Reading letters in English table. English from scratch

Hello friends.

I think each of you - whether you are a parent or a teacher - understands that the rules for reading English for children differ from the rules for adults, but not in content, but in terms of the volume and presentation of the material.

Preschoolers or school-age children who are just starting to learn English need to be given such information in very portions, accompanying all this with vivid pictures, video and audio materials. Of course, you should immediately give memorable examples and, if possible, reinforce everything with exercises. Then this topic will be easy and even interesting for a young student.

On this page you will find very colorful and useful tables with the main vowels of the English language. ().

In the first table you can see the basic vowels and how to read them.

In the second table - the most common combinations of vowels in words and also how to read them.

And in the third and fourth - examples of sentences with words containing the mentioned letters and combinations.

How to work with them?

To begin with, explain to the child that each vowel letter in English can be read differently and using the 1st table, look at the examples and read them together (you can also study if it is not clear to the child).
Then talk about the fact that in English there are vowels that often stand next to each other, and in this case they will sound together in their own way. On the examples from the 2nd table, you will see this and read it together.
In the third and fourth tables, you and your child can read whole sentences, each of which has several words with the same vowel sounds (they are underlined). Before each sentence example, a transcription icon with the sound being practiced is highlighted in red. Read it first, and then the entire sentence.

To make it easier for you, I recorded audio for these materials. Listen and practice.

Letters and sounds

Commentary on table 1: If you notice, every vowel in the English language can be read in two ways: either as we read it in the alphabet, or in a different way. So, usually in alphabetical order, letters "a, e, i, o, u" read in words that end with a letter "e" or consisting of more than one syllable . But in short monosyllabic words ending in a consonant, they are read differently. This must be remembered! Reading a letter "y" you also need to remember in two ways - but here the logic is different - in short words, where it is in last place, we read it alphabetically (to be precise, almost alphabetically), and in long ones - in a different way.

Regularly reread with children examples of short monosyllabic and longer English words with vowels - then their reading rules will be “recorded” in the child’s memory, and later he will be able to find out by analogy how the letter will be read. You will find a lot of similar practice in my .

Sentence examples

I hope you liked it!

By the way, I wrote about the important rules for teaching a child to read correctly in English - there you will also find some practice with voiced material.

How to learn to read in English (M. Kaufman) This is a very interesting book for kids. What is very remarkable, in parallel with learning to read, there is an acquaintance with the English-speaking culture. This awakens the interest and curiosity of the child in the language ... And interest, as you know, is already 50% of success! If not more...

If you have any questions, write and ask them in the comments - I will be happy to help.

For most parents, it becomes a big problem to teach a child to read in Russian, but to comprehend a foreign language in this sense is generally a real test for any child!

There is also no hope for a kindergarten and a school here, since not every educational institution can boast of good English teachers or the availability of a sufficient number of teaching hours in this subject.

Therefore, parents often decide to teach their child to read English on their own, and this is what becomes a big problem for them - just like for their child, shocked by complex science.

Is it possible to teach a child to read English at home? What training methods should be used to achieve the best result? Finally, when should one start learning and is there any benefit in early reading in a foreign language?

Why does a child need English?

It's no secret that learning two languages at once - native and "foreign" (English) - is a big burden for a child. So why teach at all?

English improves speech skills and helps the baby to comprehend the basics of both a foreign dialect and the Russian language.
It replenishes the baby's vocabulary and helps him memorize the letters of two alphabets at once.
Subsequently, the child learns other foreign languages much faster.

When to start?

At preschool age, a child is able to "absorb" any information, like a sponge, and comprehend two or three languages at once. This does not mean that there will be no difficulties in learning, but in the future the baby will read books in English easily and with pleasure, surprising his peers and teachers with his achievements.

Despite the fact that some attention is paid to such reading in elementary school, most kids constantly stumble when reading long and confusing expressions. Therefore, teaching children to read in English should begin somewhere around the age of five (psychologists consider this time ideal for learning a foreign language).

