What is production capacity. Assessment of the production capacity of the enterprise

The production capacity of the enterprise - this is the maximum possible output of products (performance of work, provision of services) per unit of time in natural (or conditionally natural) terms in the nomenclature and assortment established by the production program with the full use of production equipment, the use of advanced technology, modern organization of production and labor, ensuring high quality products.

Production capacity is expressed in the same units of measurement in which the volume is defined production a production program - in tons, meters, pieces, etc. For example, the production capacity of a machine-building plant is determined in units of manufactured machines and equipment; metallurgical enterprises - in tons of metal smelting and rolled products. In those industries where conventional units are adopted, they are used in the calculation of production capacity. For example, the production of slate - in conditional tiles, mineral fertilizers - in conditional tons with a certain nutrient content.

The calculation of the production capacity of the enterprise is carried out for its divisions in the following sequence:

By units and groups of technological equipment;

By production sites;

For the main workshops and the enterprise as a whole.

The production capacity of the enterprise is determined by the capacity of the leading production shops, sections or units, i.e. by the capacity of the leading industries. The leading ones are the workshop, section, unit, which perform the main and most massive operations for the manufacture of products and in which the predominant part of the equipment is concentrated. In ferrous metallurgy, these are blast-furnace, open-hearth, steel shops or furnaces, in non-ferrous metallurgy - electrolysis baths, in textile industry - spinning and weaving production, at machine-building plants - mechanical and assembly shops.

The main factors determining the value of the production capacity of the enterprise are:

The composition and number of installed machines, mechanisms, aggregates, etc.;

Technical and economic standards for the use of machines, mechanisms, units, etc.;

The degree of progressiveness of technology and production technology;

Equipment operating time fund;

The level of organization of production and labor;

Production area of ​​the enterprise (main workshops):

The planned nomenclature and assortment of products that directly affect the labor intensity of production with this equipment.

The production capacity of the leading production can be determined by the formula:

where M is the production capacity of the leading workshop, section in the accepted units of measurement;

n- the number of units of the leading equipment in the workshop, on the site;

Fmax - the maximum possible fund of operating time of the leading equipment, h;

Mm - progressive norm of labor intensity of product processing on permanent equipment, h.

When determining the composition of equipment, all equipment is taken into account: the main production by type, established at the beginning of the year, as well as the one that should be put into operation in the planned year. The calculation of capacity does not include reserve equipment, experimental sites, as well as equipment used for vocational training.

The possible productivity of the equipment, taken into account when calculating the production capacity, is determined on the basis of progressive standards for the use of each type of this equipment.

Determining the equipment operating time fund is specific for enterprises with discontinuous and continuous production processes. For enterprises with a continuous production process, it is calculated based on the full calendar time of equipment operation minus the hours allocated in the repair plan.

For enterprises with a discontinuous production process, the annual fund of equipment operation time is determined by the formula:

Tn \u003d (Tk - V - P) t c - Tr,

where Tn is the nominal fund of equipment operation time per year, h;

Тк - calendar fund of time for a year, days;

B is the number of days off in a year;

P - the number of holidays in a year;

t is the number of hours of work per day;

Tr is the time planned for the repair and maintenance of equipment per year, h.

The production capacity of an enterprise equipped with the same type of equipment can be determined by the formula:

M = n* N*Tn,

where n- the number of units of installed equipment;

Tн - technical norm of productivity of this equipment.

It should be noted that when calculating the production capacity, equipment downtime caused by the lack of raw materials, materials, electricity or organizational reasons, as well as time losses associated with correcting defects in the manufacture of products, are not taken into account. The production capacity is divided into design, input, output, average annual.

Design production capacity is established by the project of construction, reconstruction and expansion of the enterprise.

input(incoming) production capacity is the capacity at the beginning of the year, showing what production capabilities the enterprise has at the beginning of the planning period.

day off(outgoing) production capacity is the capacity at the end of the year. It is defined as the sum of the input and commissioned capacities during the planned period minus the capacity retired during the same period.

Average annual production capacity serves as the basis for calculating the production program and is determined by the formula

Msr = Mn + -

where Мср is the average annual capacity of the enterprise; Mn - power at the beginning of the year (input); MW is the power introduced during the year; Mvb - power, retiring during the year; m1- the number of full months until the end of the year since the commissioning of capacities; m2 - the number of full months until the end of the year from the moment of disposal of capacities.

