Documentation. Development of the Arctic zone of Russia Social development in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation
The draft of a new edition of the state program “Socio-economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation” was approved
At a meeting of the Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2017, the draft of a new edition of the state program “Socio-economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation” was considered.
Opening the meeting, Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev drew attention to the fact that the state program “Socio-economic development of the Arctic zone for the period until 2020”, in force since 2015, is predominantly analytical in nature and does not have its own funding, which does not correspond to the scale of plans for the development of this unique region of Russia.
In this regard, work was carried out to prepare a new version of the program, in which “the main tasks were updated, additional sources of funding were identified, and the volume of federal budget funds was identified.” The main changes that the new edition contains are the extension of the Program until 2025, a clear definition of three main areas of work in the Arctic (formation of support zones, development of the Northern Sea Route, development of the continental shelf), as well as financing - aggregate funds from budgetary and other sources will amount to about 150 billion rubles. D. Medvedev called on those involved in the Arctic at the governmental and regional levels to “make maximum use of the principle of public-private partnership.”
Minister of Economic Development Maxim Oreshkin specified the scheme for financing the project: for 2018-2020 it is necessary to provide 12 billion rubles in the budget, for the period 2021-2025 - 58 billion rubles. The minister named the launch of the floating observatory "North Pole" for scientific research and monitoring of the natural environment in the Arctic Ocean as a key project in the first direction - preparing support zones for development. As part of the second direction, which aims to fully exploit the potential of the Northern Sea Route for domestic and international trade exchange, a unified information and telecommunication system of the transport complex should be created and the Zhatai shipyard should be reconstructed. As for the third direction, the active implementation of the program for the development of the Arctic shelf will begin in 2021.
Chairman of the State Commission for Arctic Development Dmitry Rogozin specified the issue of attracting extra-budgetary investments to implement the project. He spoke about the ongoing work to attract private capital to create the nuclear icebreaker Leader, which will make possible all-season passage of the eastern route of the Northern Sea Route, connecting the Yamal port of Sabetta with the countries of Southeast Asia.
13:00 — REGNUM The Arctic zone of the Russian Federation includes the Murmansk region, the Nenets, Chukotka and Yamalo-Nenets autonomous okrugs, the municipal formation of the Vorkuta urban district (Komi Republic), a number of municipalities of the Arkhangelsk region (including the municipal formation of the city of Arkhangelsk "), several districts of the Krasnoyarsk Territory (Taimyr Dolgano-Nenets municipal district, Turukhansky district, urban district of Norilsk), northern uluses of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), as well as some lands and islands of the Arctic Ocean.
1. Regional policy of Russia in the Arctic zone
In the 1990s, Russia did not have a strategic vision for the Arctic zone, so “returning” to the region became a long and complex process. The advantage and at the same time the challenge of the development of the Arctic is the great potential for the development of the resource sector in the context of the gradual depletion of the continental base (the Arctic accounts for about 25% of the world's undiscovered reserves), as well as the creation of new transport and logistics systems that would open a direct road to the northern seas, paving alternative transit routes and redirecting the flow of global trade.
An obvious advantage of the northern routes will be the reduction in delivery times for goods from the European to the Asian parts in comparison with the traditional route through the Suez Canal. For Russia, this means expanding its presence in promising markets of energy importing countries in the Asia-Pacific region. In addition, the Arctic is of particular importance in military-political terms, and in this regard, infrastructural development acquires an important geostrategic dimension. Finally, unique natural and climatic conditions impose certain obligations on the Arctic states in the field of environmental protection, recorded, in particular, in the program documents of the Arctic Council.
The development of the Arctic is a consistent and multi-stage process, but there are a number of infrastructural and technological tasks on the solution of which further progress in the region depends in the near future. The development of promising areas should occur in parallel with the maintenance and modernization of existing infrastructure, with the creation of conditions for a comfortable life for the population outside the production zones.
Firstly, it is the connection of mainland and port infrastructure into a single logistics system. The focal nature of the economic development of the Arctic zone in conditions of remoteness from the main industrial centers of the country creates the need for the construction of a large network of railways and roads: on the one hand, to maintain a high level of mining, on the other, to supply the Arctic regions. On average, the costs of using rail transport exceed alternative delivery methods, especially when it comes to transporting energy resources, that is, products with low added value. In the extreme climatic conditions of the Arctic zone, the cost of construction and operation of transport infrastructure increases several times. In addition, there is the problem of deterioration of the existing logistics network, created back in Soviet times. There are several large projects to create transport infrastructure in the mainland part of the Arctic zone:
“Northern Latitudinal Railway” is a railway in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Obskaya - Salekhard - Nadym - Novy Urengoy - Korotchaevo), which should in the future connect the Northern Railway with Sverdlovsk and open a direct route to the industrial enterprises of the Urals. The start of the project was postponed several times, but given the active development of fields in Yamal, the importance of the project has increased (the expected implementation period is 2018-2025)
"Bovanenkovo - Sabetta" is a 170-kilometer railway that should connect the Northern and Sverdlovsk railways with the port of Sabetta on Yamal, which will become a logical continuation of the Northern Latitudinal Railway. The start of the project is expected in 2022.
Murmansk transport hub - creation of transport infrastructure on the western shore of the Kola Bay, including coal and oil terminals and the Vykhodnoy - Lavna railway line. Construction of the first stage will be completed in 2018.
"Belkomur" ("White Sea - Komi - Ural") is a railway that should connect the Perm Territory, the Komi Republic and, through Arkhangelsk, reach the White Sea. At the stage of searching for investors. The planned length is about 1200 km.
"Barentskomur" ("Barents Sea - Komi - Ural") is a railway line that should connect the port of Indiga (NAO), Sosnogorsk (Komi Republic), Polunochnoye (Sverdlovsk region) and Surgut. At the stage of searching for investors. The total planned length will be about 1200 km.
“Karskomur” is an extension of the railway line from Vorkuta to the port of Arcturus on the Kara Sea (about 200 km). At the stage of searching for investors.
Secondly, modernization and expansion of the icebreaker fleet in the context of increasing traffic intensity in the Arctic Ocean. The growth of cargo traffic along the Northern Sea Route is rapid: in 2016 this figure amounted to 7.3 million tons and for the first time exceeded the figures of the 1980s. It is expected that by 2025 it could increase 10 times and reach 80 million tons. The key impetus for the development of cargo transportation along the NSR was the development of the South Tambey gas condensate field (Yamal LNG) and the construction of the Sabetta port on Yamal. The “Northern Latitudinal Passage” should not be perceived as a competitive NSR project, but as an auxiliary one, providing the necessary logistics for the development of shipping in the northern seas. Thus, the intensification of resource extraction in the Arctic zone, the development of mainland transport infrastructure and the capacity of Arctic ports raise the question of the state of the icebreaker fleet and the availability of the necessary capacities for the implementation of these projects.
In recent years, a large-scale program of modernization and construction of new icebreakers has been implemented, although Russia still has the largest icebreaker fleet in the world (4 nuclear icebreakers and about 30 diesel ones). The modernization program involves the construction of three universal nuclear icebreakers of Project 22 220, which will navigate ships through the Arctic seas and at the mouths of polar rivers (work should be completed in 2019-2022). At the same time, the development of a new nuclear icebreaker, Leader, which will be able to overcome ice up to four meters thick, continues. Construction is underway at the Baltic Shipyard in St. Petersburg. In total, in the coming years, Russia plans to receive six new nuclear icebreakers, but only one of the existing fleet will remain in operation (“50 Years of Victory”), the same goes for most of the diesel-electric icebreakers.
Thirdly, the development of technologies for resource extraction on the continental shelf of the Arctic seas. It is on the shelf that the main share of undiscovered resources is concentrated (about 90% of hydrocarbons on the Russian Arctic shelf have not been explored), but production here is associated with a number of technological and legal problems. Today, offshore production is carried out only at the Prirazlomnoye oil field in the Pechora Sea (Gazprom Neft). The development of production technologies on the Arctic shelf is difficult under the conditions of sanctions, since cooperation with Western companies was curtailed, which implied investments and technology transfer. In 2014, with the participation of the American company ExxonMobil, the Pobeda oil and gas condensate field was discovered in the Kara Sea, but subsequently the company was forced to withdraw from all joint projects with Russia with heavy losses. US and EU sanctions, in particular, imply a ban on the supply of offshore production equipment and technologies to Russia at depths of more than 150 meters. As a result, several promising shelf projects were frozen. Russia will continue to independently develop this area, but this will require much more time.
On the other hand, as offshore production technologies develop, the still unresolved problem of establishing the boundaries of the continental shelf of the Arctic states is becoming increasingly urgent. The delimitation of maritime spaces in the Arctic is one of the priorities of Russian policy in the region. The sectoral division of the Arctic, adopted as a customary norm of international law in the 1920s, conflicts with the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which sets the boundaries of the continental shelf of states within a 200-mile zone, with the possibility of subsequent expansion to 350 miles. There is no consensus in world practice as to whether the Convention on the Law of the Sea should be applied to the Arctic zone. Russia is interested in maintaining the sectoral principle, while the United States advocates limiting the continental shelf, although the 1982 Convention has not been ratified. However, the main share of shelf resources is in any case concentrated within the 200-mile zones of states.
In recent years, new trends have emerged in the Arctic, which are attracting more and more attention to it, including from non-Arctic states. This is due to the consequences of global warming, which leads, on the one hand, to the melting of ice and, in the future, to easier economic activity in the region. On the other hand, due to the melting of permafrost, the risks of failure of objects and railways increase, and the melting of ice requires modification of existing navigation patterns (potential coastal flooding and the need to relocate ports). Nevertheless, this creates the prospect of developing year-round shipping along the Northern Sea Route, which partly calls into question the need for a large-scale renewal of the icebreaker fleet. However, it is possible that these are cyclical temperature fluctuations, as in the case of large-scale warming in 2007-2009.
(cc) Rear Admiral Harley D. Nygren, NOAA Corps
In addition to objective challenges, there are several controversial issues on which it is difficult to make a clear decision. First of all, this is a long-standing dilemma about the ways of development of the Arctic regions: on a rotational basis or through the creation of permanent settlements and large cities. The contribution of the Arctic zone to Russia's GDP is more than 10% (more than 20% of Russian exports) with a share of the population of about 2%. Promising areas will also be developed on a rotational basis. Although the issue of founding new cities is not currently on the agenda, there is a need to create comfortable conditions in existing cities and settlements in the Russian Arctic. As an alternative method, the option of creating state programs that imply medium- or long-term temporary residence in the Arctic zone and create conditions for the subsequent safe return to other areas of the country is being considered.
It is necessary to take into account the long-term risks from the arrival of investors from non-Arctic states in the region who, like Russia’s opponents among the Arctic countries, are interested in changing the regime of the Northern Sea Route, which is formally considered an international transit corridor, but is under the actual control of Russia, which allows it to regulate cargo flow at your own discretion. Thus, in December 2017, the Goduma adopted a law on the exclusive right of ships flying the Russian flag to transport hydrocarbons along the NSR. The United States is already making statements about its intentions to conduct exercises in the Northern Sea Route to ensure freedom of navigation. Not long before this, China came up with the initiative to create the Polar Silk Road, which was generally received positively from the point of view of potential investments, but leaves a number of questions in connection with the possible displacement of Russia and its loss of strategic advantage in the Arctic.
The following documents can be included in the regulatory framework of Russian policy in the Arctic zone, including taking into account the solution of logistics problems (the Russian Arctic is given attention in a number of government programs, but in this case those that are of fundamental importance for the development of infrastructure projects are named and resource sector):
State program of the Russian Federation “Socio-economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation for the period until 2020”, approved by government decree of April 21, 2014. The new version of the program was approved by government decree of August 31, 2017; The program implementation period has been extended until 2025. The new edition clarifies the list of subprograms in three main areas: the formation of a system of support zones in the Arctic regions, ensuring navigation in the Arctic and the development of the Northern Sea Route, the creation of equipment and technologies for the development of the resource potential of the region. Following the results of the first stage of the program (2015-2017), the State Commission for the Development of the Arctic was created (under the leadership of Deputy Prime Minister D. Rogozin), and the Arctic zone was singled out as an independent object of federal statistical observation.
Fundamentals of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the Arctic for the period until 2020 and beyond, approved by the President of the Russian Federation on September 18, 2008. Establishes a list of Russia’s main interests in the Arctic zone (development of a strategic resource base, maintaining peace and cooperation, development of navigation along the Northern Sea Route, conservation of unique ecological systems), defines the main goals, objectives and mechanisms of Russian policy in the Russian Arctic.
Federal target program “Development of the transport system of Russia (2010-2020)”, approved by government decree of December 5, 2001 and extended until 2021 by government decree of September 20, 2017. Includes a set of measures to develop the transport infrastructure of the Russian Arctic.
Strategy for the development of railway transport until 2030, approved by government decree of June 17, 2008. Includes assessments of railway infrastructure projects in the Russian Arctic.
Energy strategy of Russia for the period until 2030, approved by government decree of November 13, 2009. In particular, it points out that the development of the hydrocarbon potential of the continental shelf of the Arctic seas can serve as a stabilizing mechanism in the face of declining reserves of already explored fields.
In addition, there are strategies for the socio-economic development of the Arctic regions and documents regulating the legal status of individual projects in the Arctic zone (for example, on the regime of navigation along the Northern Sea Route). The inclusion of regional projects in federal programs implies receiving the necessary support from the state.