General rules for teaching reading in English

In order for the process of mastering reading in English to go smoothly and confidently, parents should follow certain recommendations:

establish for yourself the sequence of training, which can be found in the educational literature;
do not rush the baby: you will not achieve results by jumping from topic to topic and wasting energy on quarrels and conflicts;
divide each “lesson” into parts and spend it no longer than an hour;
use games in the learning process.

Starting with the alphabet

Teaching reading skills in English begins with mastering the alphabet. Make sure that the baby does not confuse the pronunciation of letters and sounds, because in Russian and English they often coincide.

So, the letter "a" in English and Russian is written the same way, but is pronounced differently: like "a" and like "hey". Therefore, you will need to pay special attention to transcription.

Two effective methods of mastering reading in English

After the alphabet has been learned, take a few days to review the material covered. Only now you can go further and choose one of the two methods of teaching your child to read in English, recognized by teachers as the most effective.

"From simple to complex"

Similarity of sounds

After mastering the English letters, it's time to get acquainted with the sounds. The kid should be clearly aware of the association of letters and sounds. After all, he only recently studied Russian and does not understand why in English and Russian some letters are the same, but are read differently.

Psychologically, it will be quite difficult for anyone to rebuild in this sense.

Pronunciation and spelling

One of the main problems of reading in English is the mismatch in the pronunciation of words and their spelling, so learning should begin with reading words such as "pot", "dog", "box" (that is, light and monosyllabic). Let your little one read in English by putting the letters into words.

We complicate the task

Move from simple words to more complex ones by asking your child to memorize them in their entirety. Control the baby so that he does not get confused and does not teach them in the wrong sound. To do this, use audio recordings and make sure that the child reads the sentences with the announcer or repeats them after you - this way the intonation is better felt and the meaning of the sentence is captured.

Reading comprehension

In the process of learning, it is very important to understand what you read. Let the child retell you the content of each text in Russian. If the kid does not understand something, translate the difficult part of the text for him, breaking it into separate sentences. At the same time, it is not worth chasing beauty and literature, it is much more important that the child feel the grammar.

Also, do not pay much attention to the speed of reading: it is important to teach the child to be able to read words correctly without distorting the pronunciation. This helps to facilitate the learning process, making it calm, smooth and ultimately bringing a guaranteed result.

Playful learning

Poems and tongue twisters

In order to start reading in English, you can offer your child entertaining poems and tongue twisters. They improve diction and have a beneficial effect on the understanding of the English dialect. To do this, you can start a game with cards: the kid reads the sentence and shows words from the text using pictures.

Games in English

For reading in English, another game also helps a lot: for 5-10 minutes, the child chats in English. It is not so important whether in separate words or whole sentences - the main thing is that he understands what he is talking about.

Translation of a fairy tale

Translation of a fairy tale read is another entertaining game for reading in English at home. Difficult words that appear during the translation process should be written down on a piece of paper and repeated regularly.

What else will help in the learning process?

In order for the child to study well, you need to follow some tips.

interest in learning

Any study ever bothers even the most assiduous child. The kid is not yet able to understand how important English is for him and what prospects it opens up for him. Motivate your child with play and encourage his achievements.

Special literature

Finding a good book for learning to read in English is no longer a problem: download it online, or buy it in a bookstore. But it would be best to choose ordinary “readers” for a good cause, teaching reading in two languages at once.

Praise

Any achievement - even if it is one correctly pronounced sound - should be marked with praise. You need to keenly feel the mood of the child, so as not to go too far in the learning process and not cause rejection of learning.

What are the benefits of learning a foreign language early?

Early development. Learning any language, the child learns to communicate with other people and work in a team, which has a beneficial effect on his communicative qualities in the future.
A good start for further learning a foreign language. The child develops spontaneity of speech, which has a positive effect on further learning to write and perceive words by ear.
Preparation for school. Children who read in English behave more disciplined and do not experience stress.

