent States and Relations with Compatriots, Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Public Associations and Religious Organizations, Chairman of the Commission on Interethnic Relations and Freedom of Conscience of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, Senior Assistant to the President of the Russian Federation.

As you can see, administrative issues were considered, and, judging by the published information, there was no direct talk about the scientific aspects of the fight against falsification of history with specifics, at least the public was not informed about this. It should be said that state or public structures on the issues of history have been created in many countries. They fight falsifications in their understanding and create the conditions for falsifications in the direction they want. These are the “Commission of Historians under the President of Latvia” (there is an Advisor to the President of Latvia on the Commission of Historians 59), “State Commission for Investigation of the Repressive Policy of the Occupation Forces in Estonia”, “Genocide and Resistance Center” in Lithuania 60 and others.

The Ukrainian Institute of National Remembrance was established on May 31, 2006 as a central executive body with a special status. Its main tasks are to increase public attention to the history of Ukraine, to ensure a comprehensive study of the stages of the struggle for the restoration of the statehood of Ukraine in the 20th century, and to carry out activities to perpetuate the memory of participants in the national liberation struggle, victims of famines and political repressions. The Regulations on the Ukrainian Institute of National Remembrance were approved by government decree No. 927 dated July 5, 2006. According to the Regulations, the Institute organizes the implementation of legislative acts on issues within its competence, monitors their implementation, summarizes the practice of applying legislation, develops proposals for its improvement and in accordance with the established procedure submits them for consideration by the President and the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine.

In addition, the Institute issues orders, organizes and controls their implementation, and, if necessary, together with other executive authorities, develops and adopts joint legal acts. The Institute is headed by the Chairman, who is appointed by the Cabinet of Ministers on the proposal of the Prime Minister. To discuss the most important areas of the Institute's activities and to coordinate the resolution of issues within its competence, a collegium is created at the Institute, consisting of the chairman, heads of structural divisions, representatives of factions and committees of the Verkhovna Rada, scientific and educational institutions and other persons interested in its activities. The activities of the Institute, in accordance with the instructions, are directed primarily to the popularization of objective and fair history in Ukraine and the world.

To fulfill this goal, the Institute prepares educational museum expositions, promotes the formation of museum and library funds, holds scientific conferences, seminars, meetings and carries out publishing activities on the restoration and preservation of national memory, promotes the creation and development of public, in particular youth, patriotic organizations. The main purpose of the Institute of National Remembrance is the formation of national consciousness among the citizens of Ukraine.

The Lviv Center for Research of the Insurgent Movement is also known. In Poland, in accordance with the decision of the Parliament, the Institute of National Remembrance has been operating for two decades. It acquired properties that are not characteristic of a scientific institution, turned into a kind of "political police". The institute initiates court cases, accusing people of collaborating with "communist secret services", its employees act as prosecutors in trials.

The Institute of National Remembrance - the Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against the Polish People (INP) - is a state historical and archival institution that studies the activities of the state security agencies of Poland in the period 1944–1990, as well as the security agencies of the Third Reich and the USSR in order to investigate crimes against Polish citizens during this period, as well as the implementation of lustration procedures. The INP was established in accordance with the Law on the Institute of National Remembrance - Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against the Polish Nation of December 18, 1998.

In accordance with the Law, the functions of the INP include: accounting, accumulation, storage, processing, publication, ensuring the safety and access to documents of state security agencies of Poland for the period from July 22, 1944 to July 31, 1990, as well as security agencies of the Third Reich and the USSR concerning Nazi, communist and other crimes committed against persons of Polish nationality or Polish citizens of other nationalities in the period from September 1, 1939 to July 31, 1990, which constitute crimes against peace, humanity or war crimes; other politically motivated repressions carried out by officials of the Polish investigating authorities, justice or by persons acting on their instructions investigation of these crimes, protection of personal data of persons who are related to documents collected in the INP archive, educational activities. The Law of the Republic of Poland of March 15, 2007 entrusted the Institute of National Remembrance with the implementation of lustration procedures in respect of Polish citizens who fall under the lustration law. The INP includes: a collegium, a president, the Main Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against the Polish Nation (part of the INP as the main investigative body), the Bureau for the Issuance and Archiving of Documents, the Public Education Bureau, the Lustration Bureau, 11 departments of the INP located in cities, which are the residences of the courts of appeal, 7 representations of departments. The chairman of the INP is elected by the Seimas for a five-year term.