The distribution of powers between Russian government bodies and corporations in various areas of Arctic policy deserves special attention. In December 2017, by decision of the government, the state corporation Rosatom was transferred the functions of monitoring navigation in the Northern Sea Route zone. The Federal State Unitary Enterprise Atomflot operates under the management of Rosatom, servicing the Russian nuclear icebreaker fleet. The Ministry of Transport and JSC Russian Railways are responsible for the construction of railway infrastructure, including the key projects of the Northern Latitudinal Railway and the Murmansk transport hub. The Ministry of Natural Resources is responsible for environmental supervision and control over the issuance of licenses in the resource sector. The corporations NOVATEK, Gazprom, and Rosneft are working on resource extraction in the Arctic zone. The Ministry of Defense exercises control over strategic facilities located in the Arctic zone, including dual-use airfields. After the formation of the State Commission for Arctic Development, the issue of creating a specialized ministry was postponed.
2. The most important projects of the Arctic zone and the readiness of the regions for their implementation
The state program “Socio-economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation until 2020” enshrines the concept of “support zones of development” in the Arctic, which are the main mechanism of state policy in the field of development of the Russian Arctic. According to the text of the program, support zones are complex socio-economic development projects that imply the simultaneous use of territorial and sectoral development tools, as well as mechanisms for implementing investment projects, including on the principles of public-private and municipal-private partnerships. Support zones are formed mainly on the basis of the existing administrative division, but taking into account Arctic issues and geography, which makes it possible to focus on infrastructure projects even in those regions that are not entirely included in the Russian Arctic.
The level of readiness of regions to participate in the implementation of Arctic projects is assessed based on ongoing and promising projects within the framework of the corresponding support zones (see Fig. 1).
Kola support zone
The Kola support zone on the territory of the Murmansk region is located on the western borders of the Northern Sea Route and is characterized by a fairly developed infrastructure, which creates the necessary basis for the development of regional projects with their subsequent integration into the logistics and industrial structure of the macroregion. The port of Murmansk is the world’s largest ice-free Arctic port and a key transit point of the Northern Sea Route, where, among other things, resource extraction products are transshipped from technical tankers operating in the NSR zone to tankers for delivery to world markets. The base of the Russian nuclear icebreaker fleet is located in the port of Murmansk.
In the Murmansk region, infrastructure has been created to service promising hydrocarbon production projects on the shelf of the Arctic seas (Prirazlomnoye oil field, where production is already underway, and the Shtokman gas condensate field). Bases are being created to support exploration and drilling work on the shelf of the Barents, Kara and Pechora seas (an onshore base to support offshore production of Rosneft in Roslyakovo). On the western shore of the Kola Bay, near the village of Belokamenka, Novatek is implementing a shipyard project for the construction of large-tonnage platforms, which involves the creation of floating gas liquefaction plants that will be involved in the Arctic LNG-2 project on the Gydan Peninsula in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.
The largest infrastructure project on the territory of the Kola Support Zone is considered to be the Murmansk Transport Hub (MTU) on the western shore of the Kola Bay (see Fig. 1), designed to serve cargo flows along the Northern Sea Route. The project provides for the construction of new transshipment terminals and railway approaches to them (for example, the Lavna port and coal transshipment complex and the Vykhodnoy - Lavna railway line), the modernization of the port of Murmansk, which will become the basis of the Port Special Economic Zone (POEZ).
Yamalo-Nenets support zone
The main infrastructure projects in the Arctic zone are being implemented in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, which is already called the “gateway to the Arctic.” The Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is considered the main supplier of hydrocarbon raw materials (mainly gas) not only to Russian but also to world markets. The region produces about 80% of Russian gas, which is one fifth of the world's reserves. However, in recent years there has been a tendency to deplete the reserves of the main fields in the mainland of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Urengoyskoye, Medvezhye, Yamburgskoye, etc.), which necessitates the active development of offshore and offshore fields, which will not only be able to compensate for the decline in production on the mainland, but also become the basis for the further development of the entire Arctic zone.
The main task of creating the Yamalo-Nenets support zone should be the development of promising fields on the Yamal and Gydan peninsulas and on the shelf areas of the Kara Sea, which is considered one of the richest resources in the entire Arctic region, as well as the creation of appropriate port and transport infrastructure for export supplies and to the interior of the country. Projects implemented in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug set the direction for the development of the Arctic zone as a whole, so that in the future, all infrastructure along the Northern Sea Route will be created taking into account the development of the potential of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, this mainly concerns projects in the Murmansk region as a key transit point.
Today, Yamal is the only region where several large-scale infrastructure projects have already been implemented. In December 2017, the opening of the first stage of the Yamal LNG plant for the production of liquefied natural gas took place on the basis of the South Tambey gas condensate field in the eastern part of the Yamal Peninsula. The main investor was the Novatek company (50.1% of shares), which has special interests in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Arctic zone as a whole. The project also involves the French company Total (20%), China National Petroleum Corporation (20%) and the Silk Road Fund (9.9%). The plant's capacity is estimated at 16.5 million tons of LNG per year, and the project cost was about $27 billion.
In recent years, there has been an increase in gas consumption in the world and a simultaneous expansion of the liquefied gas market. The main growth in consumption is provided by the countries of the Asia-Pacific region, which are especially interested in LNG supplies, because there are objective difficulties in delivering pipeline gas over long distances (this is due to the participation of Chinese investors in the project). It is generally accepted that the development of LNG production should not compete with companies that supply pipeline gas to European markets, because LNG supplies are oriented over longer distances. However, in 2017, the European Union increased LNG imports by 12%, including supplies from Yamag-LNG, which challenges Gazprom’s position in European markets. By 2023, it is planned to launch another Novatek project in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug - Arctic LNG-2 on the Gydan Peninsula.
As part of the Yamal-LNG project, the Arctic port of Sabetta was built to service the increased production of LNG and its further transportation along the Northern Sea Route. After the launch of the Sabetta port, cargo traffic increased by 280% (7.9 million tons), which was an unprecedented result. In the near future, it is planned to build the Bovanenkovo-Sabetta railway with subsequent access via the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo-Karskaya road to the Northern Latitudinal Railway (see Fig. 3), which would allow connecting the industrial regions of the Urals with the NSR infrastructure.
The largest logistics project in the Arctic zone is considered to be the Northern Latitudinal Railway, 707 km long, which will pass through the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug along the route Obskaya - Salekhard - Nadym - Novy Urengoy - Korotchaevo, connecting the western and eastern parts of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, as well as the Northern and Sverdlovsk railways into a single logistics system. Subsequently, construction can be continued across the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory to Norilsk. The underdeveloped transport infrastructure serves as a significant obstacle to the growth of oil and gas resource production, therefore, as new fields are developed, the need for the speedy implementation of the project increases. The construction of the SSH stimulates the development of promising fields, including on the continental shelf.
Vorkuta support zone
The Komi Republic in the Arctic zone is represented by the urban district of Vorkuta, which forms the Vorkuta support zone. On the territory of the support zone there are deposits of the largest Pechora coal basin and the Timan-Pechora oil and gas province, but in order to use the entire resource potential of the region, a number of problems need to be solved. Vorkuta is a single-industry town with an aging urban base; in the face of declining coal production and the lack of transport infrastructure, it is in a serious crisis.
First of all, on the agenda is the issue of ensuring rail and road connections with the Arctic ports on the Kara Sea and road connections with other regions of Russia (connection with the Syktyvkar-Naryan-Mar highway). We are talking about the construction of a railway line about 200 km long, which would connect the northern territories of the Komi Republic with the port of Arcturus (Ust-Kara) on the coast of the Kara Sea, which will not only open markets for coal exports from the region, but is also intended to connect the northern and Ural regions , although this is far from the first project of this kind. The advantage of the project called “Karskomur” (see Fig. 4) may be that the length of the line should be only 200 km, which is significantly less compared to “Belkomur” and “Barentskomur”. Although questions still remain regarding the feasibility of the project, taking into account the development of the Northern Latitudinal Railway and the port infrastructure of Yamal, it is Karskomur that looks like the least costly additional route connecting the Northern Sea Route with non-Arctic regions. Moreover, this route may turn out to be critical for the development of the Vorkuta support zone due to its isolation at the moment. At the same time, the airports of Vorkuta, Ukhta and Usinsk are in urgent need of modernization.
Taking into account the risks of a further decline in coal production, the question of diversifying the economy of Vorkuta by assigning it the status of a PSEDA is raised. One of the promising projects will be the construction of a fiber-optic communication line (FOCL) along the coast of the Northern Sea Route.
Arkhangelsk support zone
On the territory of the Arctic zone there are several municipalities of the Arkhangelsk region, including the port city of Arkhangelsk. The Arkhangelsk support zone is of primary importance for the development of the Arctic as a transport corridor connecting industrial centers with the Northern Sea Route. Territorial innovation clusters (in particular, timber industry and shipbuilding) have been created in the Arkhangelsk region, which corresponds to the peculiarities of the region’s industry specialization.
Promising projects of the Arkhangelsk support zone are considered: the Belkomur railway, which should connect the industrial regions of the Urals and reach the White Sea through the Komi Republic and Arkhangelsk; deep-water area of the seaport of Arkhangelsk; Pavlovskoe deposit of lead-zinc ores on Novaya Zemlya and the construction of a mining and processing plant (Rosatom is involved in the project), etc. At the end of March it became known that the construction project of the Indiga port in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is planned to be included in the Belkomur highway project. The ice-free port of Indiga was supposed to become the end point of the alternative Barentskomur highway, which, in general, duplicates a similar project in the Arkhangelsk region. However, after the opening of the port of Sabetta on Yamal, the question arises about the feasibility of opening two additional ports in the NSR zone in the near future. A more obvious option seems to be the following: the Urals will be connected to the Northern Sea Route through the Northern Latitudinal Passage and the port of Sabetta. The auction for the sale of shares of Belkomur of the Komi Republic (more than 500 million rubles) was postponed several times due to the lack of a potential investor.
Nenets support zone
The main challenge for the development of the Nenets support zone, which in the long term can become a strategic advantage, is the need to develop fields on the continental shelf of the Barents and Kara seas (Timan-Pechora oil and gas province). Since the pace of development of offshore drilling technologies has significantly decreased under Western sanctions, in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug there is a gap between the expected pace and potential for the development of new fields and current conditions (search for investments, technological difficulties in implementing projects).
In addition to resource extraction, another direction of development in the Nenets support zone is the creation of a logistics base. Since the region has virtually only year-round air connections with the rest of Russia, the priority here is the construction of ports along the Northern Sea Route with subsequent integration with mainland railways. Large projects include the construction of the ports of Indiga (the end point of the Barentskomur highway) and Naryan-Mar. The authorities of the Komi Republic and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug are negotiating the merger of projects with obvious damage to Arkhangelsk (Indiga occupies a more advantageous geographical location and has the necessary conditions for the construction of a deep-water port), because it is unlikely that the simultaneous construction of two ports is expected. The next stage will be the construction of the Indiga - Sosnogorsk railway as one of the elements of the route. However, the timing and actual prospects for the implementation of both projects are not yet clear.
Another joint project of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Komi Republic looks more realistic - the construction of the Syktyvkar - Naryan-Mar highway (work is already underway, the project is planned to be completed by 2021). In the near future, this road may well become an alternative to large railway projects.
Taimyr-Turukhansk support zone
The Taimyr-Turukhansk support zone is located on the territory of the Taimyr Dolgano-Nenets municipal district and urban district of the city of Norilsk as part of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. In terms of industry, the region specializes in the extraction of minerals: copper-nickel ores, hydrocarbons, rare metals, etc. A key role in the socio-economic development of the Arctic regions of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is played by the Norilsk industrial region, where the mining and metallurgical company Norilsk Nickel is located (about 90% of Russian nickel production). The administrative center of the Taimyr-Turukhansky municipal district is the port city of Dudinka at the mouth of the Yenisei, which provides sea communication with the Murmansk and Arkhangelsk ports and river communication with Krasnoyarsk and Abakan.
The functioning of the Taimyr-Turukhansk support zone implies the further development of mining. One of the recently implemented major investment projects was the opening of a branch of Norilsk Nickel - the Skalistaya mine on the Taimyr Peninsula. One way or another, most investment projects in the north of the Krasnoyarsk Territory are related to the activities of Norilsk Nickel. The region has potential for the development of coal deposits. For these purposes, the Vostok Coal company plans to build the Chaika coal terminal near the port of Dikson in the Kara Sea (commissioning is scheduled for 2019) in the event of the development of the Syradasay deposit, which will allow exporting up to 3 million tons of coal per year. The project involves the construction of a railway line to the village of Dikson.
It is planned to develop the fields of the oil and gas cluster (Ust-Yenisei and Khatanga oil and gas production centers). The potential of the fields is estimated at 5 million tons of oil per year. Rosneft and Lukoil will play a leading role in the implementation of these projects.
North Yakut support zone
On the territory of the Arctic zone there are five northern uluses of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The key issue in the development of the North Yakutsk support zone is the creation of a unified logistics system that ensures the connection of the intraregional river system (Lena, Kolyma, etc.), which is of fundamental importance for the economic activity of the region, with the routes of the Northern Sea Route. In this regard, priority is given to updating the port infrastructure: reconstruction of the Tiksi port in the Laptev Sea, construction of the Zhatai shipyard and new river-sea class vessels.
