How smoking affects women's health. The effects of smoking on women's health

Sunburn looks like this: the skin turns red with intensity corresponding to the severity. May be accompanied by swelling of the affected area, also of varying severity. The skin becomes dry and hot to the touch. The head begins to hurt, the victim is shivering. The damaged area of the skin may become numb, feel a burning sensation and tingling. The worse the burn, the more pronounced the symptoms. Blisters are added, often they hide under the upper layers of the skin and appear only after they are exfoliated. If the blisters are large, with liquid contents, this is already dangerous. If such a blister is damaged, a large open wound will remain in its place, defenseless for infections.

Children's skin is much more sensitive to the sun. Therefore, sunburn in them is often accompanied by heat stroke.

Get out of the sun at the first sign of sunburn, or even if you suspect it. This precaution will save you from more serious consequences. If for some reason you find a burn too late, you should contact an ambulance. Severe symptoms, including weakness and nausea, indicate that the nervous system is affected. Only a specialist can provide adequate assistance. If you are only concerned about redness and burning of the skin, you can figure it out on your own. The first step is to cool and moisturize the skin, which has lost a lot of moisture.

If you get a severe sunburn, be sure to wait for it to heal completely before going out into the sun again.

Apply a wet cloth to the affected area, hold for half an hour. If the pain is too excruciating, take a pain reliever. Intensively drink plain water, because the body loses fluid through the damaged area of \u200b\u200bthe skin. It is best to drink mineral water, at least a liter per day. After the first self-help, it is necessary to begin procedures to restore the skin. They can include both medication and alternative treatment. When the skin has cooled a little, it is necessary to immediately moisturize it.

To moisturize, use a special cream, but not too greasy. Well, if it is with aloe, chamomile or calendula. Some products are also suitable: kefir, sour cream, egg white. The burnt area must be moistened all the time, in no case should it be washed with soap and other drying hygiene products. In addition to moisturizing and softening, a variety of masks will help. Potato mask: rub or chop a potato tuber in a blender, apply the gruel to the burn site. Leave for 20 min. By the same principle, a mask is made from the leaves of white cabbage.

Carrot mask: you need to mix carrot gruel with egg white. It is best to make such a mask for burnt skin. You can also lubricate the affected areas with cucumber juice. Such natural masks must be done at least 2 times a day for a noticeable effect. With sunburn, it is important to ensure that you get enough vitamins E and C from food. To do this, eat more vegetables and fruits, as well as nuts.

Sunburns are caused by exposure to the invisible and most dangerous of the sun's ultraviolet rays.

Such burns are of varying degrees - from slight redness and slight swelling to the formation of multiple and extensive blisters filled with yellowish transparent contents, and subsequent "peeling" of the skin (its upper layer - the epidermis). With minor burns, there may be a feeling that the skin is “tightening”, dryness and itching are felt in the affected area, pain when touched, chills. With severe sunburn, the pain is great, and the general condition suffers. Usually these symptoms appear on those parts of the body that are not protected by clothing.

At the initial stage of a sunburn, the skin begins to redden 2-6 hours after exposure to the sun, irritation appears. The peak of manifestation of symptoms of burning comes in 12-24 hours.

What it is?

Strong ultraviolet radiation can damage the surface of the skin and eyes. The degree of damage can be from mild to severe and lead to serious consequences.

Areas of the body most susceptible to burns:

forearm;
face;
back at the top;
chest area;
shoulder;
leg.

The risk of injury depends on a large number of factors. Someone does not burn at all, but someone has to be wary of hot days. What is the reason?

Symptoms and severity depend on:

places - the body and face have skin of different structure and susceptibility;
type;
individual sensitivity to ultraviolet;
skin color (swarty people tolerate the sun more easily);
course treatment with drugs of a certain group;
the presence of dermatological diseases and problems (moles, acne, etc.);
prevention with protective creams, milk and other means.

People spend a lot of time under the sun throughout their lives, which allows them to study their reaction to it.

Damage symptoms:

swelling;
redness;
loss of moisture;
prone to injury;
pain, itching;
increased sensitivity.

After 4-7 days, everything will pass, but peeling will appear.