Summing up

Some especially ambitious parents believe that their baby is simply obliged to grasp everything on the fly and from the first lesson. However, reading in English is a lot of work! Therefore, the result in this matter should be expected only after 1.5-2 months of training (and only if the parents do not put pressure on the child).

So, if your kid can't master reading in English in any way, don't rush him. Let the learning process become for him a pleasant experience, calm and consistent, which in the end will lead him to an excellent result!

If you can't read English, don't despair. In the same USA, almost 14% of the population, that is, 32 million people, cannot read! Moreover, 21% of the population reads at the level of a fifth grader. It's never too late to learn to read English! Read this article and you will understand what you need to pay attention to.

Steps

Honing the basics

Start with the alphabet. The alphabet is the beginning of all beginnings, and you will find 26 of its letters in all words. You can learn the alphabet in many ways, choose the one that you like.

sing along. It will sound silly, but for many it is the songs that help. The melody allows you to memorize letters with minimal effort, shows the entire alphabet and the relationship between letters.
- You can listen to the song online or by downloading it to the player.
Feel. If you're more practical, then make letters out of sandpaper, then look at them, then close your eyes and run your fingers over the letter. After that, name the letter and the sound it denotes. Then take your finger off the paper and draw a letter with it in the air.
Move. Take magnets in the form of letters of the alphabet and move, move them, forming words out of them over time.
walk. If in a room, then take a floor covering with the letters of the English alphabet. Say the letter - step on the corresponding square. Ask someone to call you letters, and step on the corresponding squares yourself. Let your whole body participate in the process of learning the alphabet!

Distinguish between vowels and consonants. English vowels are denoted by the letters a, e, o, u and i, the remaining letters represent consonants.
- Vowels seem to open your mouth when pronouncing, consonants, on the contrary, close. Vowels are pronounced without unnecessary sounds, but consonants are pronounced together with other sounds.
Use the phonetic method of teaching reading. With this method, you will be able to better understand the relationship between letters and sounds. For example, when you learn when the letter “C” sounds like “sa” and when it sounds like “ka”, or when you notice that the syllable “-tion” reads like “shun”, you are using the phonetic method.
- Choose a way that is convenient for you from the two classic ones. The first - the so-called. “saw-say” when you learn to read the whole word, or the so-called. “syllabic approach”, in which you first learn to pronounce individual syllables and their combinations, and only then - words.
- The phonetic method is phonetic because it requires listening to the sound of syllables and words. To do this, you will need an online program, a DVD, or someone willing to help you learn the pronunciation of various combinations of sounds.
Learn punctuation marks. It is very important to know what all the small squiggles and dots mean, because they carry a lot of information that is important for a correct understanding of the sentence.
"Attack" words. This kind of tactic will help you learn the meaning and pronunciation of an unknown word by taking it apart and analyzing it sequentially.
- Look for visual cues. Check the page for photos, illustrations, or something like that. Look at what is depicted there and how it can intersect with the meaning of the sentence.
- Voice the word. Slowly, clearly pronounce the word. Then repeat the sounds themselves that make up the word, separately and clearly, starting from the very first.
- Split the word. Look at the word and see if it contains sounds, prefixes, suffixes, endings, and stems that you already know. Read each such piece, then try to make a whole word out of them and read it.
  - For example, you already know that the prefix “pre” means “before, in advance, in front of”, and the stem “view” means to look. What will the word “preview” mean? If you break it down into parts you know, then you can even guess the meaning - this is a “preview”.
- Looking for connections. Think about whether the words you don't know are similar to the ones you already know. Think, maybe this is a form of an unknown word, or what part?
  - Alternatively, try using a familiar word in the sentence and see if the meaning is lost. It may turn out that the meanings of the two words are close enough to each other to understand the connection between them.
Re-read. Did you read the offer? Let's do it again. Replace unknown words with those you know, and analyze if the sentence makes sense.

