Scarification is the germination of seeds. How to do it right

Our grandmothers, growing strawberries, or strawberries, as we used to call them, were not particularly worried about mulching. But today this agricultural practice has become fundamental in achieving High Quality berries and reduce crop losses. Some might say it's troublesome. But practice shows that labor costs in this case pay off handsomely. In this article, we invite you to get acquainted with the nine the best materials for mulching garden strawberries.

Succulents are very versatile. Despite the fact that “kids” have always been considered more fashionable, the assortment of succulents with which you can decorate modern interior, it is worth taking a closer look. After all, colors, sizes, patterns, degree of pricklyness, influence on the interior are just a few of the parameters by which you can choose them. In this article, we will talk about the five most fashionable succulents that surprisingly transform modern interiors.

Mint was used by the Egyptians as far back as 1.5 thousand years BC. It has a strong aroma due to the high content of various essential oils with high volatility. Today, mint is used in medicine, perfumery, cosmetology, winemaking, cooking, ornamental gardening, and the confectionery industry. In this article, we will look at the most interesting varieties mint, and also talk about the features of growing this plant in the open field.

People began to grow crocuses 500 years before the advent of our era. Although the presence of these flowers in the garden is fleeting, we always look forward to the return of the heralds of spring in next year. Crocuses - one of the earliest primroses, whose flowering begins as soon as the snow melts. However, the timing of flowering may vary depending on the species and varieties. This article focuses on the earliest varieties of crocuses that bloom in late March and early April.

Shchi from early young cabbage in beef broth is hearty, fragrant and easy to prepare. In this recipe, you will learn how to cook delicious beef broth and cook light cabbage soup with this broth. early cabbage it cooks quickly, so it is placed in the pan at the same time as the rest of the vegetables, unlike autumn cabbage, which takes a little longer to cook. Ready cabbage soup can be stored in the refrigerator for several days. Real cabbage soup is tastier than freshly cooked.

Blueberries - a rare promising berry culture in the gardens. Blueberries are a source of biologically active substances and vitamins, have antiscorbutic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, tonic properties. Berries contain vitamins C, E, A, flavonoids, anthocyanins, trace elements - zinc, selenium, copper, manganese, as well as plant hormones - phytoestrogens. The taste of blueberries resembles a mixture of grapes and blueberries.

Looking at the variety of varieties of tomatoes, it is difficult not to get confused - the choice is very wide today. Even experienced gardeners he is annoying sometimes! However, it is not so difficult to understand the basics of selecting varieties “for yourself”. The main thing is to understand the peculiarities of culture and start experimenting. One of the easiest tomato groups to grow are varieties and hybrids with limited growth. They have always been appreciated by those gardeners who do not have much time and energy to care for the beds.

Once very popular under the name of room nettle, and then forgotten by everyone, coleuses today are one of the brightest garden and indoor plants. They are not in vain considered stars of the first magnitude for those who are looking primarily for non-standard colors. Easy to grow, but not so undemanding as to suit everyone, coleus require constant supervision. But if you take care of them, bushes of velvety unique leaves will easily outshine any competitor.

Salmon backbone baked in Provence herbs is a "supplier" of delicious pieces of fish pulp for light salad with fresh wild garlic leaves. The mushrooms are lightly fried olive oil and then watered apple cider vinegar. Such mushrooms are tastier than ordinary pickled ones, and they are better suited for baked fish. Ramson and fresh dill coexist perfectly in one salad, emphasizing the flavor of each other. Garlic sharpness of wild garlic will saturate both the flesh of salmon and pieces of mushrooms.

Conifer tree or a shrub on the site is always great, and a lot of conifers is even better. emerald needles various shades decorates the garden at any time of the year, and phytoncides and essential oils, secreted by plants, not only flavor, but also make the air cleaner. Generally, most zoned adults coniferous plants, are considered very unpretentious trees and shrubs. But young seedlings are much more capricious and require competent care and attention.

