What do you need to open a pawn shop? Pawnshop business: how to open a home appliances pawnshop

How to open a pawnshop— The popularity of this search query is due, first of all, to the economic feasibility of the pawnshop business, repeatedly confirmed in practice. Everything about the procedure for registering a company for pawnshop activities - from choosing a name to property insurance - read in this article.

What you need to study before opening a pawnshop: preparatory work

The pawnshop business is one of the most difficult segments of business in terms of legislative regulation. In particular, it is here that the maximum number of requirements and restrictions are concentrated, non-compliance with which is fraught with large fines, and in some cases criminal liability.

What is a pawnshop?

Before deciding how to open a pawnshop, you should understand what it is. According to article 2 of the law "On pawnshops" dated July 19, 2007 No. 196-FZ, a pawnshop is a specialized commercial organization, the main direction of which is the provision of loans and the storage of things.

At the same time, the norm clearly names the organizational and legal form of a pawnshop - it is only a legal entity. That is, an individual entrepreneur cannot engage in pawnshop activities. In the vastness of the global network, you can often find directly opposite information, however, any statements that an individual entrepreneur has the right to open a pawnshop are a priori erroneous or false - the law is the same for everyone.

But there are no special requirements for the form of ownership of a pawnshop - it can equally be both a limited liability company and a joint-stock company. The main thing is that the organization is commercial, that is, it has the main goal of making a profit.

IMPORTANT: Forms of ownership of legal entities are listed in Article 50 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, from the content of which it is clear that various consumer cooperatives, partnerships, self-regulatory or public organizations, associations, communities, foundations, etc. are non-profit organizations, that is, create on their basis no pawnshop.

Types of pawnshops

The answer to the question of how to open a pawnshop directly depends on the choice of the type of future organization. In other words, a lot depends on the items of collateral and storage - whether these will be items made of precious metals, equipment, cars, etc.

There are restrictions on this matter, and all of them are stipulated in paragraph 3 of Article 2 of the Law “On Pawnshops”, which allows any movable property as collateral, with the exception of things prohibited in civil circulation or limited in it.

IMPORTANT! Issuing loans secured by real estate is the prerogative of banks. Of course, such announcements from organizations positioning themselves as pawnshops can be seen in various information sources, but they are illegal.

How to open a pawnshop, do you need a license for this - the most popular questions asked by those wishing to organize a pawnshop business. The answer is unequivocal: no license is needed. All types of business activities subject to licensing are reflected in the law of the same name dated 04.05.2011 No. 99-FZ, and there are no pawnshops among them.

Basic requirements for owners and managers

The relevance of the question "How to open a pawnshop?" for those who have a valid conviction for crimes in the field of economics or against state power, it is postponed until the cancellation or removal of a criminal record - part 1 of article 2.2 of the law "On pawnshops" prohibits such persons from being part of the founders or shareholders of a pawnshop.

The same applies to citizens brought to administrative responsibility less than a year ago, provided that disqualification is imposed as a punishment.

How to open a pawnshop: step by step instructions

In fact, the procedure for opening a pawnshop as an organizational stage of starting a business comes down to registering a legal entity. However, due to the specifics of the chosen type of business activity, this will require a significant amount of time, the lion's share of which will be the collection and execution of documents.

Stage 1: name selection

Clear legislative requirements begin to operate already at this stage: according to part 2 of article 2 of the law “On pawnshops”, the company name must contain the word “pawnshop” and a reference to the legal form (for example, Pawnshop Silver Hoof Limited Liability Company ").

Stage 2: determination of the form of ownership

The law does not prohibit the registration of a pawnshop in the form of a JSC, but from the point of view of expediency, it is still better to choose a limited liability company (LLC). In addition, the principle of functioning of an LLC is closer to the structure of pawnshop activity - it makes sense to open a joint-stock company for a business related to production, since it is in this segment that third-party investments are of great importance.

Another argument in favor of LLC is the relative simplicity of the establishment. The opening of a joint-stock company requires a preliminary issue of shares, their registration, etc., while an LLC does not imply any such conditions.

Stage 3: address determination

To register a company, a legal address is required. It can be either rented premises or owned by the founders.

IMPORTANT: if for the opening of most legal entities it is allowed to use one of the participants in the company as the address of residence, then in the case of a pawnshop this is not possible. That is, you will have to take care of finding a suitable room.