The level of production capacity utilization is measured by a number of indicators. The main one is capacity utilization factor(Km), which is determined by the formula:

where V- the number of actually produced products for the year in natural or cost units;

Mer - the average annual production capacity in the same units of measurement.

Another indicator is equipment load factor - is defined as the ratio of the actually used time fund (in machine hours) of all equipment to the available) time fund for the same range of equipment for the same period. This indicator identifies redundant or missing equipment.

Improving the use of production capacity is one of the most important tasks of the enterprise. The solution of this problem means an increase in the production of products necessary for society, an increase in the return on the created production potential, a reduction in the cost of production, and an increase in the profitability of production.

The level of utilization of production capacities depends on how fully the extensive and intensive factors are realized. An extensive improvement in the use of production capacities implies, firstly, an increase in the operating time of existing equipment and, secondly, an increase in the share of existing equipment.

An increase in the operating time of existing equipment can be achieved by:

Reducing or completely eliminating intra-shift downtime of equipment based on improving the quality of repair and maintenance of equipment, timely and complete provision of the main production with labor, raw materials, materials, semi-finished products, electricity;

Reduction of whole-day downtime of equipment, increase in the coefficient of shift of its work.

An important way to improve the utilization of production capacity is, on the one hand, to reduce the amount of redundant equipment, and, on the other hand, to quickly involve uninstalled equipment in production.

The possibilities of an intensive way of improving the use of production capacities are much wider. The intensive path involves an increase in the degree of equipment loading per unit of time. This can be achieved on the basis of the technical improvement of machines and mechanisms, the improvement of production technology, the improvement of the organization of labor, production and management, the improvement of the skills and professional skills of workers.

The intensity of the use of production capacities is also increased by eliminating "bottlenecks" in the production process, quickly mastering newly commissioned capacities, and reducing the time it takes to reach the design productivity of equipment. A "bottleneck" is understood as a discrepancy between the production capacity of individual workshops, sections, units and the capabilities of the leading equipment.

In modern conditions, many Russian enterprises are characterized by underutilization of production capacities, mainly due to difficulties in marketing products, as well as an acute shortage of their own working capital at exorbitantly high interest rates for loans. Therefore, at present, the improvement in the use of production capacities is associated with an increase in the quality and competitiveness of products, an improvement in marketing activities, and an expansion in the sale of products.

Production capacity calculation

Parameter name	Meaning
Article subject:	Production capacity calculation
Rubric (thematic category)	Production

The calculation of the production capacity of the enterprise is the most important stage in the justification of the production program. On the basis of production capacity calculations, intra-production reserves for production growth are identified, output volumes are established, and the need for increasing production capacity through technical re-equipment, reconstruction and expansion of existing and construction of new facilities is determined.

Under the production capacity of the enterprise, it is customary to understand the maximum possible output of products in the nomenclature and assortment provided for by the sales plan, with full use of production equipment and space, taking into account progressive technology, advanced organization of labor and production.

The concept of “production capacity” and “production program” in planned calculations are not identical. If the first shows the ability of an enterprise under certain conditions to produce the maximum amount of products in physical terms in a certain period of time, then the second characterizes the degree of power use in the planned period.

When planning, the production program, as well as the capacity of the enterprise, are expressed in the same natural (conditionally natural) and cost units. For example, the capacity of a tractor plant is measured in pieces of tractors, a textile factory - in square meters of fabric, a cannery - in thousands of pieces of conditional cans.

Production capacity planning is based on taking into account the factors on which its value depends. When calculating the capacity, the following factors are taken into account: the structure and size of the basic production assets; the qualitative composition of the equipment, the level of physical and obsolescence; advanced technical standards for equipment productivity, space utilization, labor intensity of products, yield of good products from raw materials; progressiveness of applied technological processes; degree of specialization; mode of operation of the enterprise; the level of organization of production and labor; equipment operating time fund; the quality of raw materials and the rhythm of deliveries.

Production capacity is a variable value. Disposal of capacity occurs for the following reasons: depreciation and disposal of equipment; increase in the complexity of manufacturing products; change in the range and range of products; reduction of the fund of working time; expiration of the equipment lease. These factors also work in the opposite direction.