Another priority area is the development of hydrocarbon deposits, including on the shelf (Ust-Oleneksky, Ust-Lensky, Anisinsky-Novosibirsky areas). At the moment, work is underway to develop the West Anabar oil field, in which the Singaporean company Asian Oil & Gas is already showing great interest. The field's reserves are estimated at 290 million tons of oil, which makes it possible to export up to 12 million tons annually. Prospects for the development of the field are related to the development of transport infrastructure.
Chukotka support zone
The advantage of the Chukotka support zone is its favorable geographical location on transit routes to the countries of the Asia-Pacific region. Promising areas of development should be the improvement of logistics (including the reconstruction of airports as the only accessible mode of transport in the region), mining of coal, rare metals, hydrocarbons and thermal power engineering. The main projects are being implemented within the Chaun-Bilibinsk and Anadyr industrial zones.
Due to unfavorable weather conditions, Chukotka has a very limited navigation regime, which also imposes certain restrictions within the Northern Sea Route, which could become a development factor. The quality of infrastructure in the Chukotka support zone is one of the lowest, so the development of the region will require large investments, which may become a problem in the near future, despite the rich resource base.
Of the seven regions that are fully or partially located in the Arctic zone, the Yamalo-Nenets and Nenets Autonomous Okrugs have the status of donor regions, but the latter’s position is rather unstable.
The subjects of the Arctic zone are becoming the subject of discussion in the context of discussions about a new administrative reform of the subjects of the Federation, which could be a continuation of the large-scale consolidation of the early 2000s. Then, as part of the centralization policy, 7 federal districts were created, changes were made to the legislation regulating relations between the federal center and the constituent entities, and a reform of the Federation Council was carried out. According to the Federal Law of December 20, 2001 “On the procedure for admission to the Russian Federation and the formation within it of a new subject of the Russian Federation” in the period from 2005 to 2007. the number of subjects decreased from 89 to 83; taking into account Crimea and Sevastopol, their number increased to 85. Among the regions of the Arctic zone, the Arkhangelsk region and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug were included in the consolidation according to the “complex subjects” model. The preservation of autonomous status is associated with the special strategic and socio-economic importance of the northern territories, especially the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.
Since then, the issue of continuing the reform has never completely left the agenda, so over time, numerous alternative configurations and schemes for consolidating existing entities began to appear. The merger of complex entities is considered as one of such models. As an alternative to the unification of the Arkhangelsk region and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, which does not meet with support in both entities and for some elite groups is associated with the risks of loss of influence, there is a potential project for the unification of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Komi Republic: the regions have recently been actively cooperating precisely in the context of the Arctic agenda and are interested in promoting railway projects through the Urals and Komi to the Northern Sea Route, taking into account the fact that these initiatives are experiencing a number of objective difficulties.
(cc)wolfgang_vogt
3. General, lobbying and investment activity of the heads of the subjects of the Arctic zone: comparative analysis
The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is achieving the greatest success in attracting investments: 72% of investments in the Russian Arctic and 50% of the output of the Arctic regions come from the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Several key projects have already been launched (Yamal LNG and the port of Sabetta) or are entering the implementation stage (Northern Latitudinal Railway), basic logistics infrastructure has been created, which significantly reduces the risks for investors when entering the market. In addition, the active development of liquefied natural gas production provides a certain industry specialization and advantages for export to remote markets in the Asia-Pacific countries. The high investment attractiveness of Yamal projects is evidenced by the fact that the opening of the Yamal LNG plant in the village of Sabetta in December 2017 was attended by the Minister of Energy, Industry and Natural Resources of Saudi Arabia, Chairman of the Board of Directors of the national oil company Saudi Aramco, Hadid Al-Falih.
Governor of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Dmitry Kobylkin focuses on attracting private investors, including foreign capital, which can serve as a basis for further development of exports. Yamal projects have a fairly high share of extra-budgetary sources of funding, which significantly reduces the burden on the state and makes it possible to implement several large projects simultaneously. This strategy has proven effective even under sanctions - thanks to active interaction with Asian investors (in particular, the share of Chinese investments in the Yamal LNG project is about 30%, and the amount of loans from Chinese banks reaches $12 billion). For the first time, the construction of the largest railway, the Northern Latitudinal Railway, will be carried out using a concession model. In addition, small and medium-sized businesses are attracted to the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (“one-stop principle”) as an additional source of investment. Of the 1.5 trillion investments received in the Arctic in 2017, 1 trillion came from the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.
The Murmansk region is a leader in terms of state support received for the implementation of infrastructure projects (28% of investments come from the federal budget). The projects being implemented in the region are of federal importance for servicing the Northern Sea Route zone and the entire Arctic region.
The authorities of the Krasnoyarsk Territory expect to receive 50 billion rubles of investment for the implementation of projects in the Arctic zone in the coming years, which will be used for the development of oil and gas, coal and ore clusters (at the time of the announcement at the beginning of 2017, 6 billion had been received). The high level of investment is less dependent on the activity of the region’s leadership and is ensured by the developed resource sector and large enterprises that have been operating in the territory for a long time (Norilsk Nickel).
The development of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug depends on the pace of subsoil development, including production technologies on the Arctic shelf. Technological difficulties and the departure of Western investors significantly limit the ability of Governor A. Tsybulsky (he headed the region in September 2017 after the departure of former Governor I. Koshin) to stimulate development projects. This is partly due to the not very effective attempts to find alternative formats for the implementation of railway projects through the Urals and Komi to the Northern Sea Route.
The Komi Republic is trying to obtain assistance from the federal budget for the implementation of both current and planned investment projects, but the region’s leadership is faced with a number of difficulties. The Komi Republic bears the main costs for the construction of the Syktyvkar - Naryan-Mar highway (construction in some sections is carried out under a concession agreement). Despite the federal status of the future road, the regional leadership cannot receive federal funding - unlike the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, which systematically receives budget transfers (last year 150 million rubles were allocated for the construction of the road, and at the beginning of this year 200 million rubles). Earlier, the head of Komi, Sergei Gaplikov, spoke about the need to include the project in the Federal Target Program “Development of the Transport System of Russia (2010-2020)”, as well as projects for the construction of the Belkomur, Barentskomur and Karskomur railways. The region's leadership has long been negotiating the need to give Vorkuta the status of a PSEDA and introduce measures to support the coal industry. At the same time, taking into account the construction of the Northern Latitudinal Railway and approaches to it, the investment program for the construction of the railway in the Sosnogorsk region was doubled and amounted to about 1.5 billion rubles, which indicates the priority of macro-regional projects.
The region's leadership is making efforts to attract foreign investors, but they too have not yet produced the expected results. The Republic is trying to sell its stake in Belkomur, but the auction has been postponed several times due to the lack of a potential buyer. At the end of 2017, the head of Komi visited the Kingdom of Bahrain, where he spoke about the possibilities for the development of the Pechora transport corridor. The activities of the head of the Komi Republic in attracting investments and federal funding cannot be called effective. The governor of the Arkhangelsk region, Igor Orlov, is experiencing similar difficulties, and the decision to combine the Belkomur and Barentskomur projects can be interpreted as the loss of all hope for their speedy implementation.
4. The most significant development projects and investment projects
To assess the various directions of development of the Arctic zone of Russia, a ranking of implemented and promising Arctic projects is proposed (see table). This assessment method allows us to more clearly imagine the role of the Arctic as a macro-region and its future in the current socio-economic and political conditions.
The following aspects were taken into account as the main criteria when compiling the ranking.
Contribution to the development of the macroregion.
The main criterion that shows how a project can change configurations within a macroregion and become an impetus for the development of entire industries and the creation of new transport and logistics systems.
Expediency.
It implies that the implementation of a particular project is really necessary and justifies the potential investment. Feasibility is assessed not only on the basis of existing development challenges in terms of infrastructure, but also taking into account other projects being implemented within the macroregion. It is possible that the implementation of one project significantly reduces the need for another, because it partially duplicates its functionality, or due to changes in industry priorities or redirection of major cargo flows.
Impact on the quality of life of the population.
The implementation of large-scale infrastructure projects implies the creation of jobs, investments in the educational and scientific-technical spheres for personnel training, the development of existing settlements by creating additional logistics corridors, which has a positive effect on the living conditions of the population in the region and makes it possible in the future to talk about new ways of developing ( e.g. longer shifts).
Project implementation format.
The project implementation format makes it possible to take into account the scale of budget financing and the attraction of extra-budgetary funds, which is an indicator of the investment attractiveness of the project. The ability to attract extra-budgetary funding allows for the implementation of a large number of expensive infrastructure projects simultaneously. Cooperation with foreign investors also involves the exchange of technologies, prospects for exports and opportunities to enter new markets.
Many large-scale projects are components of a large logistics system and should be perceived in the context of this system, which significantly strengthens their position in terms of feasibility and contribution to the development of the macroregion. For example, such key transport and logistics projects as the port of Sabetta and the Northern Latitudinal Railway with an additional railway line Obskaya - Bovanenkovo - Sabetta are, in a strict sense, inseparable from the active development of liquefied natural gas production on the Yamal and Gydan peninsulas, which together became an impetus for the development of the region and in the future, it will ensure a multiple increase in cargo traffic along the Northern Sea Route. Without the implementation of these projects, there would be no need to expand the capabilities of the Murmansk transport hub or to build new icebreakers on the scale that will be carried out now. Thus, the key positions in the ranking are occupied by projects that mutually complement each other, creating prospects for the development of the region as a whole.
At the same time, there are several promising projects, the implementation of which is difficult under sanctions. First of all, this concerns the development of resource extraction technologies on the shelf of the Arctic seas. Despite serious problems with the implementation and search for investments for projects, they occupy quite high positions, taking into account the great potential for the region and for the resource sector of the country as a whole, increasing the feasibility of high costs at the initial stage of development.
In this regard, it seems less feasible to implement a number of logistics projects at the regional level (Belkomur, Barentskomur, etc.), which have quite objective justifications in the context of specific regions, but lose significance at the macroregional level, and often duplicate some routes.
The Svalbard archipelago is formally under the sovereignty of Norway, but the archipelago has a special status, according to which it is recognized as a demilitarized zone, and Russia has the right to carry out economic activities on it.
All eight Arctic states are members of the Arctic Council, and the forum has six working groups on various environmental issues.
There are eight states in the Arctic zone: Russia, USA, Canada, Norway, Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Iceland.