Stage 4: preparation of documents for registration of a legal entity

1. Choice of activity code.

Since 01/01/2017, OKVED codes have been updated. From this date, activities for the provision of short-term loans by pawnshops secured by movable property correspond to code 64.92.6. IMPORTANT! In order to sell the property pledged and not redeemed in time, it is necessary to create an independent legal entity - if necessary, this is possible with the same participants. But the pawnshop itself cannot engage in trade in any form.

1. Making a decision to establish a company (LLC).

If the future pawnshop has a single participant, the decision is made solely, if there are several - based on the results of the meeting of the founders. In any case, such a decision should reflect the following points:

• the name of the company (pawnshop) - full, short, foreign language (the latter is mostly relevant for companies opened in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation that have their own language);
• legal address and location (actual address);
• the size and methods of contribution of the authorized capital;
• approved charter of the company;
• information about the head and his appointment (the head can be either one of the founders or a hired employee).

1. Preparation and drafting of the charter.

The requirements for the charter of the organization are set out in Article 52 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Since 2014, there is no need to enter information about the location of the company and other data that are subject to reflection in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities. The main attention is paid to the presence in the charter of data on the goals of creating a company, the structure and size of the authorized capital, as well as the principles of the organization's activities and the procedure for its liquidation.

1. Formation of the authorized capital.

The minimum authorized capital is 10,000 rubles. Since September 2014, it can only be paid in cash; contribution in the form of property is allowed only in the part exceeding the lower limit.

Stage 5: registration of a legal entity

At this stage, everything is also standard so far - the procedure comes down to submitting an application in form P1 1001 to the tax office at the location of the legal address, paying the state duty (4,000 rubles) and providing all previously collected documents in a stitched and numbered form.

IMPORTANT: the application is signed by all the founders of the company in the presence of a notary.

The processing time for an application is 3 business days. If the IFTS employees do not have any questions, after the specified time, the applicant will receive a package of documents:

• certificate of state registration of a legal entity;
• certificate of tax registration;
• a copy of the charter with a mark of registration;
• extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities.

This completes the registration of the company, but the question of how to open a pawnshop - what documents are needed, still remains relevant. The collection of these documents should be started immediately after the registration of a newly created LLC in the Pension Fund, as well as in the Social Insurance Fund - these are mandatory conditions for all companies, regardless of the type of business activity.

Stage 6: registration with Rosfinmonitoring

Within 30 days after the registration of the pawnshop, it must be registered with the Federal Financial Monitoring Service.

To do this, you will need to submit a full package of documents to the territorial division of Rosfinmonitoring, including:

• registration card as an organization carrying out operations with cash and other property;
• copies of constituent documents;
• copies of documents confirming the right to the premises in which the pawnshop is located (lease agreement, certificate of registration of ownership);
• certificate of the presence in the organization of the head and chief accountant;
• certificate of availability of a special guarded premises for the storage of collateral;
• certificate of the presence of an internal regulation regulating the activities of the pawnshop;
• certificate of availability of equipment for accounting information and funds, as well as for property valuation;
• financial statements at the time of commencement of operations, prepared in accordance with accounting standards.

From the list of documents required for registration with Rosfinmonitoring, it follows that, simultaneously with the registration of a legal entity, it is necessary to take care of drawing up special provisions, equipping premises, installing alarms, software, etc.

Step 7: Registration with the Assay Office

This stage is relevant for pawnshops planning to accept items made of precious metals and stones as collateral. The requirement to register is due to the Instruction on the procedure for accounting and storage of precious metals, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance “dated 09.12.2016 No. 231n.

For registration, it is necessary to submit an appropriate application, a certificate of the availability of specially equipped premises, as well as confirm compliance with the requirements for the training and education of personnel accepted to work with precious property.

IMPORTANT: the confirmation format is constantly changing, so it is better to clarify this procedure immediately before registration. Updated information is available on the official Internet resource of the Russian State Assay Chamber under the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation.

Stage 8: property insurance

Property stored in a pawnshop is subject to compulsory insurance in favor of the pledgers - in case of loss of valuables, their destruction, etc. The choice of an insurance company can be done at your discretion - the law does not contain any restrictions on this.

For reasons of convenience, it is best to take out insurance for the total amount - without reference to a specific item, otherwise you will have to conclude a separate contract for each item of collateral, which is technically not always possible.