At the end of September 2007, the website of the INP began publishing lists of citizens who collaborated with the state security agencies of the PPR. The publication is carried out in accordance with the “Law on Lustration” adopted on March 14, 2007 and will take at least six years. In addition to the name of each person, the files contain an undercover nickname, as well as details of his relationship with the special services. The first published list included the president and prime minister of Poland at that time, Lech and Jaroslaw Kaczynski (as dissidents who were being monitored), speakers of both houses of parliament, as well as members of the Constitutional and Supreme Courts. Despite the fact that clerics in Poland are not subject to lustration, Archbishop Stanisław Velgus, Metropolitan of Warsaw, was accused of collaborating with the Security Service based on materials from the INP.

A similar institution operates in Romania; its tasks include the collection and study of documents, their publication on the evolution of the communist regime. With the same name and similar goals, the Institute of National Remembrance was established in Slovakia. Neo-Nazi I. Petransky was appointed “Chief Historian” there, who believes that “the crimes of the Nazis have already been condemned enough, and the crimes of the Communists should be dealt with much more closely.” In Latvia, there is a commission of historians under the president of the country, which includes an assistant to the president (please note) for history. The Institute of Foreign Membership has been established in this country, the task of which is to provide officials with theses for "occupation" rhetoric and to present the topic of "crimes against humanity in Latvia during the Soviet and Nazi occupation" in the international arena. A Center for Documentation of the Consequences of Totalitarianism under the Bureau for the Protection of the Constitution was also created (propaganda of the theme of “atrocities of the NKVD-KGB”, concealment of the ties of the leadership of the Latvian special services with the fascist Abwehr and the SD).

In Latvia, where literally every lat counts, the reconstruction and development of the "Museum of the Occupation", which equates the Nazis with the soldiers-liberators, is financed from the funds of the "State Real Estate" enterprise. The museum covers the period of the country's history from 1940 to 1991, the main focus is on the Stalinist repressions. The exposition is divided into three stages: "The first year of the Soviet occupation (1940-1941)", "Occupation by Nazi Germany (1941-1944)", "Post-war Soviet occupation (1944-1991)". Portraits of Stalin and Hitler hang side by side. There are about 30,000 documents in the museum's funds, traveling exhibitions are organized: for educational schools - "Latvia in 1939–1991: from occupation to freedom", for the European Parliament - "Latvia returns to Europe", for the USA - "Latvia returns to a free world". The museum is an anti-Russian ideological center. In defiance of the St. George Ribbon action, the “For Latvian Latvia” action was held at the Museum of Occupation, instead of the St. George Ribbon, a symbol of victory over fascism, red-white-red ribbons were distributed according to the colors of the Latvian flag.

In Lithuania, a similar activity is carried out by the Center for Genocide and Resistance, which is a department under the Cabinet of Ministers, its director is approved by the Seimas on the proposal of the Prime Minister. Just like in the Polish Institute of National Remembrance, the Lithuanian Center has a Department of Special Investigations. In Estonia, the period of the “Soviet occupation” is being investigated by the Estonian International Commission for the Investigation of Crimes against Humanity under the President of the Republic, the Center for Research on the Soviet Period, the Estonian Bureau of the Register of Repressed Persons, the KistlerRitso Foundation, and the State Commission for Investigating the Repressive Policy of the Occupation Forces. This commission prepared a "White Paper on the Losses Caused to the People of Estonia by the Occupations", which served as the basis for a large-scale anti-Russian campaign, as well as for putting forward demands on Russia to "repair the damage caused by the occupation."

In May 2008, the Foundation for the Investigation of the Crimes of Communism began its work in Estonia. In the Republic of Moldova, the leadership initiated the creation of a commission for the study and evaluation of the totalitarian communist regime, the purpose of which is to represent the communist crime on an equal footing with Nazism. Georgian President MN Saakashvili announced the establishment in the near future of a Commission to establish the historical truth and facts of Russia's 200-year policy towards Georgia.