Production capacity planning consists in performing a set of planned calculations that make it possible to determine: input capacity; output power; indicators of the degree of power utilization.

Input power is determined by the available equipment installed at the beginning of the planning period. output power- this is the capacity at the end of the planning period, calculated on the basis of input capacity, retirement and commissioning of capacity during the planning period. Production planning is carried out on the basis of the average annual capacity (M C), calculated by the formula

M s \u003d M n + M y + M p + M un - M in, (3.6)

where M n - production capacity at the beginning of the planning period (year);

M y - increase in capacity due to organizational and other measures that do not require capital investments; Ch 1, Ch 2, Ch 3, Ch 4 - respectively, the number of months of power operation;

M p - increase in capacity due to technical re-equipment, expansion and reconstruction of the enterprise;

Mun - increase (+), decrease (-) in capacity due to a change in the range and range of products, receipts of industrial production assets from other enterprises and their transfer to other organizations, including leasing;

M in - a decrease in power due to its retirement due to dilapidation.

It is necessary to distinguish between actual and design capacity. Their compliance is characterized by the degree of development.

The degree of development of design capacities characterized by the following indicators: duration (term) of development; level of development of design capacity; the coefficient (percentage) of the use of commissioned capacities; the volume of production during the development period; achievement of design levels of cost, labor productivity and profitability.

Under period (term) of the duration of development The design capacity of an enterprise or its part (workshop, site, unit) is usually understood as the time from the date of signing the acceptance certificate for operation to the sustainable output of the planned facility. The volume of production at facilities that are at the stage of development of design capacities should be determined taking into account this indicator. Moreover, when planning this indicator, the time for preparing production for the release of new products at the facility being put into operation, commissioning and comprehensive testing of equipment should not be taken into account.

Level of development- this is the percentage (coefficient) of development of the design capacity, steadily achieved on a certain date. It is calculated as the ratio of output in a certain period (hour, day, month, year) to the corresponding (hourly, daily, monthly, annual) design capacity.

Consider the methodology for calculating the production capacity of the enterprise. For the calculation, it is extremely important to have the following initial data: the planned working time fund of one machine; number of machines; equipment performance; the complexity of the production program; the achieved percentage of the production norm.

The production capacity of the enterprise is determined by the capacity of the leading workshops, sections, production lines, machine tools (aggregates), taking into account measures to eliminate bottlenecks and possible production cooperation.

The calculation of production capacity includes all available equipment, incl. and inactive due to malfunctions, repairs, upgrades. The equipment that is being installed and in warehouses, intended for commissioning in the planning period, is taken into account. When calculating the power, the equipment of auxiliary and maintenance shops is not considered.

The calculation of the production capacity of the enterprise should be carried out in the following sequence: units and groups of technological equipment - production sites - workshops (buildings, production) - the enterprise as a whole.

To calculate the production capacity, two methods are used: by the productivity of equipment and by the labor intensity of manufacturing products. In continuous production, the capacity of units, sections and workshops is calculated, as a rule, according to the productivity of the equipment, and in discrete production - according to the labor intensity of manufacturing products.

1. The production capacity of the unit.

The production capacity of the unit (Ma) is defined as the product of the annual planned fund of operating time (Fp) and its productivity per unit of time (Ea):

Ma = Fp Ea. (3.7)

For example, the productivity of the furnace for firing castings is 0.2 tons of parts per hour; the planned fund of the furnace operation time per year is 6900 hours; 0.6 tons of castings are consumed per product. The production capacity of the furnace is 1380 tons of castings per year (6900 0.2) or 2300 products (1380: 0.6).

Or another example: it is required to determine the production capacity of a furnace in a steel shop with a charge volume of 4 tons; melting time 2 hours; steel output ratio 0.6; the weight of a set of steel castings per item is 0.6 tons.

The calculation is carried out according to the formula:

Ma = Fp Ea = Fp, (3.8)

where Oz is the volume of charge filling per melt, tons; Kg - yield coefficient;

Dp - duration of one melting cycle, hour;

Vk - weight of the casting set per product, tons.

Ma \u003d 6900 \u003d 13800 products.