The insurance stage is the last stage of opening a pawnshop. This will be followed by various organizational issues related directly to the business, and not to its establishment: recruitment and training of personnel, approval of the work schedule, etc. By the way, the schedule can be free, but there is still one requirement of the law - the opening of a pawnshop is not before 08:00 and closing - no later than 20:00.

Opening a pawnshop can be a very profitable business, despite the fact that it requires a lot of care, especially when registering. In addition, it should be noted that you will need a decent amount of free material resources so that all stages of organizing your business go off with a bang.

Such an office is a certain institution that has the right to dispose of loans to individuals, provided that they leave property as collateral.

In this article, we will tell you how to open your own pawnshop from scratch, what needs to be done for it to flourish, and what difficulties a novice entrepreneur in this area may face.

Is it profitable

Today in Russia there are approximately 4-5 thousand pawnshops. And this number is constantly growing. According to statistics, such a business has an annual increase of 15%. In fact, this is a big indicator, because the number of the same stores in our country increases by only 10-12% per year.

In fact, a pawnshop is a small bank, but with very favorable conditions. The client can issue any loan in it - from 100 rubles to several hundred thousand. The most pleasant thing is that this amount does not even have to be returned, however, you will have to sacrifice your property. In this case, the owner of the establishment can dispose of it independently.

Such offices began to bring the greatest profit not so long ago, after the onset of the economic crisis, when the need for funds increased sharply.

For almost ten years, opening a pawnshop has been considered an incredibly profitable business, which everyone can organize.

Why are pawnshops attractive to customers?

• A loan is issued in a very short period of time (from several minutes to an hour).
• You can get almost any loan amount.
• Any person from the age of 18 can apply for all documents for a loan if they have only a passport.
• The client has the full right to pledge any property that represents at least some value.

The most popular and profitable business is jewelry buying, and here's why:

• You have minimal risks, because the loan is equal to no more than 90% of the total cost of the products. Therefore, if the client does not agree to redeem his collateral, then you can sell it very profitably.
• You will not need a large room, for example, to open an auto-pawnshop. The most important thing is the safe, do not skimp on it.

How to open a pawnshop: step by step instructions

Here are the main points that will help you cope with opening your business as quickly and easily as possible.

Explore the market in your city

As we have already said, the number of pawnshops is only growing every year. This is facilitated by several factors: the abolition of licensing, the demand for quick loans from the population, the lack of large offices in some regions.

Carefully read the services and conditions of all the buying centers in your city. What are they betting on? Try to find an area in which you can excel, for example, set a lower rate on certain types of property.

Decide on the mode of operation and specialization

After completing the first point, it will not be difficult for you to find a gap in the system of this business in your city. Think about what citizens lack, what you would like to do. Did these items match? Many pawnshops are now open 24/7. Consider this specificity when selecting staff.

Calculate your investment

An important step. Before starting your business, be sure to make all deductions. Make a business plan and decide on all possible expenses. Calculate income. Think about how much money it could cost to pay employees. What expenses will be monthly, and what are lump-sum?

Come up with a name

Naming is a whole science. Be sure to choose such a name so that it immediately becomes popular. Do not be afraid of creativity and brightness, but in moderation. This is especially advantageous in a highly competitive environment.

Pick a seat

Give preference to small rooms in densely populated sleeping areas. Firstly, it is easier to find clients this way, and secondly, the rent in such areas is quite low.

Register as a legal entity

To do this, issue an LLC or IP. If you are going to issue only loans, then the first option will give you more professional opportunities. Don't forget to select the general tax regime. In the charter, indicate the special numbers of OKVED codes that regulate the work of pawnshops - 67.13.5. \65.22.6\ 74.14.

If you want to carry out activities for the sale of things, for example, open a thrift store on the basis of the office, then choose an individual entrepreneur with a simplified tax payment system. you can learn more about how to do this.

Get the required documents

After you have become a full-fledged legal entity, take care of the rest of the necessary paperwork. You will have to register with the Assay Office, the Federal Financial Monitoring Service, obtain a license and register your activities.

Buy equipment

You will have some time that you can easily spend on thinking over not only the design of the room, but also its technical component. All this just while all the documents are drawn up and approved by higher authorities.