Sakura is most often associated with Japan and its culture. Picnics in the shade flowering trees have long been an integral attribute of the meeting of spring in the Country rising sun. Financial and academic year here begins on April 1, when magnificent cherry blossoms bloom. Therefore, many significant moments in the life of the Japanese pass under the sign of their flowering. But sakura also grows well in cooler regions - certain types can be successfully grown even in Siberia.

It is very interesting for me to analyze how people's tastes and preferences for certain foods have changed over the centuries. What was once considered tasty and traded lost its value over time and, conversely, new fruit crops conquered their markets. Quince has been cultivated for more than 4 thousand years! And even in the 1st century BC. e. about 6 varieties of quince were known and even then the methods of its reproduction and cultivation were described.

Make your family happy and make themed Easter egg-shaped cottage cheese cookies! Your children will be happy to take part in the process - they will sift the flour, combine all the necessary ingredients, knead the dough and cut out intricate figures. Then they will watch with admiration how the pieces of dough turn into real Easter eggs, and then with the same enthusiasm they will eat them with milk or tea. How to make such original cookies for Easter, read in our step by step recipe!

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We have prepared a hearty, incredibly appetizing and simply elementary dish for you today. This gravy is one hundred percent universal, as it will suit every side dish: vegetables, pasta, and anything. Gravy with chicken and mushrooms will save you in moments when there is no time or you don’t want to think too much about what to cook. Grab your favorite side dish (you can make this ahead of time to keep it hot), add gravy and dinner is ready! A real lifesaver.

In amateur gardening, seeds are often used to grow plants. In most cases, scarification is used to increase their germination and proper development, so every gardener should know what it is and how to properly perform this procedure.

Seed scarification – this is a slight superficial damage to the upper hard shell. Seeds can germinate on their own at any time, scarification simply speeds up this process and makes it more predictable.

Types of scarification

There are only three ways to scarify seeds:

• mechanical;
• thermal;
• chemical.

Each method has its own technology, and which one is best used depends on the seeds. Next, we will look at each scarification method in more detail.

Why is seed scarification necessary?

For most plants, the time of seed germination is very important, often due to the weather.

Important! If the seeds sprout too late, they will not have time to get strong enough for winter and may die. In this case, seed scarification at home is simply necessary.

Which Seeds Need Scarification?

Usually a similar procedure is applied to seeds whose shell is too thick and dense. Also, scarification is needed for plant seeds, the embryos of which do not have a dormant period.

Description of the scarification process

Now let's consider how the process of scarification takes place, depending on the methods of influencing the seeds.

Mechanical

For this method in industrial production used scarifier, but in amateur gardening, not everyone knows what it is. There is no special need for this tool; improvised tools that can be found in every home are also suitable for mechanical impact on seeds.

Did you know? Mechanical scarification is mainly used for large seeds with a very hard shell, since other methods will not be effective for them. The shell is pry off with an awl or a sharp knife. Less commonly, the seeds are filed with a file or part of the shell is erased with coarse sand or gravel.

The main goal is to form a thin section in the seed to facilitate germination.

Chemical

Novice gardeners may not know what chemical scarification of flower seeds or other plants is. This method is rarely used, and it is not suitable for everyone. For it, you will need glassware or with an enamel coating.

The seeds are affected by a 3% solution of hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. Such a procedure should be carried out very carefully. Water is poured into the container, then acid is added. The seeds must be kept in the solution for no more than 12 hours, after which they must be thoroughly washed using running water.

Thermal

Heat treatment is a sequential exposure of seeds to high and low temperatures.

Important! The technology may differ slightly depending on the plant whose seeds you want to grow. For example, sweet pea, lupine, aconite are scalded with boiling water, and then placed in a container with cold water for a day.

In the case of seeds of hawthorn, cannes and honey locust, it is recommended to wrap them in cotton cloth and dip them sequentially for half a minute, first in boiling water and then in ice water.

This process is repeated several times until the seeds increase in size.