Consolidation occurred either according to the model of creating complex entities, or through the liquidation of autonomous okrugs: as a result of the reform, the Komi-Permyatsky (Perm Territory), Koryaksky (Kamchatka Territory), Aginsky Buryat Okrug (Trans-Baikal Territory) lost their independent status; The Ust-Orda Buryat Okrug was united with the Irkutsk region, the Taimyr (Dolgano-Nenets) and Evenki Autonomous Okrug became part of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
| RANKING OF PROJECTS | Contribution to the development of the macroregion | Feasibility | Impact on the quality of life of the population | Formatproject implementation | |
| 1 | Seaport in the area of Sabetta (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug) Began work in December 2017 as part of the Yamal LNG project | Taking into account the development of new LNG fields and the construction of railways, the port is becoming the largest logistics hub in the Northern Sea Route area. The opening of the port contributes to a multiple increase in cargo traffic in the NSR zone and an increase in the weight of the Arctic region in the country’s GDP. | An integral part of liquefied natural gas production projects on the Yamal and Gydan Peninsulas. Provides capacity for its further transportation to other NSR ports. | Creation of jobs in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and in other regions that are involved in the implementation of the Yamal-LNG project, mainly in the Urals Federal District (Ekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Tyumen, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Kurgan) | Public-private partnership with a predominant share of federal funding. The Sabetta seaport is considered part of the Yamal LNG project. |
| 2 | Yamal LNG(plant for the production of liquefied natural gas in the village of Sabetta on the Yamal Peninsula) In December 2017, the first production line was opened. | A sharp increase in the level of production and exports from the region due to the development of new LNG fields. The development of LNG technologies allows us to expand our presence in remote markets of Asia-Pacific countries in conditions of territorial limitations of pipeline gas supplies. Increasing intensity of cargo transportation along the NSR and the need to create appropriate infrastructure in other Arctic regions (especially in the Murmansk support zone). | Gradual exhaustion of production capabilities at the main continental fields, the need to search for additional capacities. Sanctions pressure and the need to enter new markets, reinforced by interest in the Arctic from Asian investors. | Creation of jobs in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and in other regions that are involved in the implementation of the Yamal-LNG project, mainly in the Urals Federal District (Ekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Tyumen, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Kurgan) Creation of transport infrastructure and a passenger transportation system. | Public-private partnership *Main shareholders: -Novatek (50.1%) -Total (20%) -China National Petroleum Corporation (20%) -Silk Road Fund (9.9%) |
| 3 | Railway mainline"Northern Latitudinal Railway" in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug The project is planned to be implemented in 2018–2022. | Connects the Sverdlovsk and Northern railways into a single system, providing communications between the industrial regions of the Urals and the Northern Sea Route and opening up new opportunities for export. Creates the necessary transport infrastructure between Arctic industrial centers in conditions of focal development in the Russian Arctic. Creates a logistics base to attract investment in the extractive industries. | The need to create a mainland logistics network in the context of increasing resource production in the fields of the Yamal and Gydan Peninsulas and in other areas of the Arctic. The lack of transport infrastructure is a limiting factor for the development of new fields. Ensuring communication between parts of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Supplying hard-to-reach Arctic regions. Logistics support for NSR. | Creation of jobs for the construction and maintenance of the railway itself. Creation of jobs through the development of new deposits. Development of old and formation of new industrial centers and settlements along the highway. According to preliminary estimates, 300 thousand new jobs can be created in the Arctic and regions of the Urals Federal District. | Construction will be carried out according to a concession model for a period of 30 years (for the first time in Russian railway practice). The cost of the project is estimated at 260 billion rubles. |
| 4 | The project is scheduled for completion in 2020. | One of the key transshipment points of the Northern Sea Route; forms a single logistics chain with Yamal, providing access to the port of Sabetta and LNG production centers. | The development of port infrastructure and transshipment terminals makes it possible to increase the volume of exports in the context of the development of new fields and increases the transit potential of northern ports. | Job creation | Public-private partnership with a predominant share of extra-budgetary sources of funding. Included in the State Enterprise of the Russian Federation “Development of the Transport System” |
| 5 | Modernization of the icebreaker fleet Implementation period: 2017−2020. | Almost the entire operating nuclear icebreaker fleet of Russia and part of the diesel-electric fleet fall under the modernization program. New capacities will provide Russia with a strategic advantage in the Arctic for decades to come (long-term investments). | Obsolescence of the existing Russian icebreaker fleet against the backdrop of increasing intensity of cargo transportation along the Northern Sea Route. Cyclical temperature fluctuations, which does not allow us to talk about melting ice as a long-term trend. | Construction is being carried out at the Baltic Shipyard in St. Petersburg. | Implemented using federal budget funds. |
| 6 | Railway line "Bovanenkovo-Sabetta" The project is planned to be implemented in 2022–2025. | It connects the Yamalya port of Sabetta through the Bovanenkovskoye field with the Northern Latitudinal Railway. Forms a unified logistics system between the Northern Sea Route and the industrial regions of the Urals. | Optimization of logistics routes by connecting port and railway infrastructure. | Public private partnership | |
| 7 | Center for the construction of large-capacity offshore structures (Belokamenka, Murmansk region) Implementation period: 2017−2019. | Creation of floating gas liquefaction plants, which in the future will be used in the implementation of the Arctic LNG-2 project on the Gydyn Peninsula (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug). Development of a new industry. | The development of new fields and the growth of LNG exports require the creation of new production and transportation technologies. | Job creation | |
| 8 | "Arctic LNG-2"(Novatek LNG plant on the Gydan Peninsula in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug). The project is planned to be implemented in 2023-2025. | It is part of a large-scale project to develop LNG fields in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Growth of resource production in the region and export potential, stimulation of infrastructure projects. | More focused on the future. It is first necessary to create the appropriate infrastructure provided for in other projects (SSH, LNG tankers, icebreaker fleet, etc.). | Due to the synergistic effect, jobs are created in other regions of the country, including on a rotational basis. | Public private partnership. Saudi Arabia has announced its intentions to participate in the project. |
| 9 | Onshore base for offshore production (Roslyakovo, Murmansk region) The project implementation is temporarily postponed. | About 90% of the resource potential of the Arctic shelf has not been explored; the development of offshore production technologies can attract investment to the Arctic and increase exports from the region. | Creates the necessary infrastructure for the development of production on the Arctic shelf (servicing the Prirazlomnoye and Shtokman fields). | The number of jobs at the project preparation stage was estimated at 1.5 thousand people. | Under sanctions, attracting Western investors and technologies is unlikely. The estimated cost of the project is 100 billion rubles. |
| 10 | "Barentskomur" / "Belkomur" /"Karskomur" The prospect of implementation is in question; they are at the stage of approval and search for investors. | In reality, only the participating regions themselves are interested in implementing the projects. The projects largely duplicate routes up to the prospect of unification. | The construction of the Northern Latitudinal Railway will ensure communication between the Arctic and Ural industrial centers and will contribute to the development of shipping in the Northern Sea Route, which eliminates the need for the implementation of several alternative projects. The launch of the Sabetta seaport and the creation of the infrastructure of the Murmansk transport hub temporarily remove the need for new ports (Indiga). | Concession agreements are expected |
Government of the Russian Federation decides:
1. Approve the attached state program of the Russian Federation "Socio-economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation for the period until 2020".
2. The Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation shall place the state program of the Russian Federation, approved by this resolution, on its official website, as well as on the portal of state programs of the Russian Federation on the Internet information and telecommunications network within 2 weeks from the date of official publication of this resolution.
Chairman of the Government
Russian Federation
D. Medvedev
Note ed.: the text of the resolution was published on the official Internet portal of legal information http://www.pravo.gov.ru, 04/24/2014.
State program of the Russian Federation "Socio-economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation for the period until 2020"
I. Priorities and goals of state policy in the field of socio-economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation
1. Conceptual foundations of state policy in the field of socio-economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation
The priorities of state policy in the field of socio-economic development of the Arctic are determined:
The fundamentals of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the Arctic for the period until 2020 and beyond, approved by the President of the Russian Federation on September 18, 2008;
Strategy for the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and ensuring national security for the period until 2020, approved by the President of the Russian Federation on February 8, 2013.
For the purposes of the state program of the Russian Federation "Socio-economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation for the period until 2020" (hereinafter referred to as the Program), the land territories of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation include:
Territories of the following constituent entities of the Russian Federation and individual municipalities:
Murmansk region;
in the Arkhangelsk region - municipal entities "Onega Municipal District", "Primorsky Municipal District", "Mezensky Municipal District", "City of Arkhangelsk", "Severodvinsk", "City of Novodvinsk", "Novaya Zemlya";
Nenets Autonomous Okrug;
in the Komi Republic - municipal formation urban district "Vorkuta";
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug;
in the Krasnoyarsk Territory - Taimyr Dolgano-Nenets municipal district, urban district of the city of Norilsk, Turukhansky district;
in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) - Allaikhovsky ulus (district), Anabarsky national (Dolgan-Evenki) ulus (district), Bulunsky ulus (district), Ust-Yansky ulus (district), Nizhnekolymsky district;
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug;
lands and islands located in the Arctic Ocean, specified in the Resolution of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR dated April 15, 1926 “On declaring lands and islands located in the Arctic Ocean as the territory of the USSR” and other acts of the USSR.
In accordance with the Fundamentals of State Policy of the Russian Federation in the Arctic for the period until 2020 and beyond, the strategic priorities of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the Arctic are:
Carrying out active interaction between the Russian Federation and the Arctic states in order to delimit maritime spaces on the basis of international law, mutual agreements taking into account the national interests of the Russian Federation, as well as to resolve issues of international legal justification for the external border of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation;
Increasing the efforts of the Arctic states in creating a unified regional search and rescue system, as well as preventing man-made disasters and eliminating their consequences, including coordinating the activities of rescue forces;
Strengthening on a bilateral basis and within the framework of regional organizations, including the Arctic Council and the Barents/Euro-Arctic Council, good neighborly relations between Russia and the Arctic states, intensifying economic, scientific, technical, cultural interaction, as well as cross-border cooperation, including cooperation in the field of effective development natural resources and environmental conservation in the Arctic;
Assistance in the organization and effective use of transit and cross-polar air routes in the Arctic, as well as in the use of the Northern Sea Route for international shipping within the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and in accordance with international treaties of the Russian Federation;
Intensifying the participation of Russian government institutions and public organizations in the work of international forums dedicated to Arctic issues, including inter-parliamentary interaction within the framework of the Russia-European Union partnership;
Ensuring a mutually beneficial presence of Russia in the Spitsbergen archipelago;
Improving the system of government management of socio-economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, including through the expansion of fundamental and applied scientific research in the Arctic;
Improving the quality of life of the indigenous population and social conditions of economic activity in the Arctic;
Development of the resource base of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation through the use of promising technologies;
Modernization and development of the infrastructure of the Arctic transport system and fishery complex in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.
According to the Strategy for the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and ensuring national security for the period until 2020, the priority areas for the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and ensuring national security are:
Integrated socio-economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation;
Development of science and technology;
Creation of a modern information and telecommunications infrastructure;
Ensuring environmental safety;
International cooperation in the Arctic.
Sustainable socio-economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is carried out on the basis of systemic interaction between the state, commercial and non-profit organizations and civil society using public-private partnership mechanisms in the implementation of key investment projects, state participation in eliminating infrastructural restrictions on economic development, solving social problems, and also the creation of economic mechanisms to stimulate economic activity.
The main mechanisms for implementing this Strategy are the Program, other state programs of the Russian Federation, federal and departmental target programs, as well as industry strategies, regional and municipal programs, programs of large companies that provide for measures aimed at the comprehensive development of the territory of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.
2. State programs of the Russian Federation, federal target programs of the Russian Federation and activities of the federal targeted investment program, the implementation of which is carried out in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation
All state programs of the Russian Federation operate on the territory of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation as an integral part of the Russian Federation. At the same time, some state programs pay special attention to the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and highlight state policy measures specific to this territory.
State program of the Russian Federation "Development of Education" for 2013 - 2020
As part of the state program of the Russian Federation "Development of Education" for 2013 - 2020, compensation is provided for a number of expenses of persons working in educational organizations financed from the federal budget and located in the regions of the Far North and equivalent areas.
State program of the Russian Federation "Protection of the population and territories from emergency situations, ensuring fire safety and safety of people on water bodies"
As part of the main event "Development of a fire safety system in the Russian Federation for the period 2018 - 2020" of the state program of the Russian Federation "Protection of the population and territories from emergency situations, ensuring fire safety and the safety of people on water bodies" further development of the scientific foundations for ensuring fire and explosion safety is provided facilities for various purposes, prevention and response to emergency situations, including facilities located in the Far North, including facilities with large numbers of people.
Within the framework of the federal target program “Reducing risks and mitigating the consequences of emergencies of a natural and man-made nature in the Russian Federation until 2015,” it is envisaged to create an infrastructure system for providing emergency rescue and other urgent work in hard-to-reach places, especially difficult conditions and at critical facilities (creation specialized centers in the cities of Murmansk, Arkhangelsk, Naryan-Mar, Dudinka, Vorkuta, Nadym, Anadyr, Tiksi, Pevek and Provideniya).
State program of the Russian Federation "Development of culture and tourism" for 2013 - 2020
As part of the main event "Development of Inbound Tourism" of the state program of the Russian Federation "Development of Culture and Tourism" for 2013 - 2020, it is envisaged to expand opportunities for tourists to visit marine areas adjacent to the northern coast of the Russian Federation, as well as to create conditions for receiving tourists in the island northern territories Russian Federation.
State program of the Russian Federation "Environmental Protection" for 2012 - 2020
As part of the implementation of the state program of the Russian Federation "Environmental Protection" for 2012 - 2020, it is proposed to organize comprehensive research in high-latitude regions of the Arctic, including the use of research drifting stations "North Pole", research into climate, its changes and the consequences of such changes, assessment of the hydrometeorological regime and climatic resources, development of data collections of the Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring, development of its research and expeditionary fleet.
It is also envisaged to ensure the functioning of a system for constantly assessing the negative impact on the Arctic from sources of emissions of harmful (pollutant) substances located both on (within) the territory of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and outside it.
As part of the reconstruction of the Russian space observation system, it is planned to implement:
Launching and ensuring the continuous operation of a space hydrometeorological system consisting of at least 7 satellites (3 geostationary meteorological satellites of the "Electro" series, 3 polar-orbiting satellites of the "Meteor" series and 1 oceanographic satellite);
Creation and ensuring the continuous operation of the Arctic space system (2 meteorological satellites of the Molniya type in highly elliptical orbits and at least 2 Molniya satellites in low polar orbits).
The development of hydrometeorological and heliogeophysical support for activities in the Arctic will be carried out by restoring the number of hydrometeorological and heliogeophysical observation points to the minimum required level that meets the requirements for the accuracy of short-term weather forecasts and warnings of dangerous hydrometeorological phenomena, including by installing automatic and automated measuring instruments.
In addition, it is required to build and equip with modern equipment 7 new large-tonnage vessels (with a displacement of 3 - 10 thousand tons) to monitor the condition and pollution of water areas in the Far Eastern and Arctic regions of Russia, 8 new medium-tonnage research vessels (with a displacement of 200 - 300 tons) to carry out work of federal significance in the Sea of Okhotsk, Barents, White Sea and other waters.
Measures are provided to provide data from comprehensive studies of the marine environment, oceans and seas during the implementation of various types of maritime activities of the Russian Federation (navigation along the Northern Sea Route, fishing, maritime fleet and national defense).
It is planned to carry out work to eliminate the damage accumulated as a result of past economic activities in the Franz Josef Land archipelago (collection and removal of barrel containers, land reclamation). It also provides for the implementation of measures to eliminate the consequences of past economic activities of the oil and gas production complex in the delta of the Pechora River on the territory of the Nenetsky State Nature Reserve.
State program of the Russian Federation "Development of science and technology"
The state program of the Russian Federation "Development of Science and Technology" includes the federal target program "Research and development in priority areas of development of the scientific and technological complex of Russia for 2014 - 2020", which provides for activities for the study and development of Arctic resources.