How much to spend on the purchase of computers, MFPs, showcases, tables and chairs is up to you. There is an option to purchase used appliances and furniture, or, on the contrary, you can order an individual project from a designer and the latest equipment in another country. It all depends on the available funds and the chosen concept.

Consider Purchasing Special Software

Software is almost the most important thing in organizing your business. It takes into account and controls everything that happens to its finances and workflow. It is your real assistant, which is why you need to carefully consider the choice of security.

Looking for employees

It will take time to find conscientious and experienced workers. It is best to contact a recruitment agency, they will help you find qualified specialists. For the first time, you need 2 cashiers and 2 appraisers working in shifts.

Prepare internal documentation

Before you start working, be sure to check that you have the following papers:

• Book of expenses and income.
• Journal of TB.
• Order about rates.
• Responsibilities of each employee.
• Statement of the value of gold (if you are engaged in jewelry).
• Labor contract.

Take care of safety

Your establishment will always be in some potential danger: money, jewelry, technology - all this is of interest to robbers. So be sure to think about how to protect yourself. It can be a security guard, a panic button, or an alarm at the entrance.

Before the opening, it is best to spend a real holiday with a quiz and distribution of prizes. Do not be stingy, because in order to attract customers, you need to make them know about you.

How to open a pawnshop for buying gold

Armed with all the above points, we will tell you, using a simple example, in more detail how to start a business from scratch and succeed in it. Consider organizing your own gold buying business and dwell on each step in more detail.

Getting to know competitors

Most likely in your city there is more than one office that issues money on the security of property. Find out what they specialize in. For example, auto-pawnshops are not your enemies. But the dealers involved in the sale of jewelry are direct competitors. Study their business.

Introduce yourself as a visitor and check the service, the professionalism of the staff. Notice the weaknesses and do better in your office. In general, introducing yourself as a client is a great option, you can see not only how the work of the entire competitor company is organized, but also compare the design of the room with your plan, the quality of equipment and furniture.

Pay attention to the area where the pawnshop is located. How do you think this affects the number of customers? Take on board some of the "chips", and try to benefit from the shortcomings for yourself.

Work schedule is a guarantee of profit

When does a person bring his property to a pawnshop? Correctly. When he urgently needs money. Urgent means any time of the day or night. The client has no time to wait: if you are closed, he will go to competitors. Organize round-the-clock work of the office without holidays and weekends. This way you will be able to receive more people and, accordingly, will begin to make a profit that exceeds your expectations. Plus, against the background of other competitors, your schedule will be convenient. Therefore, among potential customers, you will be highly preferred, even in the absence of urgency. Why try to be in time before 20.00, if you can bring the thing to you after work or all the cases even at one in the morning?

A business plan is not just words

Where does the organization of any business begin? From calculations. Required in writing. Firstly, it is clearer, and secondly, more accessible and understandable. Even at the planning stage, take care to compare the costs with the available initial capital.

So, we take the amount for the registration of papers, the purchase of software and furniture, we add rent and payment to employees. Let's try to take into account the interest rate that you want to work with, and calculate how many loans you will have to make in order to pay off your business.

For example, your rate is 10%. You spend 110,000 rubles per month, your desired profit is 100,000 rubles. In this case, it is necessary to issue loans in the amount of at least 210,000 rubles.

How to choose a place and name for the office?

To function normally, you will need a room area of ​​​​25 to 80 m². Prefer quiet, but densely populated areas not in the very center of the city. Keep in mind that the flow of people is important, so choose places near markets, squares, metro stations, busy highways and shopping centers.

It is advisable to purchase a room with a separate entrance, but if this is not possible, then you can open an office in the residential building itself.

Make sure that direct competitors are not located nearby, but the neighborhood with an auto pawnshop will only benefit. Perhaps their customers will also be interested in your services.

Be careful in choosing a name. Don't use long phrases - they are hard to remember and don't look good on the sign. Let the name of your office inspire reliability and trust, be concise and understandable. For example, "Old Pawnbroker" or "Greedy Master" are bad options, as well as "City Pawnshop". Try not to go to extremes, but also not to merge with the general mass.

You should not call the office by proper names, for example, you don’t really want to pawn jewelry in the Oleg pawnshop. But "BANKir", "Russian Loan" and even "Gold Carat" sound quite good.

What documents are needed before opening a pawnshop?

After you have registered an LLC or individual entrepreneur, it's time to prepare the papers in order to be registered with many other organizations.