Aquilegia and primrose are usually soaked in cold water, while the container for 12 hours is first warm, and then cold. After about a week, the seeds will begin to burst, which means they are ready for planting.

Now you know what seed scarification means and how this procedure is performed. Carefully select the appropriate method for each type of seed, and each one is bound to develop into a healthy and robust plant over time.

Superficial layers of the skin. It occurs when dropped on a hard, rough surface or can be applied with a sharp instrument. In the past, S. was used to enhance local action. medicines applied to the skin; especially widely used in smallpox vaccination. For limited (scratch) or multiple () superficial layers of the skin, needles, scalpels or special tools - scarifiers were used. Subsequently, S. was supplanted by intradermal injection.

II Scarification (scarificatio; lat. scratching, incision)

the application of small notches on the surface of the tissue, for example, during skin vaccination.

1. Small medical encyclopedia. - M.: Medical Encyclopedia. 1991-96 2. First health care. - M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia. 1994 3. encyclopedic Dictionary medical terms. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. - 1982-1984.

Synonyms:

See what "Scarification" is in other dictionaries:

- (lat.). 1) scratching, eruption of the skin in humans and animals. 2) plowing the field. Vocabulary foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. SCARIFICATION Making notches on the skin. Explanation of 25,000 foreign words included in ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

Violation, damage, scratching Dictionary of Russian synonyms. scarification n., number of synonyms: 8 cutting (10) ... Synonym dictionary

- (from Latin scarifico I scratch) 1) surface damage to the hard shells of seeds of clover, sweet clover, lupine, etc. (rubbing with sand, metal filings, in scarifiers) to accelerate their germination. 2) In medicine, organic ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

SCARIFICATION, scarification, pl. no, female (S. x., honey.). Cutting, cutting with a scarifier. Dictionary Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

Small linear bloodless damage to the stratum corneum of the epidermis by a grafting needle (scarifier) ​​or other. cutting tool. Used for skin vaccination, e.g., smallpox detritus and skin test with allergens. (Source: Dictionary… … Dictionary of microbiology

Scarification- damage to the hard shells of seeds. Small batches of hard seeds are scarified by hand: in large seeds, the covers are cut or filed, and small seeds are ground with emery or sand. Large batches of seeds are processed on special ... ... Official terminology

SCARIFICATION- (from lat. scarifico I scratch), scarring, the custom of applying scars to the skin of the face and body, into which inflammatory compounds are rubbed. It prevails among the peoples of the equatorial zone; in peoples with fair skin, it corresponds to a tattoo ... Ethnographic dictionary

scarification- (from lat. scarifico - scratch), scarring, the custom of applying to the skin of the face and body a pattern of scars into which inflammatory compounds are rubbed. It prevails among the peoples of the equatorial zone; in peoples with fair skin, it corresponds to a tattoo ... Encyclopedia "Peoples and Religions of the World"

- (from Latin scarificare to incise, scratch): Seed scarification is a violation of the integrity of the seed coat in order to facilitate their germination and increase the percentage of germination. Scarification in medicine, incisions on the surface of the skin (for example, ... ... Wikipedia

- (from lat. scarifico I scratch), 1) surface damage to the hard shells of seeds of clover, sweet clover, lupine, etc. (grinding with sand, metal filings, in scarifying machines) to accelerate their germination. 2) In medicine, limited ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

SCARIFICATION- (scarification) the application of shallow cuts or scratches on the surface of the skin to ensure the passage of a substance through it. Scarification is usually performed at the time of smallpox vaccination; The vaccine is applied to the surface... Explanatory Dictionary of Medicine

Books

• A History of Tattoo Culture Piercing Scarification Branding and Implantation Status of Truth Set of 2 books Suyundik Sh. Rush J. Book 1 . History of the culture of tattoos, piercings, scarification, branding and implantation. . Already 1.5 million years ago, people from various tribes and settlements of the world were looking for a metaphysical ...