Use your background knowledge. Consider what you already know about the topic of a book, paragraph, or sentence, and use that knowledge to figure out what that word is.

Make guesses. Look at images, table of contents, chapter headings, maps, diagrams, and other parts of the book. Then, based on what you see, write down what you think about the book as a whole, what could be written in it, etc. Then start reading and see if your guesses are correct.

Ask questions. After reading the title of the book, the headings, looking at the pictures, etc., write down the questions you have about all of this. Try to answer these questions for yourself as you read the book, and write down your answers. If some questions remain unanswered - well, you will have to look for those who can answer them!

Visualize. Imagine that you are not reading a book, but watching a movie. Carefully, in all details, imagine the main characters, the setting and try to imagine how the story will unfold in space-time. It will not be superfluous to sketch all this.

Build connections. Think about it, can you draw parallels with what you read from your own experience? Maybe one of the characters in the book resembles someone you know? Or have you experienced similar situations? Or maybe the book reminds you of a movie? Write down all such connections and intersections that come to your mind - they will help you understand the book more easily.

At the initial stage of learning English, you inevitably have to deal with differences between your native language and a foreign one. Reading in English for beginners, children and adults, is usually one of the first steps in learning. And the first such differences between Russian and English are revealed as soon as you start learning to read in English. You are faced with transcription and rules for reading English. These two concepts are interconnected, since with the help of transcription we can write down and read the sounds that convey vowels and consonants in various combinations. But the rules of reading just explain how letters are pronounced in different environments.

There are a lot of reading rules in English, and they concern both vowels and consonants. In addition, a huge number of words are not read according to the rules, that is, they are exceptions. Therefore, it begins to seem that it is extremely difficult to learn all this. In fact, the rules of reading need to be learned, but there is no need to memorize them. After doing a few exercises on the rules of reading, you will already know how exactly the same type of words are read. In the learning process, when you read and listen to a variety of educational materials, the spelling, pronunciation and meaning of new words will be remembered as a whole.

Features of English pronunciation

Reading in English for beginners at first presents some difficulties due to the peculiarities of pronunciation - words are very often pronounced differently than they are written. Linguists even have such a saying - "We write - Manchester, we pronounce - Liverpool." This situation is due to the fact that historically in the English language there were, and still are, many dialects in which the same letters and combinations of letters were read differently, which eventually became fixed in official English. An example is the letter combination ough. The words though , through , thought differ in only one letter, and the letter combination ough is read differently in all words.

The role of transcription in teaching English to read

So, as we have already said, in addition to the numerous rules for reading in English, difficulties arise in mastering the transcription of the English language. Transcription is the recording of speech sounds using special characters. You should not avoid it, as it is the best assistant in learning a language, which, firstly, will save you time when learning new words, and secondly, it will help you avoid pronunciation mistakes. After all, when you write out or memorize new words, you definitely need to know how they are read correctly. There are two options for how to do this. The first is to listen to it in some online resource, and the second is to look at the transcription.

Now in some tutorials, as well as on training sites, you can find "English transcription in Russian." It is believed that writing an English word in Russian letters is much easier than learning some strange phonetic signs. Actually, this is a delusion. English phonetics differs from Russian so much that Russian letters can only approximately convey the pronunciation of English words, and mostly the simplest ones, the reading of which is not difficult even without this kind of “transcription”. Some English sounds simply do not exist in Russian, and the correct pronunciation of seemingly similar English and Russian sounds may have certain differences.

Thus, we recommend that you take the time to learn the transcription icons and read the sounds. This is one of the basic knowledge when mastering the rules of reading English for beginners. Transcription knowledge will serve you faithfully at all stages of your learning.