You will need to submit the following documents to the Federal Financial Monitoring Service:

• An application with a request to put you on a special account - it is written arbitrarily, signed by the owner of the organization and certified by your seal.
• A card that can provide you with registration. It is certified by a notary and drawn up in the form 2-KPU.

After that, you need to register at the Assay Office. Submit there:

• Application for registration.
• A special card filled in the form.
• Extract from the USREO letter.
• Photocopy of TIN.
• Passport.

Appliances and furniture - the main items of expenditure?

If you are going to open a gold pawnshop, then here is a rough list of equipment and furniture that you will need for a normal workflow.

• Trade showcases - 4 pieces.
• Shelves - 2 pieces.
• Counter - 1 pc.
• Armchairs - 2 pcs.
• Lamp for appraiser - 1 pc.
• Information board - 1 pc.
• Table - 2 pieces.

In addition, you will have to spend money on office equipment:

• Computers or laptops - 2 pcs.
• MFP - 1 piece.
• Landline phone with a dedicated line - 1 pc.

For your safety, please purchase:

• Iron door - 1 pc.
• Surveillance camera - 4 pieces.
• Monitor - 1 piece.
• Video recorder - 1 piece.
• Safe - 2 pcs.

And finally, there is no getting away from buying special equipment for work:

• Scales - 1 pc.
• A device that can determine the authenticity and quality of gold - 1 pc.
• Tools for checking the quality of stones.
• Loupes.

By far, this is the biggest expense item, but you can cut it down a bit if you buy furniture made from inexpensive materials or second-hand. But saving on professional tools or a PC is not worth it.

Software is the heart of the pawnshop

The software will help you keep track of your expenses, control your income, ensure fast and uninterrupted operation of all departments of your office. Let's talk about different programs that are popular with owners of pawnshops in our country:

Jadatex PawnShop
The simplest system. Performs automated calculations. Works with all types of collateral. In addition, you can set the rates and conditions that are convenient for you.

SmartPawnshop
A good solution if, in addition to loans and loans, you decide to sell goods. Ideally adapts, allows you to perform all operations in a short time. The Russian-language interface is a clear plus.

PawnExpert
Supports barcode scanning, which is incredibly convenient when making payments. Automates income and expense calculations. Helps to facilitate the work of employees. Forms cash orders.

BIT.Lombard
Created on the 1C platform. The advantage is that it can be controlled via the Internet and even from a mobile phone. Completely eliminates the human factor and automates all processes in the office.

Kors Lombard
A good program that can independently draw up contracts, issue checks and fully control the process of issuing a loan. Indispensable when calculating the cost of jewelry.

Competent employees are the key to the success of your enterprise

When choosing employees, give preference to their experience and professionalism.

They will have to deal with jewelry, so knowledge in the field of metals and jewelry will be useful. Cashiers must have sales skills, understand the design of accounting.

In addition to them, professional appraisers may be needed - people who can determine the sample of jewelry by eye and name its approximate cost. Often, clients rent antique items to pawnshops, so knowledge of the history of art will help such an employee to correctly evaluate and identify the true relic.

note

The fact is that it is very difficult to find such professionals on your own, so contact a recruitment agency, they will definitely help you. Do not skimp on such specialists, because they can help your business flourish.

Well, let's not forget about safety. The activities of pawnshops are always associated with the risk of robbery, so you need a reliable security guard. Sign an agreement with any security organization in your city and ensure the protection of your business.

Don't skimp on ads

A few days before the opening of your point, prepare announcements and banners, hang them around the city. A good idea would be sound and video advertising in the shopping center.

Order a good quality sign, let it be concise and understandable to customers.

On the opening day, hold a promotion with a quiz and prizes, hold drawings among the residents of the area, so you will win them over and get potential customers. They should associate your services with reliability and security.

As you can see, opening a pawnshop from scratch is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance. A business based on the purchase of property or jewelry is a serious business that requires you not only to be attentive, but also to have certain skills and knowledge. You will have to deal with calculations, design, positioning yourself in the market. However, just think about how much profit your work can bring you. If you have been thinking until now whether it is worth running your own office and organizing the issuance of secured loans or not, now your doubts should be dispelled. After all, you determine the amount of investment in your business yourself, but the income will pleasantly surprise you completely regardless of it.