Severity

The severity of a sunburn is determined by the depth and severity of damage to the surface layers of the skin. The deeper and stronger it is damaged, the more serious the skin burn. Also, do not forget that the severity of symptoms always depends on the area of the burn.

The first measures that save the skin and the body should be immediately started with any degree of burn, especially since the degree of skin damage cannot be initially determined.

Degree of sunburn	Symptoms
First	Redness of the skin and a feeling of discomfort in the burned areas. It usually does not pose a threat and does not require medical treatment. -
Second	The same symptoms, accompanied by the formation of miliary papules and wheals. Very often, with such a burn, the temperature rises, chills and dehydration appear. Requires medical attention and treatment with ointments.
Third and fourth	Grades 3 and 4 are rare, as this severity of damage is more characteristic of thermal or chemical damage. Indeed, it is difficult to imagine a person who is under the scorching sun for more than 10 hours of his own free will. A 4th degree burn involves severe skin damage, accompanied by severe dehydration, depression of the heart and kidneys, and can lead to death.

Depending on the extent and size of the skin lesion, the condition can be mildly painful or extremely severe. The risk of sunburn is higher if you have blond hair and skin. Keep in mind that members of the same family vary greatly in their degree of tolerance to the sun's rays. If your brother or sister quickly tans without getting burned, this does not mean at all that you can do the same.

Why is sunburn dangerous?

Mild sunburns pass without serious consequences, severe sunburns lead to the formation of long-term non-healing skin defects: erosions and ulcers. But even recurring mild sunburns are unsafe for humans and can lead to skin lesions (sunburns, photodermatosis, malignant neoplasms) of varying severity.

Exposure to direct sunlight stimulates the appearance of various benign pigmented neoplasms on the skin, primarily nevi and lentigo (birthmarks).

Nevi are present in almost every person. They can be located on different parts of the body and appear at different periods of life. Their presence requires regular monitoring by a dermatologist, since over time they can transform into malignant skin tumors (melanoma), especially if a person’s lifestyle and profession are associated with prolonged exposure to direct sunlight, exposure to ionizing radiation and chemicals, being carcinogens. Lentigo often appear at a more mature age.

Photodermatosis - skin diseases that occur under the influence of the sun. These include solar urticaria, phototoxic reactions, polymorphic solar dermatitis, benign summer solar dermatitis, lupus erythematosus and other diseases.

In addition to all of the above, sunburn received at an early age increases the risk of developing skin cancer in the future. In addition, repeated excessive ultraviolet exposure can lead to dryness and premature aging of the skin, increases the risk of cataracts and macular degeneration - one of the main causes of blindness.

How long does it usually take?

The rate of recovery of the skin from the sunburn received, mainly depends on its severity. In the first degree of severity, sunburn usually resolves in 2 to 3 days. With a moderate (medium) degree, the skin can recover in 3 to 7 days. The longest recovery time can be observed with a severe degree. Severe sunburn, on average, resolves in 7 to 12 days without scarring the skin.

The following factors can affect the recovery time of the skin from a sunburn:

severity of sunburn;
the timeliness of the use of drugs;
the correct use of medications;
the area of the skin lesion;
the presence of additional skin diseases;
the level of immunity;
the presence of purulent complications;
patient's age;
localization of sunburn on the body.

The rate of healing of the skin from sunburn also depends on many other additional factors (for example, the age of the patient, the area of damage, the location of the sunburn on the body, etc.).

What to do?

Even being in the sun, you can feel the first signs of discomfort - the skin begins to “burn” slightly, and the burn area becomes pink. Don't be fooled by the fact that it's a "tan." If you continue to sunbathe or be in the sun for another reason, then serious troubles cannot be avoided.

When the first symptoms of a sunburn appear, you must:

Take cover immediately in the shade. If the skin has already suffered, then even in clothes (when working in the country), the open sun will be a source of increased pain;
Since the top layer of the skin has lost a lot of moisture, the most correct action is moisturizing. It could be a wet towel or a cool shower. If it is possible to take a bath, then it is advisable to add baking soda or starch to it;
The temperature of the water when moistening should be close to body t, a sharp drop can cause additional damage to the skin;
Moisturizing can be carried out as often as possible, and in between lubricate the burnt areas with aloe juice.

Sunburn can be a source of severe skin damage, in which case you should not self-medicate, but immediately seek qualified medical help.