The production capacity of conveyor (production) lines is calculated based on the cycle of the production line (t):

The power of the CNC machine is determined based on the laboriousness of processing the part (T pieces) and the coefficient of fulfillment of the production rate (k):

Ma = k. (3.10)

When calculating the production capacity, it is important to correctly calculate the planned fund for the operating time of the unit. There are calendar (Fk), regime or nominal (Fr) and planned (Fp) time funds.

The calendar (Fk) time fund of production equipment serves as the basis for calculating other types of time fund in planning. It is determined by the product of the number of days in a given calendar period (Dk) by the number of hours in a day (T):

Fk \u003d Dk T.

The regime or nominal (Fr) fund of the operating time of the machine (unit) depends on the number of calendar days (Dk) and the number of non-working days (Dn) per year, as well as on the shift mode adopted at the enterprise per day:

Fr \u003d (Dk - Dn) t, (3.11)

where t is the average number of hours of operation of the machine per day on working days according to the accepted shift mode, taking into account the reduced duration of the shift on holidays.

Fr \u003d [(Dk - Dp) tc - D SP t SP ] n С, (3.12)

where Dp - the number of weekends and holidays in the planning period; ts - duration of the work shift, hour;

D SP - the number of pre-weekend (pre-holiday) days with a reduced duration of the work shift;

t SP - time, by ĸᴏᴛᴏᴩᴏᴇ the duration of the work shift on weekends and holidays is reduced, hour;

n C - shift mode of the enterprise (1, 2, 3 shifts).

The planned (effective, actual) (Fp) equipment operation time fund is equal to the difference between the regime (nominal) fund (Fr) and the sum of the time spent on repair, adjustment, readjustment of this equipment during the planned period (t P):

Фп = Фр – t П = Фр , (3.13)

where t P is the time spent on repairing this equipment as a percentage of the regime fund; t P - time spent on adjustment, readjustment, transfer of equipment as a percentage of the regime fund.

2. Production capacity of the site, workshop

The production capacity of a site (workshop) (Mu) equipped with the same type of equipment is determined by multiplying the standard annual productivity of one machine, unit (Ma) taking into account the average coefficient of overfulfillment of the output rate (k) by the average annual fleet of this type of equipment (n):

M Y = Ma k n, (3.14)

M Y = , (3.15)

where T PCT - the norm of time for the manufacture of a unit of production, hour.

The production capacity of a site (workshop) equipped not with the same type, but with a variety of equipment, is determined by the throughput capacity of the fleet of leading groups of equipment. The leading groups include equipment, ĸᴏᴛᴏᴩᴏᴇ performs the main amount of work in terms of complexity and labor intensity when processing profiled products.

If the equipment manufactures parts for only one product name, then the calculations of production capacity do not cause difficulties. If, on the same equipment, parts used in several types of products are processed, then the calculation of the production capacity of the site (workshop) is made on the basis of the labor intensity of the so-called set of products. It includes products in the quantitative ratio provided for in the program. In this case, for each group of equipment, the progressive rate of labor input for processing one set is calculated. It is determined by multiplying the complexity of processing a set of product parts by its specific value in the total output, followed by summing up the product for all products. The production capacity of a group of equipment is determined by dividing the fund of the operating time of each group by the labor intensity of one set.

For example, in the gear section of the machine shop, 5 lathes are installed, on which parts of products A, B and C are processed in a ratio of 48, 36 and 16 percent. This percentage is calculated based on the number of products and the applicability of parts in products. The complexity of processing a set of parts of the product A is 10 machine-hours; B -20 and C -15. The planned fund of equipment operation time is 23,500 hours. We calculate the complexity of the set of the given product.

Product A = = 4.8 hours.

Product B = = 7.2 hours.

Product B = = 2.4 hours.

To determine the production capacity in physical products, it is extremely important to distribute the value of production capacity in kits in proportion to the quantitative ratio of products in the program:

Product A \u003d 48 \u003d 783 pcs.

Product B = 36 = 588 pcs.

Product B = 16 = 261 pcs.

Total 1632 pcs.

In the conditions of individual and small-scale production, when parts of a large number of product names are processed in the same workshop on the same equipment, the production capacity is calculated according to the enlarged nomenclature. Enlargement is carried out by combining (bringing) individual parts into groups according to signs of similarity in the structure of their labor intensity. As a representative product, ĸᴏᴛᴏᴩᴏᴇ stands out the most in the overall output of the workshop. Bringing the individual products of the group to the representative product is based on the ratio of their labor intensity using reduction factors.