The correct assessment of the value of precious metals is the key to the success of a pawnshop

Today, pawnshop clients are middle-income people. Such institutions are in demand in the sleeping areas of megacities, and in the city center, if we are talking about a small town. This pattern is explained by the fact that the middle class of the population is settled according to this principle.

For loan offices seasonality - spring or autumn. Most often, people need money before the holidays or after it, to pay current loans. This jump is insignificant, and does not exceed 10%.

How to open a pawnshop

As with opening any business, capital investments will be a mandatory start. In addition to rent and equipment, the cost part includes hiring staff and an advertising budget.

What you need to open a pawnshop:

• rental of premises;
• covering the entire room with iron wire;
• conducting and establishing video surveillance;
• installation of an alarm system and taking the object under protection;
• purchase of special furniture, safes, cells for storing pledged property (this equipment should be of two types - for daily and long-term storage);
• car pawnshops should be equipped with parking lots in the adjacent territory.

A universal loan office will require from 50 to 100 m² of rented area. If the institution accepts only precious metals, then this figure may drop to 20-30 m².

Staff

The team of any pawnshop is small. Apart from the owner, it can consist of 4 people.

1. Merchandiser-appraiser
2. Security guard
3. Accountant
4. Manager

The most dangerous and risky position is the work of a merchandise appraiser. He must correctly evaluate the product so that the company does not remain in the red; must follow the market and have a good understanding of the value of jewelry. Distinguishing gold from fakes is also very important, so a good stable experience is needed here.

The work of other employees is less significant.

What else do you need to open a pawn shop?

In order for the service to take place at a high level, you will need good software that will allow you not to delay customers.

The equipment for weighing and evaluating is also original. It includes scales, magnifying glasses, a technique for determining the authenticity of diamonds.

If you plan to receive digital and household appliances, then you need to stock up on disks, headphones, batteries, so that you can easily check the health of the devices.

Read also: Business plan for organizing a place for a family vacation

How much does it cost to open your own pawn shop? the total of the above expenses will be approximately 1 million rubles.

Required documents

Any owner needs to register his future business and choose the appropriate type of legal board for himself. It can be: LLC, CJSC, OJSC.
To ensure that this process does not drag out and meets all standards, we advise you to contact a company that provides legal services of just such a profile.

Documents that will be needed for registration of an object of entrepreneurial activity:

• company charter;
• the decision to establish it;
• if there are several owners, then the agreement of founders signed between them;
• permission to engage in this type of activity;
• payment of state duty;
• declaration of desire to register your business.

The list of documents required for the full operation of the pawnshop:

• registration certificate;
• documents that will prove the right of ownership or lease of premises;
• conclusion from the sanitary station listing the types of work performed.

Lend people and make money from it

Pawnshop as a business - is it profitable to do it?

The procedure for obtaining a loan at a pawnshop is very simple: a person pledges a thing and receives an amount for it that does not exceed 95% of the appraised value. This loan is given for one month only.

If the borrower is not able to redeem his property at the end of the month, the values ​​are re-mortgaged, but at the same time the interest rate and the cost of storage increase. If the second time to redeem the thing did not work, it is put up for public auction.

A pawnshop, as a lender of small amounts, is much more convenient than a bank. There is no paperwork, no need to provide income statements, and cash is issued within two hours.

Good returns can be achieved using one of the following business strategies.

Profit from paid interest rates

In this case, the owner is interested that the commodity balances are not stale and, in the end, are redeemed by borrowers. It is permissible for them to leave only 5-10% of all pledged values.

Purchase of gold, precious metals and stones

This strategy is based on the resale of cheaply bought jewelry. Here it is necessary to greatly underestimate the estimated cost and put forward "unaffordable" interest for borrowers.

Pawnshops can also be divided according to the types of pledged values, but most often they are precious metals - gold, and stones - diamonds.

If the piece of jewelry has inserts made of other metals or stones, then they are deducted from the total weight of the item. The main criteria for evaluating a piece of jewelry is the fineness of gold and its weight.

There are also car pawnshops where cars are mortgaged property.
It is rather unprofitable to buy clothes or household appliances although there is demand in the market.

• How to open a jewelry store

Here we will consider an article on how to open a pawnshop from scratch, what is needed for this, what documents and permissions are required to open it.