State program of the Russian Federation "Economic development and innovative economy"
As part of the main event "Institutional development in the field of land management" of the state program of the Russian Federation "Economic development and innovative economy" it is envisaged to assess the quality of lands in order to monitor lands that are the original habitat of indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East.
State program of the Russian Federation "Development of industry and increasing its competitiveness"
As part of the main event “Development of the mineral resource base of rare metals and rare earth metals” of the state program of the Russian Federation “Development of industry and increasing its competitiveness”, technological study and geological and economic assessment of eudialyte and eudialyte-loparite ores of the Lovozero massif in the Murmansk region (off-balance deposit) are provided zirconium, the Alluiv site and other ore occurrences) with the preparation of a feasibility study on the feasibility of their development, revaluation and placement of mineral reserves on the state balance sheet.
State program of the Russian Federation "Development of shipbuilding for 2013 - 2030"
One of the main activities “Formation of an advanced scientific and technical basis to ensure the development of marine and river equipment for civil purposes” of the state program of the Russian Federation “Development of shipbuilding for 2013 - 2030” is designed to ensure that Russia can occupy a leading position in priority areas in the global civil shipbuilding market ( complex marine equipment), including for operation in the Arctic.
As a result of the adoption of state support measures, conditions will be created that will stimulate the production in Russia of knowledge-intensive, high-tech products of civil marine equipment for the domestic market (including ships and watercraft of fundamentally new types for domestic shipbuilding), including:
New generation nuclear and diesel-electric icebreakers;
Gas carriers for transporting liquefied natural gas and tankers for transporting oil with enhanced ice class for operation in the Arctic and the Far East;
Floating nuclear power plants, tidal power plants and other special facilities for the development of coastal northern territories;
Modern fishing and fish processing vessels to ensure fishing in traditional and new fishing areas;
Means of ensuring the effective functioning of maritime shipping routes (including sustainable year-round operation of the Northern Sea Route), ports and inland waterways, etc.
The main event “Development and optimization of production capacities of civil shipbuilding in the Northwestern Federal District of Russia, including support for the implementation of cluster policy in the district” involves the development of a shipbuilding innovative territorial cluster of the Arkhangelsk region.
State program of the Russian Federation "Information society (2011 - 2020)"
As part of the measure for the development of federal postal services of the state program of the Russian Federation "Information Society (2011 - 2020)", subsidies from the federal budget are provided to cover part of the costs associated with the functioning of postal offices located in the Far North, and the modernization of postal services is being carried out Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Russian Post" at its own expense.
State program of the Russian Federation "Development of the transport system"
The state program of the Russian Federation "Development of the transport system" provides for an increase in the capacity of sections of the railway network, the formation of directions of the railway network with the circulation of trains of increased weight and axle load, the modernization of permanent devices and structures, as well as the construction of railway lines in areas of new development in the north of the country, Far East and Baikal region. It is planned to build the Berkakit - Tommot - Yakutsk, Polunochnoe - Obskaya - Salekhard, Salekhard - Nadym railway lines, bridge crossings across the Lena River in the Yakutsk area and the Ob River in the Salekhard area, design of the North Siberian Railway (Nizhnevartovsk - Bely Yar - Ust-Ilimsk).
The subprogram “Civil Aviation and Air Navigation Services” includes measures to promote increased accessibility of air transportation for the population, including the development of regional and intraregional transportation, as well as state support for airlines located in the Far North and equivalent areas.
By 2020, it is planned to achieve coverage of the entire territory of the Russian Federation with search and rescue flight support (in 2012, this figure was 75 percent).
The subprogram “Sea and River Transport” includes measures to ensure waterways and hydraulic structures, search and rescue support for navigation, navigation and hydrographic support for navigation along the Northern Sea Route. It is planned to increase the volume of cargo transportation along the Northern Sea Route to 63.7 million tons by 2020. It is planned to increase the level of technical equipment of the Northern Sea Route routes to 40.5 percent in 2020.
As part of the implementation of the event “State support for airlines located in the Far North and equivalent areas” of the Russian Federation state program “Development of the Transport System”, it is planned to ensure increased availability of air carrier services. At the same time, the amount of state support for airports that are part of federal government enterprises takes into account the need to develop the material and technical base, ensure compliance with safety standards and the sustainable functioning of the transport system.
Measures are envisaged for navigation and hydrographic support of navigation along the Northern Sea Route and the development of the largest seaports, including Arkhangelsk and Murmansk.
Improving the quality characteristics of inland waterways will be ensured as a result of the implementation of measures for the reconstruction, repair and maintenance of inland waterways and hydraulic structures on them. To reduce the length of sections limiting the capacity of the Unified Deep-Water System of the European part of the Russian Federation, it is planned to amend the list of inland waterways of the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 19, 2002 N 1800-r, with the inclusion of the channels of the Northern Dvina River delta (47 km), located in the Arkhangelsk region, and the waterway on the Yenisei River from Igarka to Dudinka (263 km).
State program of the Russian Federation "Development of the fishery complex"
The main event "Organization of fishing in order to ensure the activities of indigenous peoples of the North and the Far East" of the state program of the Russian Federation "Development of the fishery complex" is aimed at ensuring priority access of indigenous peoples to aquatic biological resources and the realization of their legal rights to preserve their original way of life.
State program of the Russian Federation "Reproduction and use of natural resources"
In order to sustainably provide the country's economy with reserves of mineral raw materials and geological information about the subsoil, the state program of the Russian Federation "Reproduction and Use of Natural Resources" plans to increase the geological knowledge of the territory of the Russian Federation and its continental shelf and the Arctic. As part of solving this problem, the implementation of a set of interrelated measures will be ensured to carry out regional geological-geophysical and geological survey work, create a state network of reference geological-geophysical profiles, parametric and ultra-deep wells, carry out work for special geological purposes, carry out hydrogeological, engineering-geological and geoecological survey, obtaining and ensuring the preservation of geological information.
Geological mapping provides for the creation of sets of third generation geological maps (Gosgeolkarta-1000/3).
On the continental shelf, the work will mainly involve areas for which Gosgeolkarta-1000/3 is being compiled for the first time and, to a lesser extent, sheets of the new series will be re-compiled. This is primarily the Laptev Sea, the East Siberian and Chukchi Seas.
As part of the implementation of the event “Modernization, design and construction of research vessels and technological equipment for work in the World Ocean, as well as within the continental shelf, the Arctic and Antarctic,” it is planned to modernize 4 research vessels, as well as build 2 new scientific research vessels. The development of the scientific and technical base will consolidate the competitive advantages of the Russian Federation in conducting geological exploration work in the World Ocean and on the continental shelf, will allow intensifying work to assess the resource potential and reserves of ferromanganese nodules and non-ferrous metal ores in selected areas of the World Ocean floor to ensure Russia’s geopolitical interests .
It is planned to continue the study of the Arctic Ocean, collecting the necessary bathymetric and geological-geophysical information to justify the expansion of the outer limit of the continental shelf of the Russian Federation.
In the sphere of reproduction of the mineral resource base of non-ferrous metals, fundamental importance is attached to prospecting, evaluation and exploration work, which will be carried out mainly by subsoil users within geological allotments and areas adjacent to the infrastructure of existing enterprises for the maintenance and development of tin raw material bases in the north of Yakutia and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug.
Promising areas of eastern Russia with the formation of target mineral resource centers in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), where there are real prerequisites for identifying new, including unconventional, types of large-volume deposits with relatively low content of gold, gold-silver, tin-silver and silver-polymetallic ores, gold-bearing deposits of the porphyry copper family, economically accessible for industrial development due to high world prices for gold and non-ferrous metals.
The production of platinum group metals is directly related to the extraction of sulfide copper-nickel ores at the enterprises of the open joint-stock company MMC Norilsk Nickel, where the depth of ore extraction increases and their overall quality decreases due to the intensive mining of rich sulfide and cuprous ores.
In the European North, geophysical work and parametric drilling are planned to be concentrated in the eastern regions of the Komi Republic and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug adjacent to the Urals.
To reproduce competitive reserves of iron ore, compensating for their production, it is planned to implement measures aimed at both maintaining the iron ore base of existing mining enterprises and strengthening the iron ore base of metallurgical plants in the North-West, Southern Urals and Western Siberia, and at creating a resource base that ensures an increase in reserves after 2015, identification of new and alternative mineral resource bases, primarily within the emerging mineral resource centers of the Polar Urals, southern Siberia and the Far East.
It is also planned to carry out prospecting, evaluation and exploration work in relation to iron ores in the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Murmansk Region.
Exploration and evaluation work will continue for manganese ores, which are scarce in Russia, in the Nenets and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.
Work is envisaged for the assessment and exploration of solid fuel deposits in the Taimyr basin, as well as in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug.
State program of the Russian Federation "Energy efficiency and energy development"
The main event “Ensuring oil production levels in fields under operation and developing new oil production centers” provides for stimulating the implementation of new investment projects for the development of subsoil areas containing reserves of hard-to-recover oil.
It is planned to develop the following new major projects:
Project "Prirazlomnoye oil field" on the continental shelf of the Pechora Sea of the Russian sector of the Arctic;
Naulskoye field (open joint stock company NK Rosneft, commissioning of industrial development is expected in 2014, reserves of categories ABC1 + C2 amount to 51.2 million tons);
Trebs and Titov fields (open joint stock company ANK Bashneft, commissioning of industrial development is expected in 2015, reserves of ABC1 + C2 categories amount to 140.1 million tons).
It is planned to complete the construction of the Zapolyarye - Purpe oil pipeline as part of the implementation of the program for the integrated development of fields in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the north of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
As part of the main event "Construction, modernization, reconstruction and operation of pipeline systems with optimal parameters for the transport of oil and petroleum products and resistance to the influence of natural factors and technological loads", it is planned to implement a project to ensure an increase in the volume of oil pumping through the pipeline system "Eastern Siberia - Pacific Ocean". construction of the Zapolyarye - Purpe - Samotlor oil pipeline, which will allow transporting oil from the Vankor field, new fields of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the north of the Krasnoyarsk Territory to Russian oil refineries and for export.
State program of the Russian Federation "Regional policy and federal relations"
The state program of the Russian Federation "Regional Policy and Federal Relations" includes the subprogram "Strengthening the unity of the Russian nation and the ethnocultural development of the peoples of Russia", one of the main activities of which is aimed at supporting the socio-economic development of indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East and other ethnic communities who are in a state of national minority.
State programs of the Russian Federation, some of the main activities of which are implemented in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation
The following state programs are distinguished as part of the state programs of the Russian Federation, some of the main activities of which are fully implemented in the territory of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and are focused exclusively on solving its problematic issues:
State program of the Russian Federation "Development of the transport system";
State program of the Russian Federation "Reproduction and use of natural resources";
state program of the Russian Federation "Protection of the population and territories from emergency situations, ensuring fire safety and safety of people on water bodies";
State program of the Russian Federation "Socio-economic development of the Far East and the Baikal region";
state program of the Russian Federation "Providing affordable and comfortable housing and utilities to citizens of the Russian Federation";
state program of the Russian Federation "Development of Education" for 2013 - 2020;
State program of the Russian Federation "Development of culture and tourism" for 2013 - 2020.
Activities of the federal target programs of the Russian Federation and the federal targeted investment program implemented in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation in 2014 - 2015
In the territories belonging to the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, in 2014 - 2015 it is planned to implement measures within the framework of the following federal target programs:
Federal target program "Development of television and radio broadcasting in the Russian Federation for 2009 - 2015" within the framework of the state program of the Russian Federation "Information Society (2011 - 2020)";
federal target program "Development of the judicial system of Russia for 2013 - 2020";
federal target program "Reducing risks and mitigating the consequences of emergencies of a natural and man-made nature in the Russian Federation until 2015" within the framework of the state program of the Russian Federation "Protection of the population and territories from emergency situations, ensuring fire safety and safety of people on water bodies";
federal target program "Development of the transport system of Russia (2010 - 2020)" within the framework of the state program of the Russian Federation "Development of the transport system";
federal target program "Development of the water management complex of the Russian Federation in 2012 - 2020" within the framework of the state program of the Russian Federation "Reproduction and use of natural resources";
Federal target program for the development of education for 2011 - 2015 within the framework of the state program of the Russian Federation "Development of Education" for 2013 - 2020;
federal target program "Culture of Russia (2012 - 2018)" within the framework of the state program of the Russian Federation "Development of culture and tourism" for 2013 - 2020;
federal target program "Modernization of the Unified Air Traffic Management System of the Russian Federation (2009 - 2020)" within the framework of the state program of the Russian Federation "Development of the transport system";
federal target program "Development of civil marine equipment" for 2009 - 2016 within the framework of the state program of the Russian Federation "Development of shipbuilding for 2013 - 2020".
The federal targeted investment program in 2014 - 2015 provides for the implementation of 75 projects for the construction and reconstruction of federal property in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.
The largest volume of state support falls on the Murmansk region, where the federal state unitary enterprise Atomflot is located, which is the customer (developer) for the construction of new universal nuclear icebreakers of Project 22220 (the lead and the 1st serial). Construction is underway at the Baltic Shipyard in St. Petersburg. Other major projects being implemented in the Murmansk region are the reconstruction of the M-18 "Kola" highway (access to Murmansk) and the comprehensive development of the Murmansk transport hub.