EXAMPLE
Hosted on ref.rf
It is required to bring product B and C to representative product A. The total labor intensity of products is: A - 28 hours, B - 32 hours; At - 16 o'clock. Annual output of product A - 1200 pieces; B - 400; B - 840. The reduction coefficients are respectively equal to: 1.0; 1.14; 0.57. The program in terms of product A will be: 1200 + (400 1.14) + (840 0.57) = 2135 pcs.

3. The production capacity of the enterprise.

The production capacity of the enterprise is calculated according to the leading shop. For this, the production capacities of all workshops are calculated and a diagram of the enterprise's capacities is constructed.

Most often, at the enterprises of mechanical engineering and metalworking, the assembly shop is taken as the leading shop. If in our case we take the assembly shop with an available capacity of 65,000 products as the leading shop, then the procurement shop has a capacity reserve equal to 5,000 products; in the forging shop - 15 thousand items; in the machining shop - 5 thousand products. The foundry will, on the contrary, be a “bottleneck”: it has a lack of production capacity of 5,000 items per year. By “bottleneck” it is customary to understand the discrepancy between the power of individual sections, workshops and the capabilities of the leading equipment. Τᴀᴋᴎᴍ ᴏϬᴩᴀᴈᴏᴍ, when planning a production program, it is extremely important to provide for measures aimed, on the one hand, at “debottlenecking” (increasing capacity), and on the other hand, at loading available capacity reserves.

Calculation of production capacity - concept and types. Classification and features of the category "Calculation of production capacity" 2017, 2018.

Fixed assets of the enterprise and the level of their use determine its production capacity.

Productive capacity - this is the maximum possible output per unit of time in physical terms in the nomenclature and assortment established by the plan, with full use of production equipment and areas, taking into account the use of advanced technology, improving the organization of production and labor, ensuring high quality products.

Production capacity is measured, as a rule, by finished products expressed in physical units used in the production program (tons, pieces, kilowatt-hours).

Production capacity is calculated for the entire range of products, for each type separately.

Simultaneously with the calculation of production capacity in natural terms, it can also be determined in terms of value both by type of product and by marketable products in comparable prices for the enterprise as a whole.

The production capacity of the enterprise is determined by the capacity of the leading production shops, sections or units, i.e. by the capacity of the leading industries. The leading workshop, section, unit are considered to be those that perform the main and most massive operations for the manufacture of products and in which the predominant part of the equipment is concentrated. In ferrous metallurgy, these are blast furnaces, open-hearth, steel-smelting furnaces or shops, in non-ferrous metallurgy - electrolysis shops, in textile - spinning and weaving production, in mechanical engineering - mechanical and assembly shops.

When planning production, several types of production capacity are used:

• (1) input power - capacity at the beginning of the year, showing what production capabilities the enterprise has at the beginning of the planning period;
• (2) output power - power at the end of the year. It is determined by summing the input and input capacities minus the outgoing one;
• (3) project capacity - the capacity incorporated in the project of construction, reconstruction and expansion of the enterprise.

To determine the production capacity, the average annual production capacity, which the company has on average per year, is calculated. It is determined by adding to the capacity at the beginning of the year the average annual input capacity and subtracting the average annual output:

where M" - power at the beginning of the year (input);

M in - input power during the year;

M l - liquidated (retiring) capacity during the year;

n 1 - the number of full months from the date of entry into force until the end of the year;

n 2 - the number of full months from the date of retirement until the end of the year.

The main elements for calculating production capacity are:

• (1) the composition of equipment and its quantity by type;
• (2) progressive standards for the use of each type of equipment;
• (3) nomenclature, assortment of products and labor intensity of their production;
• (4) equipment operating time fund;
• (5) production areas of the main workshops of the enterprise. The calculation in natural units of measurement is carried out according to the formula

where n is the number of pieces of equipment (master);

F r - the actual (working) fund of the operating time of a piece of equipment, hour;

H t - the rate of labor intensity of processing the product, hour.

This formula can only be used to calculate the power of interchangeable or identical equipment.