The commission will be headed by PhD student of the University of Cambridge Vasil Rukhadze and expert Tornike Sharashenidze. Politicians go beyond all limits and disregard the beliefs of their fellow citizens and world public opinion. This is clearly seen in the example of S. Bandera. Many Ukrainian political parties and public organizations spoke out against the glorification of Nazism in his person, representatives of the Slovak public called it a provocation, condemnation was expressed in the Office of the President of Poland, the largest Jewish human rights organization Simon Wiesenthal Center expressed indignation at the decree on Bandera, signed on the day when the world commemorated the victims of the Holocaust. Even the European Parliament recommended that the leadership of Ukraine reconsider the decision to award the title of Hero of Ukraine to Bandera.

Naturally, the new, fourth President of Ukraine, Viktor Fedorovich Yanukovych, canceled this shameful act. In terms of our research, it is of interest not just V. Yushchenko's misunderstanding of the absurdity of defending his decree, defending his actions, but also the methods that he used. The statement of the leader of "Our Ukraine" V. Yushchenko said that the decision of the Donetsk District Administrative Court on the illegality of conferring the title of Hero of Stepan Bandera testifies to the government's course towards confrontation in society, he called on the new president V. Yanukovych to understand his responsibility and take measures to prevent the revision decisions about honoring Ukrainian heroes. Yushchenko believes that such "provocative technologies" are especially cynical on the eve of the celebration of the 65th anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War (in fact, Yushchenko himself is defiantly cynical). “It is the replication of imperial clichés that serves exclusively to split, and not to unite society, the real heroism, complexity and tragedy of the Ukrainian fate in the 20th century are hidden behind false splendor.”

According to Yushchenko, Bandera was and remains a hero for millions of Ukrainians. “Decades of repression and the efforts of Soviet propaganda could not prevent this popular recognition. The disclosure of archives, the work of historians are helping ever wider circles of society to understand the role of this person - Stepan Bandera entered the top three of the national rating “Great Ukrainians”. “The authorities are trying to hide behind a court decision… The formally adopted decision on an inherently political issue once again demonstrates the problem of Ukrainian justice. We have another example of the involvement of the judiciary in the political struggle. But no legal casuistry can mislead society and will not relieve the current government of responsibility for taking such a step. This decision was pre-programmed by the commitments made in Moscow.” Yushchenko switched to direct blackmail, psychological pressure on the new president of Ukraine.

V. Yushchenko relies on the president's duty to rally society around national interests, despite current political calculations or ambitions of neighbors. "I call on President Viktor Yanukovych to realize his responsibility and take all the opportunities provided by law to prevent the revision of decisions on honoring Ukrainian heroes." V. Yushchenko called on the national-democratic political forces and all patriots to take an active public position in defense of “real history and all the heroes who fought for a free, conciliar and independent Ukrainian state.” What perseverance in defense of an anti-hero, a traitor to the interests of the Ukrainian and Soviet peoples! France has a law on historians, the so-called historical law.

There is a company of French historians. French President Nicolas Sarkozy 80 believes that it is necessary to pursue a certain policy in the field of history development: “We need a history that we should be proud of. Stop repenting for the fact that France behaved differently in this or that issue: in Algeria, extradited Jews during the Holocaust, and so on. Stop repenting” 81 . How necessary these words are in relation to the development of Russian history! In the program “Vis-a-vis with the world”, the director of the Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Alexander Oganovich Chubaryan cited interesting facts: in order to stop the attempts of the French Ministry of Education to remove everything that denigrates French colonialism from textbooks, a special decision of the Senate was needed, and at the meeting The Council of Europe in Istanbul handed out a document of as many as 20 pages, recommending exactly how certain events of European history should be interpreted.