First aid

First aid for sunburn should be provided immediately, because in the first minutes after direct and / or prolonged exposure to sunlight, the degree of damage cannot be determined. What is the concept of first aid for sunburn:

1) It is necessary to immediately hide from the sun's rays. The best option would be a cool room, but in extreme cases, the shade of a tree or a canopy on the street will do.

2) Assess your own condition and do it adequately. If you feel a slight dizziness, nausea, chills and headache, then it is advisable to call an ambulance team - most likely, a serious sunburn has been received and it is complicated by heat stroke.

3) In the case of a normal general condition, you need to help the body and the skin to cope:

take a cool shower (not cold!);
in case of a local burn, you can draw cool water into a basin and lower the damaged part of the body there (this method is especially convenient for burns of the limbs);
be sure to drink a lot - this will prevent the development of dehydration, but keep in mind that the water should not be ice cold;
if there is an intense pain syndrome, then the use of an anesthetic drug is allowed - it can be, for example, ibuprofen, analgin or baralgin.

All other actions are classified as therapeutic. But even if the above measures brought relief and the condition returned to normal / stabilized, you should not go outside in direct sunlight the next day. The fact is that the skin is under stress, they need to recover.

What can not del when burned in the sun?

If you do not know the contraindications for the condition under consideration, then an independent solution to the problem can lead to the fact that only qualified doctors can alleviate the patient's condition.

What not to do with sunburn:

Wipe the burnt skin with ice cubes. This brings instant relief, but the consequences can be really terrible - the death of the damaged epithelium will begin, which leads to inflammatory processes and a long period of rehabilitation. By the way, it is likely that even after treatment, cosmetic defects will be present on the skin.
You can not wash damaged areas of the skin with alkaline soap, use a scrub - such an effect on thinned skin leads to the development of inflammatory processes.
In no case should sunburns be wiped with alcohol and any alcohol-containing products - this causes severe dehydration, and the body already suffers from dehydration.
If a sunburn occurs in an acute form, then it should not be treated with medical vaseline or badger / mutton / pork fat. The fact is that these products will clog the pores, and the skin will not be able to breathe.
Self-piercing of blisters or papules in places of sunburn is also highly discouraged - with a probability of 98%, a secondary infection will develop at the site of skin damage.
In the acute period of the condition under consideration, you should not drink tea, coffee and alcoholic beverages - they increase dehydration of the body.

How to treat sunburn at home?

If you find yourself on a sunburn, you need to take some steps to relieve pain when touching the skin, as well as prepare the skin for further treatment. So ... First aid for sunburn consists of cooling and moisturizing the damaged areas of the body, as well as taking funds designed to relieve pain.

1) Cooling

As with any burn, with a sunburn, the affected area of the skin must be cooled. For this, compresses and lotions with ordinary clean cold water are perfect. You can use aloe juice, chilled black tea with ice cubes, cucumber and tomato juices. It will also be useful to treat burns with lotions from antiseptic agents, for example: furatsilin, chlorhexidine, a weak solution of potassium permanganate. The napkin for compresses must be moistened as it warms up.

2) Moisturizing and further treatment of the skin

Cooled skin must be moisturized, otherwise, immediately after cooling, the skin will dry out and become even more inflamed. After-sun products or medical sprays against sunburn will do the job perfectly. "Grandmother's medicines" will also help - kefir, sour cream, milk, egg white. The proteins contained in these products prevent moisture loss and restore the skin.

To prevent dehydration of the skin, doctors also recommend creams based on aloe vera, chamomile, calendula extracts and vitamin E: these components help the skin absorb moisture and retain it for a long time.

For the treatment of burns, doctors recommend using aerosols for external use containing dexpanthenol, which has a healing and anti-inflammatory effect. Such a component is part of the medicinal product of European quality - "Panthenolspray" aerosol for external use. The drug has an anti-inflammatory effect, improves tissue regeneration, is quickly absorbed (absorbed) by the skin. There are no age restrictions, individual intolerance is possible, use in children should be carried out under the supervision of adults.

In case of violation of the general condition and chills, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Paracetamol, Ibuprofen) are prescribed. You can also take aspirin - a drug from the group of salicylates.