Example. The workshop has 20 machines. The planned background of the operating time of one machine is 4136 hours. The norm of time for processing a unit of product is 1.5 hours. In this case, the production capacity of the workshop

The production capacity of the enterprise is not constant. With the use of new technology, the introduction of advanced technology, materials, the development of specialization and cooperation, the improvement of the structure of production, the improvement of the skills of workers, the improvement of the organization of production and labor, production capacities change. Therefore, they are reviewed annually, and in order to link the planned production volumes with the required production capacities, production capacity balances are developed at enterprises.

The level of production capacity utilization is measured by the capacity utilization factor. It is determined by dividing the volume of actually produced products by the average annual production capacity:

The increase in production volume due to improved use of power can be determined by the formula

where V is the achieved annual output;

K fact - the actual utilization rate of the average annual production capacity;

K pr - design coefficient of production capacity utilization.

Reserves for increasing the efficiency of using production capacity are the reduction of downtime, an increase in the degree of equipment utilization, the improvement of labor tools, the use of advanced technologies, and the improvement of the organization of production and labor.

One of the indicators of the efficiency of the functioning of fixed assets of the main activity is the coefficient of utilization of production capacity (kM). The study of the use of production capacity is carried out according to the balance of production capacity (BM) and innovative measures to increase it. Under the production capacity of the enterprise is understood the ability of the means of labor assigned to it, the technological set of machines, equipment, units, installations and production areas to the maximum output in accordance with the established specialization, cooperative production and mode of operation.

When determining the production capacity of the enterprise-; it should be based on the need for intensive use, equipment and space to ensure the maximum output of products profiled for the enterprise.

The production capacity of the enterprise is determined by the entire range of products manufactured by it and provided for by the annual plan (report) of the enterprise. Experimental work, one-time orders performed in the main production workshops are not included in the calculation of production capacity. The calculation of power is made for all production shops of the enterprise. The production capacity of the enterprise is set according to the capacity of the leading workshops, sections, installations or groups of equipment of the main production.

Since the production capacity is determined by the maximum possible output, the load factor of the leading groups of equipment in the leading workshops for the accepted capacity of the enterprise should be equal to one.

When determining the value of production capacity, downtime of equipment or underutilization of space caused by a lack of labor, raw materials, fuel, electricity, organizational and technical failures, as well as loss of working time and machine time associated with defects in production are not taken into account. Only technologically inevitable losses are taken into account, the size of which is established by technology and production standards.

Production capacity is a variable. It changes over a certain period and is determined by enterprises for two dates: input - on January 1 of the planned year; day off - on January 1 of the next year.

Input capacity shows what production capacity the company has at the beginning of the year; day off - with what opportunities the output is expected, finally, of the reporting year and at the beginning of the next year. The increase in production capacity at existing enterprises due to the implementation of organizational and technical measures is determined on the basis of a plan of measures carried out during the year:

Mechanization and automation of production;

improvement of the technological process;

installation of new and replacement of obsolete equipment, tools, fixtures;

• - conducting specialization and improving the cooperation of production;
• - improving the quality and composition of the raw materials used;
• - raising the level of organization of labor and production.

Production capacity is not some kind of maximum set once and for all. It changes along with the improvement of technology, technology and organization of production, so the “bottlenecks” of production can be eliminated in various ways: in some cases, by installing additional equipment and modernizing the existing one; in others - the transfer of part of the work to other areas; in the third - a change in the technology of manufactured products, etc. In each case, this should be taken into account when calculating the average annual power.

The power utilization factor (kM) is calculated by the formula

where VP is the annual output of products in natural, conditionally natural or value terms; PM - the average annual production capacity of the enterprise in physical or value terms.

The capacity of the enterprise is calculated according to the capacity of the main production shops, units and sections, the list of which is established by industry instructions, taking into account measures to eliminate bottlenecks. If there are several leading workshops, sections or units, it should be determined by the one that has the highest capacity, and bottlenecks should expand.

Power is calculated according to technical (design) or achieved progressive standards of equipment productivity, space utilization, labor intensity of products, output of products from raw materials, taking into account the use of advanced technology and labor organization. In capacity calculations, the maximum possible fund of equipment operation time is taken into account, and unscheduled downtime is not taken into account. For an enterprise with a continuous production process, the number of calendar days per year for 24 working hours per day is taken into account, minus the time required for major and scheduled preventive repairs and technological shutdowns of equipment and units.