In addition to research structures, a whole network of “occupation museums” plays an important role in rewriting history. In Lithuania, this is the "Museum of the Genocide", in Georgia - the "Museum of the Occupation", in Ukraine - the "Museum of the Soviet Occupation of Ukraine". In the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States of the CIS and the Baltic States, they began to adhere to a nation-centric approach to historical education, which is based on anti-Soviet and anti-communist ideas, which eventually grew into anti-Russian ones. The falsified revision of pre-revolutionary and Soviet history has led to the fact that the history of Estonia, Latvia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine is presented as a centuries-old struggle of these countries for independence, national histories are colored with nationalist perversions, Russia is portrayed as the main culprit of troubles and upheavals.

In the modern perspective of the history of independent states - the former union republics of the Soviet Union, issues of sovereignty have acquired an exceptional sound, far exceeding real independence - economic and political. The Parliamentary Assembly of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) at its 18th annual session on July 3, 2009 adopted a resolution that completely equalized the responsibility of Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union in unleashing World War II. Among other things, it says: “In the twentieth century, European countries experienced two powerful totalitarian regimes, Nazi and Stalin, which brought with them genocide, violations of human rights and freedoms, war crimes and crimes against humanity.” The OSCE Parliamentary Assembly expressed "deep concern about the glorification of totalitarian regimes, including the holding of public demonstrations to commemorate the Nazi or Stalinist past, as well as the possible spread and strengthening of various extremist movements and groups" 85 .

Thus, anti-fascists are equated with the fascists who stopped the conveyor of death in Auschwitz - with the architects of Auschwitz. In April 2010, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe adopted a resolution "On the need for international condemnation of crimes committed by totalitarian communist regimes", which actually equalizes fascism and communism. The European Parliament called on Russia to enter into a dialogue with the "democratic countries" of Eastern Europe on the problems of the history of the twentieth century. The attempts being made to put on the same level, to equate Soviet power with Nazi Germany, are being made not for the sake of establishing historical truth, but quite the opposite. In the current situation, the efforts of the Russian diasporas could become an obstacle to the falsification of history.

In June 2010, the International Youth Forum "Youth against falsification of the history of the Second World War and the glorification of Nazi criminals and their accomplices" was held in Riga, which was initiated by the International Association of Youth Organizations of Russian Compatriots (MAMORS), the Moscow House of Compatriots and with the support of the Government Commission on Affairs of Compatriots Abroad (PCDSR), the Government of Moscow, the Embassy of the Russian Federation in Latvia, the Moscow Cultural and Business Center - "House of Moscow" in Riga, the public organization "May 9.lv" and the Multinational Center of Culture for Children and Youth in Riga. Riga. The Forum received a greeting from the Chairman of the Presidium of the International Council of Russian Compatriots Count P. P. Sheremetev: “Your bright aspirations to search for the truth inspire a sense of respect and gratitude. I am sure that the honor and dignity of your great-grandfathers and grandfathers - the heroes who saved the world from the “brown plague”, as well as the baton of historical memory passed on by the older generation, will be preserved.”

The Forum participants listened to the report “Youth against the falsification of the history of the Second World War”, as well as speeches by experts from the field on the topics: “On the falsification of the history of Latvia: causes, content, methods of counteraction” (V. I. Gushchin, Director of the Baltic Center for Historical and Social political research, Latvia), “Estonia in World War II: historical retrospection and futurological reconstruction” (I. Nikiforov, journalist, historian, political scientist, Estonia), “Information war against youth, falsification of the history of the Great Patriotic War” (N. Sokolov, Lithuania), etc. There was a round table “What can young people do to counter the falsification of history?”.

The discussion was devoted to a comprehensive discussion of the problems of falsifying the history of the Second World War, identifying the main directions of misinformation of the younger generation of modern society, clarifying the reasons for the distortion of the meaning of the events of the war period, and developing arguments to expose the falsifiers of history. An important result of the Forum was the intensification of the efforts of young compatriots abroad in the fight against manifestations in political circles and in modern society, including among the youth, the glorification of Nazi criminals and their accomplices, cases of xenophobia and intolerance. The Forum included a trip to Salaspils, a death camp on the territory of Nazi-occupied Latvia during World War II, intended for the mass extermination of people. For the participants of the forum, who are 15-18 years old, the trip to Salaspils caused an emotional shock /

It must be admitted that there have always been enough people who wanted to correct it, in this sense the call: “Leave it to the historians” is very relevant today. Politics should not play opportunistic games with historical science. As the ancient philosopher said: “A word can refute any word, but how can you refute life?” Note that according to the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, falsification (Late Latin falsificatio, from falsifico - I fake) is called: 1) malicious, deliberate distortion of data, deliberately misinterpreting something. 2) change with a mercenary purpose of the type or properties of objects; fake. Wikipedia: the free encyclopedia contains the following definition: falsification or rewriting of history - a deliberate distortion of historical events.