The second region in terms of state support is the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, where the construction of seaport facilities is being carried out on the Yamal Peninsula.
Three major projects are being implemented in the Arkhangelsk region - the construction and reconstruction of the M-8 Kholmogory highway, the reconstruction of the Talagi airport complex in Arkhangelsk and a comprehensive project for the reconstruction of the North Dvina lock system.
One major project is being implemented in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug - the reconstruction of the airport complex in the city of Pevek.
In the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, two airport complexes are being reconstructed in Naryan-Mar and Amderma.
In the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the broadcasting network of the 1st multiplex and the reconstruction of correctional facilities in the Lena basin are being developed.
In the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the development of the broadcasting network of the 1st multiplex and a comprehensive project for the reconstruction of hydraulic structures and waterways of the Yenisei basin are being carried out.
Budgetary allocations from the federal budget in 2015 - 2020, provided for the implementation of state programs of the Russian Federation and activities of the federal targeted investment program implemented in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, amount to 160,330,715.5 thousand rubles (estimated).
3. Goals and objectives of the Program
In accordance with the priorities of state policy in the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and taking into account the problems in its socio-economic development, the goal of the Program is to increase the level of socio-economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.
To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the problem of strengthening the coordination of the activities of government authorities in the implementation of state policy in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation in the following areas:
Expanding the resource base of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, capable of largely meeting the needs of the Russian Federation for hydrocarbon resources, aquatic biological resources and other types of strategic raw materials;
ensuring a favorable operational regime in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, including maintaining the necessary combat potential of general purpose troops (forces) of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies stationed in this region;
preserving and ensuring the protection of the natural environment of the Arctic, eliminating the environmental consequences of economic activities in the context of increasing economic activity and global climate change;
formation of a unified information space in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, taking into account natural features;
ensuring a high level of fundamental and applied scientific research to accumulate knowledge and create modern scientific and geoinformation foundations for managing Arctic territories, including the development of tools for solving defense and security problems, as well as for the reliable functioning of life support systems and production activities in the natural and climatic conditions of the Arctic;
ensuring a regime of mutually beneficial bilateral and multilateral cooperation between the Russian Federation and the Arctic states on the basis of international treaties and agreements to which the Russian Federation is a party.
Solving this problem, including by including issues of social development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation in the strategies of long-term socio-economic development of federal districts and constituent entities of the Russian Federation, industry strategies and programs, will ensure the acceleration of socio-economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.
Improving the system of state management of the socio-economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation will be carried out by the interdepartmental commission for the implementation of state policy in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, created to coordinate the implementation of other state programs of the Russian Federation and programs of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the territory of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, as well as for organizing the process of managing this territory by coordinating the placement of capital construction projects between different levels of government.
In addition to this task, it is also necessary to solve the problem of organizing monitoring of the socio-economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.
4. Basic principles and mechanisms for implementing the Program
State policy in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is based on the following basic approaches:
The Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is Russian territory and Russia exercises all rights and control over this territory in full;
The Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is Russian territory and Russia provides all citizens located in this territory with all rights in accordance with Russian legislation and international standards, including the most important human right to life, including in emergency situations.
The main natural opportunities that the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation can provide and which determine the directions of socio-economic development of this territory are:
Transport and communication opportunities, including the use of the Northern Sea Route and meridional river corridors, as well as air traffic;
information communications capabilities;
involvement in the economic circulation of fuel and energy resources of the Arctic, primarily hydrocarbons, mineral resources, including ferrous, non-ferrous, rare and precious metals, and biological resources of the aquatic environment and land.
The economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is based on the following principles:
Maximum resource efficiency (maximum use of opportunities for extracting fuel, energy and mineral resources);
maximum environmental conservation (application of the most stringent environmental and environmental standards, use of the most effective environmental technologies);
providing people located in the Arctic with modern life support opportunities and satisfying their basic social, everyday and cultural needs;
maximum preservation and development of opportunities for the traditional residence of indigenous peoples of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.
The implementation of these principles requires:
Carrying out large-scale scientific, practical and geological exploration work both to increase reserves of the mineral resource base, to develop technologies for their extraction in Arctic conditions, and to create the most comfortable living and working conditions for people in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation;
broad international cooperation to involve the most advanced resource-efficient and environmental technologies in the large-scale process of Arctic development, taking into account the individual characteristics of each individual project;
implementation of advanced Russian innovative technologies.
To implement state sovereignty in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, it is planned to strengthen the national security system, including the deployment of forces and assets of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, as well as the arrangement of the state border of the Russian Federation and checkpoints across the state border of the Russian Federation Federation in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.
To ensure the rights of citizens located on the territory of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, it is planned to locate support bases of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Disaster Relief throughout the entire territory of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, equipped with everything necessary to carry out activities in emergency situations in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, as well as the creation of social, cultural and leisure infrastructure necessary for human habitation, including the arrangement of personal living space.
To ensure transport and communication capabilities, it is planned to widely use space communications and space surveillance, land and sea communications, rescue and elimination of environmental consequences in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, as well as providing support bases for the fleet, including modern ports along the coast.
To carry out both mainline and local aviation communications, as well as auxiliary aviation communications, it is necessary to create an air navigation support system.
Large-scale development of hydrocarbon resources of the shelf and land of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation involves the development and implementation of modern means and technologies for resource extraction, the introduction of special tax regimes, provision of extraction processes with cheap energy resources, as well as providing the employees involved in this process with everything necessary for living and working in extreme conditions .
In the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to ensure the most effective processing of raw materials for subsequent transportation, including the liquefaction of hydrocarbon gases, expanded geological exploration to clarify reserves and select the most effective deposits for development, as well as applied scientific research to correctly assess the current possibilities for developing certain other deposits.
The key mechanisms for implementing the Program are:
Frame-cluster approach;
formation of support zones for development;
selective state policy for the development of Arctic territories.
The frame-cluster approach is based on the accelerated development of the transport, energy and social framework of the territory and the concentration of resources on priority support zones of development and development. The development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation requires a fundamentally different quality of transport and energy infrastructure, as well as the social sphere (taking into account the extent of the territory of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and the lack of internal transport connections in this region).
On the territory of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, support zones of development are identified, which naturally rely on the development of the transport and energy framework of the region and give rise to a new system of population settlement. Support zones for development determine the identification of the following types of territories in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation:
Territories of industrial development with the prospect of transition to post-industrial development, based on the developed territories of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (Murmansk and Arkhangelsk regions);
territories of active development, based on open fields, existing networks of gas and oil pipelines, sea ports;
territories of promising development, based on studied deposits, formed and developed transport routes;
wild nature areas that form an environment for preserving natural space.
Accompanying factors for the implementation of the frame-cluster approach are the localization of life support structures (cutting off expenses that increase the cost of products and services, optimization of northern deliveries), as well as an increase in deductions from resource extraction to regional budgets.
Selective state policy in the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation means that special approaches must be applied to the implementation of budget, tax, tariff and social policies of the state, as well as special mechanisms for direct participation of the state in economic development, including the placement of government orders, the creation and operation of state corporations, creation of special economic zones, distribution of funds from development institutions of the Russian Federation and a number of others.
5. General requirements for the policy of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation related to the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation
The purpose of the Program relates to the subjects of joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation related to the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Therefore, the Program provides for the participation of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in monitoring the implementation of the main activities of other state programs of the Russian Federation implemented in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.
The subjects of the Russian Federation belonging to the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation play a key role in solving problems at the regional and municipal level. State authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, within the framework of their powers, will take an active part in the formation of proposals to improve the efficiency, coordination and management of the Program, as well as in the development and implementation of government regulatory measures.
II. General characteristics of the participation of constituent entities of the Russian Federation belonging to the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, as well as state corporations, joint-stock companies with state participation, public, scientific and other organizations in the implementation of the Program
The highest executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation will participate in the implementation of state regulation measures, including the implementation and development of relevant state programs of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
1. Arkhangelsk region
The main document of the Arkhangelsk region is the Strategy for the socio-economic development of the Arkhangelsk region until 2030, the main goal of which is to ensure a high level of well-being of the population and quality of life standards, including:
Formation of an effective, dynamically growing and balanced economy in the Arkhangelsk region;
creation in the Arkhangelsk region of favorable conditions for life, as well as for the professional and creative self-realization of residents of the region;
ensuring the effectiveness of the activities of executive authorities of the Arkhangelsk region.
The implementation of this Strategy assumes that by 2030 the Arkhangelsk region will become one of the most developed economic centers in Russia. Due to the modernization of existing enterprises and the active attraction of investments to create new jobs, labor productivity in the regional economy will increase by 3 to 5 times.
The main industries contributing to the development of the region’s economy until 2030 will be transport and logistics, shipbuilding, mechanical engineering, timber industry and tourism. Among all export-oriented sectors of the region's economy, these industries will account for the largest increase in added value.
A center of competence in the field of mechanical engineering will be formed in the Arkhangelsk region, which will become a source of innovation and competitiveness of the regional industry. Along with shipbuilding, the engineering cluster will include enterprises producing technological equipment in demand by the growing Russian economy.
Large-scale modernization of the timber industry complex will make it possible to qualitatively change the structure of output, ensuring primarily the production of products with high added value and the rational use of forest resources.
The development of transport infrastructure will not only provide effective access to the region’s natural resources, but will also significantly increase transit cargo flows and give the region the status of a supporting region for the implementation of large-scale projects for the study and development of the Arctic.
The developed scientific and educational complex will fully satisfy the needs of the regional economy for quality labor resources and scientific research. The core of the scientific and educational complex is the Northern Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov is one of the most prestigious universities in Russia, implementing innovative scientific and educational programs, including the training of highly qualified personnel and conducting fundamental and applied scientific research.
In the Arkhangelsk region in 2014, state programs are being implemented aimed at:
Development of human potential and improving the quality of life of the population;
creating conditions for the socio-economic development of the Arkhangelsk region;
increasing the efficiency of public administration.
2. Murmansk region
The main document of the Murmansk region is the Strategy for the socio-economic development of the Murmansk region until 2020 and for the period until 2025, which defines the main (strategic) goal of the socio-economic development of the Murmansk region - ensuring a high quality of life for the population of the region.
The strategy assumes that by 2025 the Murmansk region will become the strategic center of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, a financial and intellectual leading region, and the main center for service support of maritime economic activities in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.
The Murmansk region plays a decisive role in the implementation of Russia's national interests in the Arctic and the achievement of the main goals of state policy in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation in the areas of socio-economic development, military security, protection and security of the state border, science and technology, as well as international cooperation. The innovative orientation of the economy and the diversification of its structure are significantly increasing. With a high level of industrial and production specialization, the service sector is gaining an increasing share.
The development of the natural resources of the region, the ocean and the adjacent shelf of the northern seas on the principles of an integrated approach, innovative and environmentally compatible technologies will form the basis for the development of the Murmansk region. The scientific and technological components of Arctic research, search and extraction of resources on its territory and in adjacent waters are largely localized in the Murmansk region, creating full-fledged regional and industry clusters, the cores and areas of localization of which will include priority development areas.
The main mechanism for stimulating the development of economic potential and creating a favorable business climate in the Murmansk region is the Program.
3. Komi Republic (municipal formation urban district "Vorkuta")
The strategy for the socio-economic development of the Komi Republic for the period until 2020 assumes a significant contribution of the specified municipal formation, the Vorkuta urban district, to the development of the Komi Republic. The details of the priorities and results of the development of the municipal formation are given in the Concept of socio-economic development of the municipal formation of the Vorkuta urban district for 2010 - 2015 and for the period until 2020. This Concept defines the main goal - increasing the standard of living and well-being of the population.
The implementation of the planned strategic goals and the implementation of tasks, taking into account the potential capabilities of the city district and the efforts and actions taken by the authorities, should ensure by the end of the period under consideration:
Exceeding the basic parameters of the quality of life of the population of Vorkuta above the average Russian level and the level of a number of administrative centers of the Komi Republic;
a reversal of negative trends in the demographic situation (excess of birth rates over deaths), reduction of sharp social differences within the urban district;
formation of the city of Vorkuta as a high-tech industrial center in the presence of professional labor capital and a highly organized infrastructure component of the territory;
entry into the category of financially self-sufficient municipalities.
4. Nenets Autonomous Okrug
The strategic priorities for the development of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug are accelerated economic growth, diversification of the economy, transformation of innovation and human capital into the leading factor of economic growth, creation of modern infrastructure and an effective public administration system.
A central place in the development of the district is occupied by its participation in projects for the development of the Arctic continental shelf. As a result of the intensive socio-economic development of the district, oil and gas production is expected to increase to 32 - 35 million tons of oil equivalent by 2020, the growth of industrial production in 2030 will increase by 2.5 times compared to the level of production in 2007, real incomes of the population will increase by 3.5 times.
5. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
In the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the main strategic document is the Strategy for the socio-economic development of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug until 2020. The purpose of this Strategy is to ensure a sustainable increase in the level and quality of life of the population based on the formation and development of a competitive economy while complying with relevant environmental requirements. The following priority tasks are envisaged:
Modernization of infrastructure and social sectors;
development of economic potential;
preservation and development of human potential and traditions;
environmental protection and environmental improvement;
establishment of the district as an international outpost for the development of the Arctic.