We analyze the rules of reading English

There are different classifications of rules for reading consonants and vowels in English. For vowels, as a rule, 4 types of syllables are distinguished. These are the 4 types of environments that a vowel can be in and that affect its pronunciation. Some textbooks consider only the first two types of syllable - open and closed, but take into account whether the letter r is involved in these types of syllable - since it affects the reading of vowels. Consonants in different combinations can also be read differently. I must say that the number of exceptions and reading options for the same letter combinations in different words give reason to consider the reading rules as more generalized recommendations that should be studied before you start reading.

To familiarize yourself with the rules of reading in English, we suggest that you take as a basis the table with the options for reading letters, which are given in your textbook for children “English. Grades 1-4 in diagrams and tables” N. Vakulenko. These English reading rules for children cover almost all possible readings of vowels and consonants in English. But before we go directly to the tables, let's deal with two more concepts that you will definitely meet when you get acquainted with the rules of reading. This is open and closed syllable.

The syllable is called open, when

ends in a vowel and is the last word
a vowel followed by a consonant and then a vowel again
the vowel is followed by another vowel

Examples of words with an open type of syllable (you can listen with sound):

age, blue, bye, fly, go

The syllable is called closed, when

ends in a consonant and is the last word
several consonants follow a vowel

Examples of words with a closed syllable type:

bed, big, box, hungry, stand

So, let's formulate the rules for reading English for beginners: tables for reading vowels and consonants.

Vowel reading tables

Consonant Reading Tables

Intonation in English

Even if a student learns all the basic grammar rules and 10-12 thousand lexemes, this will not make him close to the native speaker, because. he needs to delve into the phonemic structure of the language, in particular, to learn in which cases to use which type of intonation.

There are two main types - ascending and descending.

The first is used in sentences-requests, when addressing a person, when announcing the list (in this case, the intonation goes up on each of the words except the last one), after adverbs and introductory words at the beginning of a phrase, at the beginning of an alternative question, in a dividing question.

The second type of intonation, lowering the tone, is relevant in statements, when giving orders. It can be found in exclamations, in special questions.

How to train this skill?

Listen to how native speakers speak, how a particular word, sound, phrase is read in audio books.
Watch videos on this topic. Moreover, English should be the first and main language of the narrator.
Use the learning materials and apply the acquired knowledge in practice. Read aloud in English, after listening to the recording, talk at least a few times a week.
Record your speech and do a comparative analysis with the native language.

stress in english

With an incorrect accent in certain letter combinations, it will be difficult for a native English speaker to understand you. However, it is pointless to memorize stress for each word, since there is a certain systemic nature in this aspect.

Most words are stressed on the first syllable. But there are those who obey a different rule. For example, the suffix formations -tion, -cian and -cial require an accent in front of them (inform A option, opt i cian). The suffixes -(g)nomy and -logy (ge O logy, ec O nomy).

With prefixes it is still easier - they are skipped and remain unstressed. This works with prefixes in-, en-, con-, com-, re-, de-, ex-, etc.: exch A nge, enc O mpass.

Negative prefixes (non-, un-, in-, ir-, not-) also fall under this rule: un U irr E levant.

There are a number of words that change the stressed type of a syllable in English to unstressed depending on the meaning:

to object - object; O object - object;
to press E nt - give; pr E sent - a gift, a present.

Having learned the basic provisions that regulate stress, and with a little practice, you can easily reach a high language bar.

How to learn the rules of reading. Online exercises

As we have said before, there is no need to memorize the rules of reading by heart. You just need to use them. To begin with, go through several exercises on the rules of reading, reading aloud the same type of words in a row. This will help to consolidate the rules of reading and develop pronunciation skills. For additional control, you can take exercises with audio accompaniment. In fact, the reading rules are worked out automatically by themselves, since by regularly studying English, you listen, read, write - that is, practice to work out the reading rules is quite enough.

Choose words that have similar vowel sounds

Choose the words that have the same consonants

Make an English tongue twister from words

You can apply the rules of reading in practice on our website. By taking unique exercises using the Lim English method, you will be able to master not only reading, but also writing English words, as well as learn basic grammar rules and continue learning further.