The process of opening a pawnshop is very different from the creation of a conventional company. The main thing to remember is that its activities are very strictly regulated by law. If you do not comply with the requirements of the law, you will face significant penalties. To avoid possible problems, we will analyze from scratch the process of organizing a pawnshop and all possible requirements for it.

Instructions how to open

So, let's look at step-by-step instructions on how to open a pawnshop.

Legislation

First, it is necessary to study the legislative acts regulating the activities of the pawnshop.

The main document is the Federal Law of July 19, 2007 No. No. 196-FZ "On pawnshops" - reads as follows:

• This is a specialized commercial organization that has the right to carry out two main activities: the provision of short-term loans to the population and the storage of things.
• The pawnshop is prohibited from engaging in other activities.
• The obligation of this institution is to insure pledged things for the entire term of the loan.
• All things transferred for storage or as a pledge must be evaluated.
• The pawnshop is obliged to conclude an agreement when granting a loan. It fixes the main points of the transaction (rate, amount, loan term, date of return, assessment and name of the pledged thing).
• One copy of the pledge ticket must be given to the borrower. The second is kept in a pawnshop.
• By signing the contract, the borrower undertakes to return the received funds, as well as interest within the terms specified in the contract. If the loan is overdue for more than 1 month, the pawnshop has the right to sell the pledged property.
• The sale is made by way of sale. If the price of the thing is more than 30,000 rubles, then the pawnshop is obliged to sell this thing during public auction in the form of an open auction.

Please note: the law provides for the possibility for pawnshops only to issue loans and store things. Therefore, to sell the property, you will have to open another legal entity.

The second document is the order of RosFinMonitoring No. 203 dated August 03, 2010 “On approval of the Regulations on the requirements for the training and education of personnel engaged in transactions with money or other property in order to counteract the legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime and the financing of terrorism” . For non-compliance with the terms of this order, a legal entity is held administratively liable, and if further violations are detected, it may even be closed.

Pawnshops dealing with precious metals and stones are also required to comply with the requirements of the Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation No. 68n dated August 29, 2001.

Taxation and its features

The Tax Code obliges pawnshops to apply a general system of taxation. Keep in mind that the interest received is not subject to VAT, but storage activities are subject to this tax. Accordingly, the pawnshop is obliged to carry out separate accounting.

Justification of economic feasibility

Before opening a pawnshop, you need to understand its future efficiency:

1. Estimate investments for opening;
2. Forecast the expenditure part;
3. Calculate the required number of loans issued per month, which will be able not only to cover all expenses, but also to make a profit.

Example

For calculations, let's take a hypothetical pawnshop in Moscow.

To open, you need a room (40 m2). For its equipment, 500 thousand rubles will be needed: repairs, purchase of furniture, office equipment, special equipment, safes, accounting programs and advertising costs for the pawnshop. To carry out direct activities, money is needed for issuing loans. In our case - 10,000,000 rubles.

Monthly expenses will amount to about 800,000 rubles: rent, salary, security, insurance, advertising, etc.

The average rate in pawnshops is 10%. Focusing on this rate and expenses, you can find out that the break-even point will be fixed at 8.8 million rubles. This is the amount you need to give out per month in order to “go to zero”. But we need a profit, so he should give out much more per month. Using the methodology for calculating the working capital of a pawnshop, you can make independent calculations. To make a profit, there must be at least 40-50 visits per day. If these conditions are met, in 3-6 months you will reach the break-even point. In 5-7 years, the pawnshop will pay for itself. This period largely depends on the volume of issuance, location, advertising and competitive environment.

Registering a company - step by step instructions

What does it take to open a pawnshop? If the economics of the idea suits you, but the laws do not scare you? So, it's time to move on to the registration process:

1. We register a legal entity with the Tax Inspectorate. The organizational form is better to choose "LLC".
2. We select the types of activities provided for by law (OKVED 65.22.6., 67.13.5., 74.14).
3. We put the organization on record with the Federal Financial Monitoring Service. After registration, 30 days are given for this.
4. We also register with the Assay Office, as your organization, a pawnshop, will deal with the circulation of precious stones and metals.
5. We choose an insurance company and insure in favor of the mortgagors all things accepted as collateral. It is easier to take out insurance for a certain amount. This eliminates the need to insure every item. Remember, this procedure is carried out at your own expense!