Free Russian encyclopedia "Tradition": falsification of history - intentional or accidental changes in the description of historical events, historical falsifications 90 . Website "Science": Falsification of history - a false description of historical events for the sake of a preconceived idea; the goals and motives of historical falsifications can be very diverse: to secure the historical right to a certain territory for one or another people, to justify the legitimacy of the ruling dynasty, to justify the succession of the state in relation to one or another historical predecessor, to “ennoble” the process of ethnogenesis, etc.

Professor of History Alexander Anatolyevich Danilov gives the following definition of falsification of history: Falsification is a deliberate and sometimes malicious distortion of historical facts and events, their interpretation in favor of some position. It must be understood that any scientific point of view is an interpretation of events based on a set of facts. But if a person takes a certain conclusion as a basis, and then selects from the whole variety of historical facts and events only those that confirm it, there is an obvious falsification 92 . It should also be noted that in most cases it is not falsification that is used, but insinuations (from Latin insinuatio, literally - insinuation) with malicious fiction and slanderous fabrication in order to discredit someone (this is also TSB).

Falsification is a deliberate distortion of historical events or historical myth-making, when facts that did not take place appear in a historical work. The goals of falsifications are varied: ideological, political, opportunistic. At the same time, distortions and falsifications can be unconscious due to the lack of sources, the low professional level of the researcher, the inertia of a certain historical school with accumulated stereotypes, biases, and much more. But even these factors cannot justify distortions in the coverage of history or some phenomenon.

Turning to scientific tools will minimize the flaws that are inevitable in historical science, the study of any historical plot requires a multifactorial approach, various facts and phenomena should be recruited - only in this case distortions can be avoided. The most famous are all kinds of distortions of quoted or paraphrased texts. An illustrative example is the distortion of V. I. Lenin's thought about the possibility of the participation of a cook in government. In "Will the Bolsheviks Retain State Power?" he wrote: “We are not utopians. We know that any unskilled worker and any cook are not capable of immediately entering into government.

On this we agree with the Cadets, and with Breshkovskaya, and with Tsereteli. But we differ from these citizens in that we demand an immediate break with the prejudice that only rich officials or officials taken from rich families can manage the state, carry out the everyday, daily work of government. We demand that public administration be taught by conscious workers and soldiers and that it be started immediately, i.e., that all working people, all the poor, should immediately be involved in this training. This thesis has acquired a textbook sound, but quite often it is said that Lenin allegedly claimed that "the cook is ready to rule the state ...". “For Lenin, as for a classical revolutionary, the main thing was the idea, and the country, the people - only the material, the means.

Let millions die, but we will remake the world! I use the NTV screensaver - "You won't believe it!". This idea of ​​​​V. I. Lenin is conveyed by a well-known person in society (by the way, a member of the Commission under the President of the Russian Federation to counter attempts to falsify history to the detriment of Russia's interests), Natalya Alekseevna Narochnitskaya, who respects herself very much, in an interview with Rossiyskaya Gazeta - Weeks on on the occasion of the 90th anniversary of the October Revolution. “My father, who survived all periods of repression, recalled that the Lenin era was worse than Stalin’s. Under Lenin, they not only shot, but also called Alexander Nevsky a class enemy, Napoleon - a liberator, Tchaikovsky - a squishy man, Chekhov - a whiner, and Tolstoy - a landowner, foolish in Christ ... ". From the same source. No comments.

Today in the world, and Russia is no exception, everything is talentedly and grossly falsified - culture and science, art and literature, morality and morality, medicines and products.