Vowels in English are divided into monophthong, diphthong or triphthong. These are sounds that consist of 1, 2, 3 parts. Vowels are also divided into short and long sounding. They are designated like this: [i:], [ɔ:].

They are also divided into articulatory. So vowels are front-lingual, middle-lingual, back-lingual, closed, open, semi-open. Accordingly, their names speak directly about the position of the lips and tongue during pronunciation.

For example, anterior- sounds are formed through the front of the tongue, etc.

Transcription icons and their pronunciation

Pronunciation of all vowels

It can be understood from the following examples:

[i:] - the sound is similar to our "and" in the word "hurry", etc. Pronounced confidently and for a long time.

[ i ] - the sound is similar to our "and" in the word "at". It's short, not drawn out.

[ei] - the sound is similar to our "e" in the word "tin". Pronounced for a long time.

[æ] - a sound similar to the previous one. It is also pronounced for a long time, but with a mouth that is wide open.

[a:] - the sound is similar to our "a" in the word "beam" in the first case.

[ ɔ ] - the sound is similar to our "o" in the word "difficult". Pronounced briefly.

[ɔ:] - the sound is similar to our "o" in the word "school". Pronounced with a wide open mouth.

[ u ] - the sound is similar to our "u" in the word "ear". Pronounced briefly.

[u:] - a sound similar to the previous one. In the word "rooster" you can see exactly how it is pronounced.

[Λ] - the sound is similar to our "o" and "a" in the words "your", "gardens". Always stands in words with an accent.

[ ə ] - the sound is similar to our "ё" and "o" together in the word "iodine".

[iə] - the sound is similar to our "and" and "e", sounding together.

[ ai ] - the sound is similar to our "ai".

[ aiə ] - the sound is similar to our "ai", pronounced for a long time.

Consonants in English

Subdivided:

on bowed and slit;
on the lips, teeth;
anterior lingual, middle lingual, posterior lingual.

Also, consonants are voiced and deaf.

The last deaf consonants are characterized by powerful articulation, a significant decrease in articulation is characteristic of a sonorous consonant.

The consonant sounds of the English language are pronounced more actively than the corresponding sounds of the Russian language. Most of them are pronounced with aspiration (aspiration process).

Basic types of vowel reading

All vowels are read as they are usually read in the alphabet. Examples: stake, state, cake.
All vowels are short. You can read about short sounds above.. Examples: tree, me, be.
All vowels are long. You can read about long sounds above. Examples: my, style, why.
All vowels can be doubled in pronunciation. Examples: tune, Tuesday, music.

Basic rules for reading in English

Reading vowels

Most sounds can be found in six vowels. It is with them that the main rules of English reading are connected. So, depending on the location, combination with other letters and stress, the reading of vowels in a particular word depends.

Consider the rules for reading vowels in combination with other letters, stress and location.

The vowel "A" is divided into sounds:

[ei] - the words pan, flat. The sound is read here through our letter "e";
[æ] - the word take. Our sound "e" is read here in short form.
[a:] - the word far. Our sound “a” is read here in short form.

The vowel "E" is divided into sounds:

[i] - words meat. The sound "and" is read briefly.
[e] - the word met. It reads like a short "e".
[ə] - the word very. It reads like a long "e".
[iə] - words here, near. A long "and" and "a" are read together

The vowel I is subdivided into sounds:

[ai], [i], [ə] in the corresponding words mine, in, stir, fire

The vowel O is subdivided into sounds:

, [O], , [ə], in the corresponding words refuse, but, fur, lure.

The vowel Y is subdivided into sounds:

, [i], [ ə: ], in the corresponding words type, gym, myrtle, tire.

Are you tired of learning English for years?

Those who attend even 1 lesson will learn more than in a few years! Surprised?