As a result of the implementation of this Strategy, the rate of socio-economic development of the district will increase. In this case, the following targets will be achieved:
The volume of gross regional product will increase from 724,046.6 million rubles in 2010 to 1,792,777.3 million rubles in 2020;
the average annual number of people employed in the economy will increase from 367.8 thousand people in 2010 to 445.4 thousand people in 2020;
cash income of the population in 2020 will amount to 130 percent of the income of the population in 2011;
life expectancy will increase from 71.3 years in 2010 to 73.3 years in 2020.
The main mechanism for implementing the Strategy for the socio-economic development of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug until 2020 is government programs implemented in the main social spheres and sectors of the economy.
6. Krasnoyarsk region
In the Krasnoyarsk Territory, a Strategy for the socio-economic development of the Krasnoyarsk Territory for the period until 2020 is being developed, which will become the main strategic document for the development of the region. According to this Strategy, the goal of the socio-economic development of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is to increase the level and quality of life of the population, ensured by the development of the regional economy.
It is planned to ensure efficiency and high rates of socio-economic development of the region, ahead of the Russian average in both development options (basic and optimistic). At the same time, in the basic version, which has the maximum probability of implementation and high efficiency in conditions of limited resources, an increase in the gross regional product in comparable prices will be achieved by 1.6 times, in current prices - by 2.4 times (more than 2.8 trillion. rubles). The average annual growth rate of gross regional product is expected to be 5.6 percent. According to the optimistic scenario, the growth of the gross regional product in comparable prices will be 1.86 times (3 times in current prices) with an average annual growth rate of 107.2 percent. In this scenario, by 2020 the gross regional product will be 3.5 trillion. rubles The growth rates of the regional gross regional product (according to both scenario options) exceed the values of the growth rates of the gross domestic product of the Russian Federation (according to similar scenarios of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation).
Gross industrial output in 2020 by 2011 will be 235 - 317 percent at current prices, or 165 - 198 percent at comparable prices, depending on the forecast option, which is comparable to the growth of gross regional product in the economy as a whole (for all years of the period under review ). At the same time, the average annual increase in the industrial production index will be 5.7 - 7.9 percent and will exceed the predicted dynamics of this indicator for Russia (3.4 - 4 percent in the period until 2015 and 2.7 - 5.2 percent in 2016 - 2020 ).
The standard of living of the population is expected to increase (real wages - by 65.7 - 85.9 percent, cash income - by 68.6 - 69.7 percent) and a decrease in the stratification of society by income level. At the same time, the rate of wage growth in the Krasnoyarsk Territory will outstrip the Russian indicators provided for by the main development scenarios (Krasnoyarsk Territory - 5.8 - 8 percent per year, scenario indicators - 4.6 - 5.2 percent until 2015 and 4.7 - 5.4 percent in 2016 - 2020).
The basis of the mechanism for implementing the Strategy for the socio-economic development of the Krasnoyarsk Territory for the period until 2020 is the 20 state programs included in the list of state programs of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, focused on the socio-economic development of the region.
7. Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Long-term prospects for the development of the economy of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are determined, on the one hand, by its current socio-economic situation and place in the unified national economic complex of Russia, its role in the existing system of interregional and foreign economic relations, and on the other hand, by probable scenario conditions, providing various opportunities for modernizing the regional economy and diversifying the economic structure, based on the requirements of global markets, taking into account the implementation of sustainable development goals and improving the well-being of the population.
The main goal of the development of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is to achieve an optimal balance of the sectoral structure and spatial organization of the economy, ensuring the most effective use and enhancement of the unique natural resources of the Republic to improve the quality and standard of living of the population while observing the conditions for the sustainable development of regional ecosystems.
The main priorities for the accelerated development and structural restructuring of the Yakut economy in the forecast period are associated primarily with the creation of conditions, including infrastructure, ensuring the diversification of the economy and the development of the regional fuel and energy complex to a scale that is national in its significance in the Far East of the Russian Federation and international in the north. -East Asia.
A key direction, along with the development of oil and gas production, the electric power industry (in terms of the development of generating capacities and integrating power transmission networks), the coal industry, oil and gas processing and coal chemical plants, will be the development of the transport complex.
It is necessary to ensure the creation of a supporting year-round land transport network, the core of which will be the railway to the city of Yakutsk with its subsequent continuation both to the east (Magadan and further Chukotka, to North America through the Bering Strait) and to the west, through the developing western regions of the Republic in in accordance with the ideology of creating the North Siberian Railway.
The development of pipeline transport, consistent with national priorities and international prospects, will also be of exceptional importance.
As a strategic priority, it is necessary to take into account the development and improvement of the environmental protection system in order to rationally use natural resources and preserve unique nature.
As a result, if the innovative scenario is implemented, the volume of industrial production by 2020 will increase by 3.6 times compared to 2005, and the gross regional product - by 2.8 times.
8. Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
The economy of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug is developing under the influence of unfavorable climatic and geographical factors. But the district has its own resource base, powerful energy sources, a well-functioning management and supply system, and its investment attractiveness is becoming more and more obvious.
The development strategy of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug for the period until 2020 considers several options for the development of the region, the priority among which is the option associated with the active attraction of investments in the fields of geological exploration, thermal power engineering and coal mining, as well as in the transport sector. It is noted that such investments will allow exporting coal to the countries of the Asia-Pacific region and entering the markets of Mexico and Japan. A transition is planned from agriculture focused on the needs of the indigenous population to deep processing of meat and marine resources.
The basis for the economic development of the region for the period until 2020 is to stimulate the development of the Chaun-Bilibino industrial hub, as well as the Anadyr industrial hub.
In the Chaun-Bilibino industrial zone, further development of gold and silver mining is planned at existing alluvial and ore deposits, as well as the development of new ore deposits. The main mining areas are the Bilibinsky, Chaunsky and Shmidtovsky districts, and the total volume of gold production is planned to be increased to 30 - 32 tons by 2020.
Prospects for the development of the Anadyr industrial zone are associated primarily with coal production in the Beringovskoye deposit in the amount of 2 million tons and supply to other regions and countries of the Asia-Pacific region, as well as with the development of hydrocarbon production on the mainland with the production of petroleum products for regional consumption. The volume of production by 2020 is planned to be increased to 480 - 500 thousand tons of oil and 70 million cubic meters. meters of gas.
The development of industry will require corresponding development of infrastructure, including the construction of roads, power lines, power generation facilities, reconstruction of ports and airfields.
Along with the development of industrial zones, it is planned to support the development of sectors of the traditional economy (reindeer husbandry, marine hunting, fishing, folk crafts, etc.) in the Anadyr, Iultinsky, Providensky and Chukotka regions.
As a result of the implementation of this Strategy, the average per capita income of the population will increase by 2.3 times, the gross regional product - by 3.7 times, and budget subsidies will be no more than 25 percent.
9. Participation of state corporations, joint-stock companies with state participation, public, scientific and other organizations in the implementation of the Program
As the main activities of the state programs of the Russian Federation are implemented in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, additional opportunities will be created to increase the efficiency of business activities. In the expected period (2015 - 2020), it is assumed that the activities of state corporations, joint stock companies with state participation, public, scientific and other communities implemented within the framework of the Program will contribute to the creation of a favorable socio-economic environment in the region, as well as increasing economic attractiveness and improving investment climate in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.
On the territory of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, during the implementation of the Program, it is planned to implement the activities of the state corporation "Russian Nanotechnology Corporation", the state corporation "Bank for Development and Foreign Economic Affairs (Vnesheconombank)", the open joint-stock company "OSK", the open joint-stock company "Oil Company "LUKOIL" , open joint-stock company "VTB-Leasing", open joint-stock company "Sberbank of Russia", leading scientific (educational) institutions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation Far Eastern Federal University, Murmansk State Technical University, Kola Science Center and others.
In the field of introducing modern technologies in the Arkhangelsk region, the open joint-stock company "PO Sevmash" plans to introduce technologies for large-scale construction of transport ships and marine equipment. The volume of the company's own investments is 7.3 billion rubles.
The open joint-stock company "United Shipbuilding Corporation" plans to implement "breakthrough" technologies that ensure the creation of promising manned underwater technical means as part of the technological platform "Ocean Development" (open joint-stock company "USC"). The volume of the company's own investments is 900 million rubles.
In the field of developing the extraction of solid minerals and hydrocarbon raw materials and their processing in the Murmansk region, the closed joint-stock company "Fedorovo Resources" plans to implement a project to expand the Kola platinum-metal province within the Fedorovo-Pansky massif and the Main Range, including the construction of a mining and processing plant at base of the Fedorova Tundra platinum group deposit. The cost of the project is 47 billion rubles. As a result of the project, it will be possible to mine and process 16 million tons of ore per year.
In the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the limited liability company Pechora LNG plans to build a liquefied natural gas plant in the village. Indiga. The cost of the investment project is 156.1 billion rubles. The project involves the construction of a complex gas treatment plant in the area of the village. Krasnoye, liquefied natural gas production plant near the village. Indiga (Cape Rumyanichny), as well as gas pipeline systems from the Kumzhinskoye and Korovinskoye fields to gas treatment facilities. As a result of the project implementation, it will be possible to produce 4 million tons of liquefied gas per year.
In the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the open joint-stock company NOVATEK intends to implement a comprehensive project “Development of the South Tambey Gas Condensate Field”, within the framework of which it is planned to develop the production of liquefied natural gas on the territory of the Yamal Peninsula. The cost of the investment project is 458 billion rubles. The project provides for the development of production of about 24.7 billion cubic meters. meters of hydrocarbons per year at the South Tambeyskoye field for 20 years and the construction of a gas liquefaction plant with a capacity of 15 million tons per year.
Within the framework of the Program, the open joint-stock company Gazprom will continue to implement the investment project for the construction of the Novy Urengoy gas chemical complex worth 3 billion rubles. The project involves the construction of a plant for processing ethane-containing gas, a by-product obtained from the deethanization of condensate, with the production of 400 thousand tons of low-density polyethylene.
In the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the open joint-stock company "MMC Norilsk Nickel" envisages the implementation of a complex of the following investment projects:
Development of the Skalisty mine. The project provides for the implementation of mining operations, installation of equipment and industrial wiring, installation of pile drivers with an overhead building, other equipment and structures with a total cost of 12 billion rubles, which will increase the production of rich ores to 1.9 million tons per year;
development of the Pelyatkinskoye gas condensate field with annual production of 10.8 billion cubic meters. meters of natural gas and 220 thousand tons of gas condensate, including the construction of production gas wells at the Pelyatkinskoye gas condensate field and its development. The cost of the project is 37 billion rubles;
construction of a condensate pipeline for a gas condensate field in the city of Dudinka, which will allow transporting from 250 to 400 thousand tons of gas condensate per year. The cost of the project is 18.5 billion rubles;
construction of a gas pipeline for a gas condensate field in the city of Dudinka, which will allow transporting 3.5 billion cubic meters. meters of natural gas per year. The cost of the project is 23.1 billion rubles.
The closed joint stock company Vankorneft plans to continue the development of the Vankor field, which involves drilling more than 400 production wells, of which more than 300 are horizontal, which will allow the production of 25 million tons of oil per year. The cost of the project is 18 billion rubles.
In the field of development of transport infrastructure in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the open joint-stock company Development Corporation intends to implement the Northern Latitudinal Railway project, which will provide about. Yamal has a permanent connection with the mainland, connecting the Northern and Sverdlovsk railways. The polar highway Obskaya - Salekhard - Nadym - Korotchaevo will open access to the Northern Sea Route and the Arctic shelves, and will increase the transport security of the Russian Federation. The cost of the project in 2015 - 2020 is 102 billion rubles.
State corporations, joint stock companies with state participation, public, scientific and other organizations, when providing services for the implementation of infrastructure projects of the Program, within their competence, will take measures to provide discounts and benefits for transport, scientific and other activities carried out by organizations in order to minimize the costs of creating transport infrastructure of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.
Information about the indicators of the Program is given in Appendix No. 1.
The list of main activities of the Program is given in Appendix No. 2.
Information on the main legal regulation measures in the implementation of the Program is given in Appendix No. 3.
Resource support for the implementation of the Program through budgetary allocations from the federal budget is given in Appendix No. 4.
Activities of state programs of the Russian Federation that have an impact on achieving the goals and solving the objectives of the Program are given in Appendix No. 5.
A new program for the development of the Arctic zone has been approved
The Russian government has approved a state program for the development of the Arctic until 2025. More than 190 billion rubles will be allocated for its implementation.
“Until 2025, federal budget allocations for the implementation of the state program “Socio-economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation” in 2018-2025 will amount to more than 190 billion rubles,” said the center for supporting the activities of the state commission for the development of the Arctic.
The program will be implemented in three stages. The first of them - preparatory - ends this year. At this stage, as the center clarified, “various activities were carried out to ensure coordination of the work of federal and regional executive authorities on the development of the Arctic, identifying the Arctic zone as an independent object of state statistical observation, as well as developing approaches and preparing concepts for the formation and functioning of reference development zones".
“The program for the socio-economic development of the Arctic zone for the period until 2020 has been in effect since 2015. This is the main mechanism by which we are developing the north, but the document is rather analytical in nature and represents a set of activities from sectoral government programs, which is why we organized work to prepare a new edition of the state program,” explained Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev.