For enterprises with a discontinuous production process, the calendar fund of equipment operation time is taken into account based on a two-, three- or four-shift mode, if the enterprise operates in four shifts, the mode and the established duration of shifts in hours, minus the time required for major and scheduled preventive repairs , weekends and holidays, reduction of working hours on holidays.

For enterprises operating in two shifts (or less than two shifts), the fund of equipment operation time is taken on the basis of a two-shift mode and the established duration of shifts in hours, minus the time required for major repairs, weekends and holidays, reduction of working hours on holidays.

If the plan provides for the one-time implementation of such measures in specific periods that significantly change the production capabilities of the enterprise, additional one-time input of capacity due to the reconstruction of the enterprise, commissioning of new production facilities and equipment, and fundamental improvement of production methods, then the average annual capacity of the enterprise is calculated as follows :

Capacity at the beginning of the year + Average annual capacity commissioned during the year -- Average annual capacity retired

Average annual capacity input - (Capacity input during the year) (Number of full months remaining until the end of the year from the time of capacity input) / 12.

In order to identify and eliminate "bottlenecks" in production, it is necessary to find out the correspondence between the throughput capacity of the leading shops, sections, units and other links with the capabilities of auxiliary shops and other links.

It is necessary to establish the actual changes in each component of the power balance and their causes, especially changes caused by an increase in the organizational and technical level of production.

The plan for output from existing production facilities is substantiated by the calculation of the average annual production capacity and the planned coefficient of its use. This coefficient can be increased as a result of the implementation of the plan for the technical and organizational development of production, the reduction of intra-shift downtime of equipment, the elimination of "bottlenecks" in production, the increase in the capacity utilization rate, etc. Factors of changes in production capacity are reflected in the balance of production capacity or in calculations when determining power.

Taking into account the fact that the output plan of the operating capacities is substantiated by the calculation of the average annual capacity and the planned coefficient of its use, the analysis involves not only comparing the planned and actual coefficients, but also a quantitative comparison of the influence of the above factors, analysis of the consistency of the data reflected in the plan of organizational and technical measures and in the balance of production capacities. The influence of each factor on the change in the coefficient (according to the plan and report) is determined according to the data of the plan and the balance of production capacities by the ratio of changes in output due to measures to increase the technical and organizational level of production to the average annual capacity.

Provided that after the implementation of measures to increase the competitiveness of products at JSC "TAiM", the demand for it will increase, the capacity of the enterprise can be increased primarily due to more intensive use of equipment per unit of time, i.e. by reducing equipment downtime. Reducing equipment downtime and increasing the extensive load due to this becomes an important reserve for improving the use of production capacity.

It is also possible to increase production capacity by introducing and mastering new modern, more productive equipment, as well as changing production technology. So, for example, the introduction of the KV8344 embossing press, the 114 XA aggregate machine and the 113 XA aggregate machine, two 2T140 vertical drilling machines to the amount of 222.5 million rubles into production will increase the average productivity of the equipment. In addition, the time of the technological process with the introduction of this equipment will decrease. In this regard, it will be necessary to speed up the preparatory process so as not to introduce an imbalance in the operation of the equipment and not create downtime. Thus, with a planned annual actual fund of equipment operation time equal to 4100 hours and a planned productivity of 19000 rubles. the increase in output for the next year will be:

5 * 0.019 * 4100 \u003d 389.5 million rubles.

In order to purchase the specified equipment, the enterprise needs to attract investments in the amount of 222.5 million rubles.

Suppose that the service life of this equipment is 10 years, then the amount of annual depreciation will be equal to:

222.5 / 10 = 22.25 million rubles

Find additional profit as a result of an increase in production volume. To do this, we use the following data: the volume of production before the acquisition of equipment - 35428.4 million rubles, the increase in output, as a result of the acquisition of equipment - 389.5 million rubles, the profit of the reporting period - 997 million rubles, we denote additional profit for X and make a proportion:

Having solved the proportion, we get that the additional profit as a result of an increase in the volume of production will be 10.96 million rubles.

The payback period of investments is found by the formula:

PP = IC / P + A (3.1)

Where PP is the payback period, IC is the amount of attracted investments, P is profit, A is depreciation.