Choosing the right location

The payback period of a pawnshop depends to a large extent on its location. Therefore, when choosing a place, we focus on the following parameters:

• We choose the first or basement floor (the entrance should not be from the yard).
• We provide high "passability" due to being in a densely populated area.
• The premises of the pawnshop must comply with the requirements of the SES and comply with the requirements of fire safety.

The final stage

We have passed all the main stages. There is little left to do:

1. Form a pawnshop team;
2. Determine the work schedule;
3. Develop internal documentation;
4. Ensure the protection of the object by concluding an agreement with a security company;
5. Purchase software.

We hope this article on how to open a pawnshop will help you get started.

The best form of ownership for working with credit funds on a small scale is an LLC. When registering a case, you need to understand that the pawnshop itself has the right only to issue loans and store pledged movable property.

To sell unredeemed items, you need to open an enterprise operating in the field of trade.

The main laws governing your activities: "On pawnshops" and "On consumer credit (loan)". They describe a lot of nuances of the work of these enterprises, so it’s definitely worth getting acquainted. For example, the client's property is subject to compulsory insurance on your part for the period of storage.

When registering an organization, indicate the OKVED codes:

• 74.14. – “Consulting on commercial activities and enterprise management”;
• 65.22.6. – “Granting short-term loans by pawnshops secured by movable property”;
• 67.13.5. - Provision of services for the storage of valuables.

You need to submit documents and register with the Federal Financial Monitoring Service. If you accept precious metals, then also in the assay office. No licenses are required to operate.

The organization must have the word "pawnshop" in its name. The rest of the words are at the discretion of the owner. Ideally, the name should consist of two or three words, inspire confidence and a sense of reliability.

Specialization

Many are tormented by the question “Is it profitable now to open a pawnshop?” The organization issuing loans, with the right approach, is always profitable.

At the initial stage, decide on the specialization of the enterprise, that is, what will be taken as collateral. The most common are jewelry, antiques, cars, household appliances and electronics. Each category has its own pitfalls..

car pawnshop

To avoid problems with a stolen or incorrectly cleared car, you need to establish contacts with the traffic police and carefully check each client.

Jewelry

The main risks are stolen valuables and incorrect property valuation. Need an experienced appraiser and good equipment to distinguish gold from ordinary gold-plated metal, to identify the actual sample, to determine the current market price of the goods. You should not issue loans to frankly dubious individuals.

Engineering and electronics

Such property can fail, become obsolete, fall in price. The appraiser should have a good understanding of electronics and market trends. For equipment, it is not recommended to give a loan for more than a month.

antiques

Most of the difficulties with storage and evaluation compared to other property. It takes a lot of space and a highly skilled merchandiser not to be deceived in the true value of the goods. You can protect yourself from such risks with the help of insurance.

In Russia, the most popular pawnshops that accept jewelry, and universal, working with any property at their own discretion, in order to get the maximum number of customers.

Pawnshop space

The perfect place- sleeping area near the city center. It should be located near stops, major roads, shopping centers, markets, on the ground floor or in the basement of an office building, a residential building. A bright and clear sign is required to attract attention.

The area of ​​the premises depends on the specialization of the pawnshop. Universal will require 50-100 square meters, working with precious metals - no more than 40 square meters. m. On average, this figure is 60 square meters. m.

Rent - about $ 400 per month, repair and arrangement - about $ 1,000. Throwing dust in the eyes with expensive furniture and repairs is not worth it; a modern client trusts a neat office with simple furnishings.

The premises are divided into two parts - an office and a warehouse. Special requirements are imposed on the security system.

A metal door, a reliable lock, an alarm system, a “panic button”, a fire safety system, an emergency exit are needed.

Pawn shop equipment

Here is a list of equipment and tools for a universal pawnshop that takes gold and electronics as collateral:

1. Laboratory scales (the most famous and reliable from the brands A&D, Acom, Sartorius, Gosmeter);
2. Tools (touchstone, magnifying glass needles, etc.) and reagents for checking gold items (Ultramag, Klio, CAVALLIN);
3. Diamond detector (Diamond Selector, PRESIDIUM);
4. Mobile phone stands, audio testers, headphones, adapters, adapters, batteries;
5. Safe (famous and not too expensive brands Aiko, Valberg);
6. DVR with Internet connection (Ritmix, Swo-Me, SJCAM);
7. Office equipment - computer, printer, telephone;
8. Furniture - table, chairs;
9. Warehouse racks.