The second stage of the updated state program will last from 2018 to 2020. It provides for the implementation of a number of pilot projects for development support zones, as well as the launch of a comprehensive system of information support for the activities of the Russian Federation in the Arctic and the creation of a unified secure information and telecommunications system for the transport complex.
Also, during this period, Russian specialists will have to develop and install radio-electronic equipment for the interregional Arctic system for collecting, processing and disseminating information throughout the Arctic region, modernize the non-stationary system for protecting this territory and the waters of local seaports and the hydrometeorological observation network, and also close the issue with technical support for environmental marine supervision.
"The third stage, from 2021 to 2025, provides for the creation and maintenance of the functioning of all support zones for development; the creation of a zonal Arctic system for monitoring and forecasting emergency situations of a natural and man-made nature; as well as the creation of an advanced scientific and technical basis and technologies (including for the development shelf of the Arctic seas),” the center reported.
The state program for the development of the Arctic will be based on three subprograms: “Formation of support zones for development and ensuring their functioning, creating conditions for accelerated socio-economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation”, “Development of the Northern Sea Route and ensuring navigation in the Arctic” and “Creation of equipment and oil and gas and industrial engineering technologies necessary for the development of mineral resources of the Arctic economic zone."
“In total, 22 events are planned within the framework of the subprograms. Also, within the framework of the state program, a number of events will be implemented through the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation,” the state commission on Arctic development said in a statement.
According to the center’s specialists, the first stage of the state program does not provide for funding, but more than 46 billion rubles will be allocated for the implementation of the second stage (of which 12 billion from civil departments), for the third stage - more than 144 billion rubles (of which 58 billion from civil departments).
It is noted that the draft state program was prepared in pursuance of instructions from Russian President Vladimir Putin, the Government of the Russian Federation and decisions of the State Commission on Arctic Development.
“Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Dmitry Rogozin noted that all parameters of the state program have already been agreed upon with all interested departments and organizations. Work is also underway to attract private capital. The state program does not contradict the provisions of the treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union, as well as the provisions of other international treaties of the Russian Federation,” – emphasized in the center.
As reported, in February 2017, the Ministry of Economic Development submitted to the Russian government an updated state program for the development of the Arctic until 2025 in the amount of 210 billion rubles, having then agreed upon it with all relevant departments, except the Ministry of Finance.
On April 14, Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev held a meeting on the development of the Arctic, at which the draft of the updated state program for the socio-economic development of the Arctic zone, prepared by the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, was discussed.
In May, Dmitry Rogozin reported that at a meeting in the Russian government, a systematic approach of all departments, including the Ministry of Defense, to the development of an updated state program for the development of the Arctic zone of Russia was finally agreed upon.
“The state will invest in infrastructure and the creation of tools for the development of the Arctic, and business will do its job - under the control of the state and while protecting environmental standards,” Rogozin wrote then on his page on the social network Facebook.
So, for example, it was decided to leave the construction of the nuclear icebreaker "Leader" to investors; previously it was supposed to be created at the expense of the budget.
“We are working on the issue of attracting investments from the large Yamal project to the program for creating the nuclear icebreaker Leader. It will be created at the turn of 2024-2025 and will open up the all-season passage of the Northern Sea Route from Sabetta to the right towards Southeast Asia,” Rogozin said.
According to the President of the United Shipbuilding Corporation (USC) JSC Alexey Rakhmanov, the approximate cost of building the nuclear icebreaker Leader will be 80-90 billion rubles, investors in this project may be PJSC Sovcomflot and FSUE Atomflot. It is expected that the technical design of the vessel will be developed by the end of the year.
“By the end of this year, the technical project will be completed and its ice tests will be carried out. But if we are really going to move, seriously move into the liquefied gas market, we still need to build two or three Leader icebreakers around 2029-2030,” he said At the end of August, at the international meeting of the Arctic Council, General Director of FSUE Atomflot Vyacheslav Ruksha.
He also noted that the commissioning dates for another icebreaker, the Arktika, have also been pushed back.
“We will put into operation the icebreaker [Arktika] in accordance with the updated deadlines in May 2019, according to the government decree, the second icebreaker in November 2020 and the third in November 2021,” he said.
| Articles on the topic | ||||
| 07.08.2019 | 292 billion rubles will be invested in the study of the subsoil of the Arctic until 2045 (Rossiyskaya Gazeta) |
| 31.07.2019 | A company from China will conduct commercial container ships along the Northern Sea Route (Rossiyskaya Gazeta) |
| 26.07.2019 | Rosatom presented a development plan for the Northern Sea Route until 2035 (REGNUM) |
| 04.07.2019 | In the Arctic they will seriously focus on improving the quality of life (Lenta.Ru) |
| 28.06.2019 | Four expeditions examine sunken nuclear facilities in the Arctic (Rossiyskaya Gazeta) |
| 24.04.2019 | Clear tariffs for cargo transportation can improve the rating of the Northern Sea Route (Rossiyskaya Gazeta) |
| 28.03.2019 | Investments in Russian projects in the Arctic will exceed $86 billion (TASS) |
| 06.03.2019 | The Russian Arctic can become a priority development area (Rossiyskaya Gazeta) |
| 18.02.2019 | For the first time, garbage began to be removed from the village of Teriberka (TASS) |
| 26.01.2019 | A trillion will be spent on the development of the Northern Sea Route (Lenta.Ru) |
| 12.12.2018 | The development of the legislative framework for the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is late (Rossiyskaya Gazeta) |
| 31.10.2018 | Transportation along the Northern Sea Route has quadrupled in five years (Rossiyskaya Gazeta) |
| 17.10.2018 | The Arctic needs special urban planning technologies (Rossiyskaya Gazeta) |
| 06.07.2018 | The law on support zones in the Arctic has been postponed until the end of the year (REGNUM) |
| 19.06.2018 | The legal status of the Russian Arctic remains unclear (Rossiyskaya Gazeta) |
| 05.12.2017 | The Arctic authorities propose to finalize the law on the development of the Arctic zone (Interfax) |
| 17.11.2017 | Investments and quality services will help keep people in the Arctic (TASS) |
| 16.11.2017 | Arctic development may remain just a beautiful slogan (REGNUM) |
September 3, 2019, Technological development. Innovation On the signing of an Agreement of Intent between the Government of Russia and the Management Company of the Russian Direct Investment Fund in order to develop the high-tech field of Artificial Intelligence in Russia Order No. 1964-r dated September 3, 2019. The signing of the Agreement is aimed at attracting mutually beneficial cooperation between industrial, scientific, educational and other organizations, the pooling of efforts of which is necessary to achieve the target indicators of technological development in Russia.
September 3, 2019, Automotive and special equipment On updating the fleet of emergency medical vehicles and school buses in the constituent entities of the Federation Order No. 1963-r dated September 3, 2019. It is planned to additionally supply more than 1.55 thousand emergency medical vehicles and more than 2.45 thousand school buses to the constituent entities of the Federation.
September 3, 2019, Law Enforcement Monitoring Law enforcement monitoring plan for 2020 approved Order No. 1951-r dated August 31, 2019. Law enforcement monitoring involves the collection, compilation, analysis and assessment of information for the adoption, amendment or invalidation of regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, regulatory legal acts of constituent entities of the Federation and municipal legal acts.
31 August 2019, Inland water transport and maritime activities A new edition of the Strategy for the Development of Maritime Activities of the Russian Federation until 2030 has been approved Order No. 1930-r dated August 30, 2019. In the new edition of the Strategy, taking into account the current political and socio-economic situation in the country and the world, the priorities, goals and objectives of Russia’s maritime activities for the long term are determined, the forecast values of the target indicators of the second stage of the Strategy are clarified and the forecast values of the target indicators of its third stage are determined (in the previous there were no editions of target indicators - only promising development paths).
August 31, 2019, Literature and book publishing. Libraries The development plan for the federal state information system “National Electronic Library” has been approved Order of August 28, 2019 No. 1904-r. The plan, in particular, provides for legal regulation of the work of the New Library, improvement of the information technologies used in it, selection and encyclopedic systematization of knowledge from book, archival, museum and university collections, ensuring the inclusion in the New Library of electronic copies of 100% of Russian publications as legal deposit.
August 30, 2019 An organizing committee has been formed for the preparation and holding of the Second Caspian Economic Forum in Astrakhan in 2021 Order No. 1929-r dated August 30, 2019
August 29, 2019, State program “Development of Culture” for 2013–2020 On budgetary allocations for the reconstruction of cultural objects in the constituent entities of the Federation Order No. 1924-r dated August 29, 2019. The targeted (object-by-object) distribution of subsidies provided in 2019–2021 to the budgets of the republics of Buryatia, North Ossetia-Alania, Khakassia, Tyva, the Udmurt Republic, the Trans-Baikal Territory, the Astrakhan, Murmansk, Omsk and Pskov regions for co-financing capital investments in the reconstruction of cultural objects has been approved.
August 29, 2019, Railway transport The authorized capital of JSC Russian Railways has been increased Order No. 1872-r dated August 27, 2019, resolution No. 1094 dated August 27, 2019. The authorized capital of JSC Russian Railways was increased by 44.07 billion rubles in order to increase the level of economic connectivity of the territory of Russia and the comprehensive development of the Mezhdurechensk - Taishet section of the Krasnoyarsk railway. Corresponding funds are provided in the federal budget.
August 29, 2019 The Regulations on the Supervisory Board of the State Development Corporation "VEB.RF" were approved Resolution of August 29, 2019 No. 1117
August 29, 2019, Fisheries, aquaculture, fish processing The procedure for holding auctions for the sale of the right to conclude an agreement on the provision of quotas for crab production for investment purposes has been determined Orders of August 28, 2019 No. 1917-r and No. 1918-r, resolutions of August 28, 2019 No. 1112 and No. 1113. Lists of crab species in certain areas of their production (catch) and construction projects have been established, the number and size of auction items, requirements for projects for the construction of fishing vessels, as well as rules for conducting auctions and a sample form, procedure for preparing and concluding an agreement on fixing shares of crab production quotas for investment purposes. This will ensure a transparent competitive environment in the most profitable and investment-intensive production segment for business. In addition, additional federal budget revenues will be provided, and a new, modern crab fishing fleet will be built.
August 28, 2019, Sanitary and epidemiological safety The implementation plan for the Fundamentals of State Policy in the field of ensuring chemical and biological safety has been approved Order of August 28, 2019 No. 1906-r. The plan provides for the improvement of legal regulation in the field of ensuring chemical and biological safety, the development of a state program “Ensuring chemical and biological safety of the Russian Federation”.
August 27, 2019, Space industry The procedure for creating and maintaining a federal fund of data for remote sensing of the Earth from space has been established Resolutions of August 24, 2019 No. 1086, No. 1087, No. 1088. In order to increase the efficiency and expand the possibilities of using data from remote sensing of the Earth from space, a federal fund of data from remote sensing of the Earth from space is being created. The signed resolutions regulate the creation and maintenance of the federal fund, determine the timing of the transfer of data and metadata to the federal fund, their composition and methods of transfer.
August 27, 2019, Environmental safety. Waste management A temporary restriction has been introduced on the import of ozone-depleting substances into Russia in 2019 Resolution of August 24, 2019 No. 1089. The purpose of the introduced restrictions is to ensure the protection of the ozone layer of the atmosphere and the fulfillment of Russia’s obligations under the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer and the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.
August 23, 2019, State policy in the field of scientific research and development Indicators for the implementation of the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development have been established, the dynamics of which are subject to monitoring Order of August 15, 2019 No. 1824-r. 11 indicators have been identified that reflect the progress of implementation of the Strategy in the following areas: the influence of science and technology on the socio-economic development of Russia, including due to the transition to the model of great challenges; the state and performance of the field of science, technology and innovation; quality of state regulation and service provision of scientific, scientific, technical and innovative activities.
August 23, 2019, Social innovation. Non-profit organizations. Volunteering and volunteering. Charity Rules for the functioning of a unified information system in the field of volunteer development were approved Resolution of August 17, 2019 No. 1067. The decisions made are aimed at providing information and analytical support for volunteer activities and will allow the formation of a single platform for interaction between institutions of volunteer activity.
August 22, 2019, General issues of the agro-industrial complex A new edition of the list of products has been approved to provide state support to organizations engaged in primary and industrial processing of agricultural products Order No. 1856-r dated August 21, 2019. The decisions taken will help stimulate the production of main types of agricultural products and products of the food and processing industry, and the development of exports of Russian agricultural products, raw materials and food.
August 19, 2019, Business environment. Development of competition Rules for the implementation of the action plan “Transformation of the business climate” were approved Resolution of August 10, 2019 No. 1042, order of August 10, 2019 No. 1795-r. The decisions made will make it possible to create a comprehensive system for the formation, monitoring and control of the implementation of the “Transformation of the Business Climate” action plan, establish the powers of expert groups and increase responsibility for the results of their activities, as well as involve business entities in the process of regulatory improvement of business conditions.
August 15, 2019, Plant growing The long-term strategy for the development of the Russian grain complex until 2035 has been approved Order of August 10, 2019 No. 1796-r. The goal of the Strategy is the formation of a highly efficient, scientifically and innovation-oriented, competitive and investment-attractive balanced system of production, processing, storage and sale of basic grains and leguminous crops, their processed products, guaranteeing food security in Russia, fully meeting the country’s internal needs and creating significant export potential.
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