According to formula 3.1, we find the payback period for investments:

PP \u003d 225.5 / (10.96 + 22.25) \u003d 6.8 g.

Therefore, our project will pay off in 6.8 years or 6 years 10 months.

The use of production capacity can also be increased by reducing the downtime of equipment for repairs. So, if the annual fund of equipment operation time is 4110 hours, then even with the same amount of equipment and the same productivity, the production capacity will be:

725*0.01669819*4110 = 49756.43 million rubles,

which is 971.66495 million rubles. more than in 2006.

You can also change the number of active equipment, as much equipment is idle as unnecessary. In addition, unnecessary equipment can be sold, which will reduce the average annual cost of production assets, thus increasing the return on capital.

Thus, the implementation of a set of measures to introduce and master new modern, more productive equipment, to reduce equipment downtime for repairs, as well as to change the number of existing equipment, will lead to an increase in output and to an improvement in the use of production capacity at the enterprise.

Any enterprise has the final result of a certain product, product, service or work. In this case, production possibilities act as the main limitation of production volumes. The specific value of the production capabilities of any company lies in the optimal production volume and its production capacity.

The optimal volume of production is the volume that ensures the fulfillment of the concluded contracts and obligations for the production of products within the established time frame with minimal costs and the highest possible efficiency. Production capacity represents the company's annual supply, taking into account the availability and use of resources, changes in the level of current prices.

Production capacity calculation

The value of production capacity is the volume of fixed assets, including the degree of their use. Thus, the production capacity can be defined as the maximum possible output of products per unit of time in physical terms in the established nomenclature and assortment according to the plan, with full use of equipment and production area. The calculation of production capacity takes into account the use of advanced technology, the improvement of the production organization and the organization of labor, and ensures high quality products.

Production Capacity Factors

Several factors can influence the value of production capacity, among which are:

1. the number and composition of installed machines, equipment, units and mechanisms,
2. technical and economic use of mechanisms, machines,
3. progressiveness of engineering and technology in production,
4. equipment working time fund,
5. the level of organization of labor and the production process,
6. production areas of the main workshops and the enterprise as a whole,
7. the intended assortment and nomenclature of products that have a direct impact on the production of products in the presence of certain equipment.

In the case of determining the composition of equipment, a set of equipment of the main production is taken into account in accordance with the types that are installed at the beginning of the year, as well as those put into operation in the planned year. The calculation of production capacity does not include standby equipment, equipment for experimental and experimental sites, equipment that is used for vocational and technical training.

Method of calculation

The calculation of the production capacity of the enterprise cannot be carried out once, since it changes over time. The calculation of production capacity takes place on a certain calendar date, mainly on January 1 of the planned year and January 1 of the next. At the same time, input power is calculated in the planned year, and output power in the next year. The production capacity calculation also calculates the annual average capacity used to compare plans and reports on the production of finished products. In general, the formula for calculating production capacity is presented as follows:

MP = Pob * Fob

MP = Fob/T

Here MP is the power indicator,

Pob - productivity in pieces per unit of time,

Fob - equipment time fund,

T - labor intensity.

Output and average annual power

The output and average annual capacity of an enterprise can be calculated using several formulas. The output power is calculated using the following formula:

Mout \u003d Mvh + Mvv - Mvyb

Calculation of the average annual capacity of the enterprise is carried out according to the formula:

M cf \u003d Mvx + (Mvv * n1 / 12) - (Mvyb * n2 / 12)

Here Mvv is the input power,

Mvh - input power,

Mvyb - outgoing power,

H1 - months of operation of the introduced capacity,

H2 - months of absence of retired capacities

Examples of problem solving

EXAMPLE 1

EXAMPLE 2

Exercise	There are two complexes in the workshop of the enterprise, next year it is planned to buy another one. Parts are produced in this area. It takes half an hour for the complex to produce one set. At the beginning of the period, 4 sets of parts are produced for 1 hour, and 6 sets at the end of the period. The actual working time fund is 7200 hours. It is necessary to determine the input, output power and average production power.
Decision	Calculation of input production capacity: 7200 * 4 = 28,800 sets Output production capacity calculation: 28,800 + 7200*2 = 43,200 sets Average production capacity calculation: 28,800 + 14,400 * 5 / 12 = 34,800 sets
Answer	28800 sets, 43200 sets, 34800 sets