Want to speed up the seed germination process? Then try to spend seed scarification at home. This process enables the seeds to germinate much faster than in natural conditions, and also discard empty and weak seeds.
It is possible to carry out scarification under chemical, thermal and mechanical influence on seeds. In this article, you will learn how to correctly damage the upper seed coat of various plants.

What seeds need scarification

Seeds with a dense shell, for example, plums, peaches, wild roses, blackthorns, bird cherry, viburnum, pistachios, dogwood, require scarification for faster germination.

For large seeds, a mechanical version of the impact is suitable. In this case, the shell is carefully tucked or cut with a narrow knife or awl. You can also make a file with a file or wipe the area near the seeds with gravel or coarse sand. As a result, a thinned area should form, but not a hole.

For lychnis, cannes and gypsophila, the shell can simply be broken. This will allow moisture and oxygen to get inside and speed up the growth process in plants. Many varieties of legumes, castor beans and pelargonium are processed with sandpaper until the layer is reduced.

Scarifying with sandpaper. Scheme

Hawthorn, honey locust and cannes seeds are placed in cotton cloth and dipped in boiling water, then removed and dipped in ice water. The procedure should not take more than half a minute each. And the process of boiling water - ice is repeated until the seeds increase in size.

Scarification at home

Primrose and aquilegia germinate well after soaking their seeds in cold water. Twelve hours the container is warm and the same in the cold. This process lasts a week until the seeds burst and begin to hatch.

Chemical scarification of seeds

For a chemical effect on the seeds, a 3% solution of sulfuric or hydrochloric acid is taken.
Scarification with sulfuric or hydrochloric acid is rarely carried out and with special care. Dishes are taken with an enamel coating or glass. Water is poured, and acid is introduced into it. The seeds are in this solution for a maximum of twelve hours, and then washed with running water.

Mechanical scarification

Chemical scarification

It is also possible to produce seed impaction, that is, place the seeds in a jar with river sand and shake.

Seed impaction

All possible effects on seeds help plants wake up faster and activate their germination. Scarification is a harmless process used by many professional gardeners. Well-prepared seeds are the key to a rich harvest.

We received a question from Olga: “What is seed scarification? How is it different from stratification?

We answer

Soon summer residents will begin to prepare seeds for planting seedlings, so we are in a hurry to answer the question posed.

What is scarification

Scarification is the process of breaking the integrity of the seed coat. It is needed in order for the plant to germinate. In nature, without human intervention, the presented process proceeds with the participation of pebbles, sand, wind, water. It can also occur in the stomach of an animal. At home, artificial scarification is used.

There are three types of it:

• chemical. Occurs when using strong acids. It is not recommended to use this method - it is unsafe;
• mechanical. Small seeds are placed in a bag of sand. There they need to be shaken well. Large seeds can be processed with sandpaper or file with a file;
• thermal. Seeds are placed in a gauze bundle. Then they are alternately lowered either into cold or into hot water. The procedure is repeated until the seed coat cracks. Those seeds where cracks have already formed are set aside. The rest will have to be subjected to the heat treatment process again.

Important!

On an industrial scale, mechanical scarification is carried out using special mechanisms - scarifiers. After the procedure, since the strength of the shell becomes smaller, they rise much faster and easier. Sometimes already pre-scarified seeds are found on sale.

Preparing seeds for sowing (video)

What is the difference between stratification and scarification

Stratification and scarification - different concepts.

Stratification is the creation of special conditions under which seeds are brought out of dormancy. Most often, low temperatures are used for this, which provoke seed germination. The measure is forced, since the seeds of many plants overwinter. You can artificially create conditions for germination as follows - collected in the fall planting material placed in the refrigerator and kept there for a while.

The essence of scarification is completely different. This is shell damage. The procedure is carried out only for seeds that have a dense shell. Stratification is a kind of preparation of seeds for sowing.

Seeds are properly treated with chemicals, decontaminated and then aged under low temperatures- so that they "think" that they sleep in winter.

Despite the fact that the concepts are consonant, the principle of operation is completely different.