No homework. Without teeth. Without textbooks

From the course "ENGLISH BEFORE AUTOMATIC" you:

Learn how to write good sentences in English without learning grammar
Learn the secret of a progressive approach, thanks to which you can reduce learning English from 3 years to 15 weeks
Will check your answers instantly+ get a thorough analysis of each task
Download the dictionary in PDF and MP3 formats, learning tables and audio recording of all phrases

Reading consonants in English

Features of reading some consonants

There are features in reading the four consonants:

"c" (=k=ck) [k],
"qu",
"j"
"X" .

All these sounds have several reading options depending on the location and combination with other letters.

The consonant "s" is read as our "k" sound and as our "s". In normal cases, "s" should be read as "k", but if they stand after the consonant "e", "i", "y", then "s" is read like the Russian "s" in the words "sit".

For example, the words ice, cinema, cycle are read this way.

The consonant "g" is usually read as our "ji" sound or as a "g" sound. It is usually customary to read the sound "g", but if they stand after the consonant "e", "i", "y", then "g" is read as "ji".

For example, the words age, gigantic, fridge, inginear are read this way. Special cases of pronunciation are remembered when studying the alphabet.

The consonant with the double form "s" is read as our sound "ks" after "e", "i", "y". But it should be remembered that the doubled form in consonants is not readable, only one letter is read.
The consonant "s" is read as our sound "s" and as the sound "z" depending on the voice. Vowels give voice.

In addition to these consonant features, others do not.

All other sixteen are read as spelled out.

Consonant B reads like our "b". Examples: big, better, bet, biten, brother.
The consonant D is read like our "d". Examples: door, ded, dog, middle, red.
Consonant F reads like our "f". Examples: foot, friend, false.
The consonant G is read as our "g". Examples: get, egg, giggle, google, gazer.
Consonant H reads like our "x". Examples: him, help, hill, hot.
The consonant K is read like our "k". Examples: kiss, desk, kitten, kitchen.
Consonant L reads like our "l". Examples: live, leave, loosen, lost, little.
The consonant M is read like our "m." Examples: milk, moon, simple, from.
Consonant N reads like our "n". Examples: note, not, near, nonsense, on.
The consonant P is read like our "p". Examples: put, plump, pop, stop.
Consonant R reads like our "r". Examples: rest, roof, berry, bread, rock.
The consonant S is read like our "s". Examples: sit, west, miss, stress, soul.
Consonant T reads like our "t". Examples: ten, title, test, true, tree.
The consonant V is read as our "in". Examples: very, seven, give, vivid.
Consonant W reads like our "in". Examples: well, twelve, swim, winter.
The consonant Z is read like our "z". Examples: zip, drizzle, fiz, zigzag, zoom.

Silent consonants

Fundamental rules.

In the letters “g”, “k”, you should not read “n” at the beginning and at the end of the word.

Examples: gnat, foreign, knee, knaif, campaign.

In the letters "b", "n" should not be read after the "m" at the end of the word.

Examples: bomb, autumn, thumb, column.

The letter “p” should not be read in combinations “pn”, “ps”.

Examples: pneumatic, psychology.

Do not read the letter "w" before "r".

Examples: wrap, wrong.

To learn English, namely to be able to apply it in life, and in addition to achieve such a speech that will be understandable to foreigners, you need to know how to pronounce a particular word.

To achieve this level of English, you need to use:

Books and manuals for learning English. But not those that say “English in three days” or “English in a few months”, because, of course, it is impossible to learn and be able to apply the language in life in such a short time.
Audio and video for learning English. By listening to English speech and music more, you can quickly achieve the desired result, even in a short time. In addition, pronunciation will improve and foreigners will treat a person as if they are talking to a person from the same country.
Teacher or tutor. It is desirable that the person has studied abroad or has been abroad for several years.
foreigners. Experience in correct pronunciation and reading is acquired directly with practice.

home > Metallurgy