3) Pain relief

Aspirin, Paracetamol, Ibuprofen or Acetaminophen will help relieve pain, and antihistamines will reduce burning and itching. In addition, aspirin and ibuprofen prevent the formation of toxic substances that make the skin red and swollen.

An ordinary cool bath will also help reduce pain and temperature. These symptoms of burning are associated with active blood flow, caused, in turn, by severe inflammation; accordingly, cold water will narrow the blood vessels and slightly alleviate your condition. Just do not rush to get under the shower: strong jets of water are, again, microtraumas and unnecessary pain.

How to smear the skin with a sunburn: ointments, creams, sprays

There are many pharmaceutical remedies to eliminate the consequences of an unsuccessful tan. All of them have different properties, differ in composition and duration and, of course, in price.

Here are the most effective ones:

Dexpanthenol Panthenol (spray for sunburn 160 rubles, cream 200 rubles), Bepanthen (340 rubles), D-Panthenol (170-250 rubles), Dexpanthenol (90 rubles) Pantoderm (170 rubles). Panthenol Vialine after sunburn (milk price 280 rubles), it includes, in addition to panthenol, which restores damaged skin, vitamin F (linoleic and linolenic fatty acids), softening the skin, allantoin - wound-healing effect and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, which has wound healing, anti-inflammatory and protective action. Promotes the formation of a new skin layer and its regeneration. Application: 2-4 times a day on damaged skin until recovery. In the presence of infected areas, pre-treat with an antiseptic
Livian aerosol Livian - combined drug - 210 rubles. The composition includes linetol, fish oil, lavender oil, sunflower oil, a-tocopherol acetate, anestezin, cyminal, a mixture of freons. It accelerates metabolic reactions, has an antiseptic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect. Apply : Single spray on damaged skin during the day until recovery
Elovera ointment Elovera - aloe extract and vitamin E. Improves cellular metabolism, tissue trophism, activates skin regeneration and prevents the development of peroxide reactions. Contraindicated in children under 18 years of age. Aloe Barbados, included in the composition, is a biogenic stimulant that improves trophism and tissue regeneration. Vitamin E is an antioxidant, fat-soluble vitamin. Application : 2-4 times a day in a thin layer on the affected areas until recovery
Carotolin solution, extract (betacarotene) Carotolin regulates cellular metabolism and neutralizes the damaging effect of free radicals. Betacarotene protects cells from damage, has antioxidant properties, protects the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet rays. Application: 1-2 times a day on sterile wipes, and then applied to damaged skin until recovery
Vinylin balm (polyvinyl butyl ether) Vinylin (price 50 gr 200 rubles, 100 gr 300 rubles). It has anti-inflammatory and bacteriostatic effect, accelerates the regeneration and epithelialization of wounds. It is used as an antiseptic - a disinfectant. Apply : 2-4 times a day in a thin layer directly on the affected areas or on sterile wipes until recovery
Zinc Ointment (Zinc Oxide), Desitin, Calamine Lotion Desitin (200-230 rubles), Calamine (780 rubles), zinc paste 40 rubles, ointment 30 rubles. It prevents infection of damaged skin, has a drying, slightly astringent effect, therefore it is used as a protective and anti-inflammatory agent for minor burns. Used : 2-3 times a day on damaged skin until healing
Sea buckthorn oil Sea buckthorn oil Altayvitamina (100 ml 250-350 rubles), Cosmetic sea buckthorn oil 40 rubles. It has an antibacterial effect, activates reparative processes and promotes healing. It has a tonic effect, cytoprotective, antioxidant. Apply : 2-4 times a day on sterile wipes until recovery
Olazol aerosol (combined preparation) Olazol (price 170-200 rubles) The composition includes: boric acid, benzocaine, chloramphenicol, sea buckthorn oil. It has a bacteriostatic effect, stimulates regeneration and promotes skin healing. Apply: before use, the burn spray should be shaken well, sprayed 1-4 times a day on damaged skin until recovery
Solcoseryl gel and ointment (biological preparation) Solcoseryl (160-200 rubles). Composition - deproteinized dialysate from the blood of dairy calves. Stimulates collagen formation, accelerates the growth of granulation tissue. Gel: 2-3 times a day on cleansed skin until tissue granulation; Ointment: 1-2 times a day for healing burns until complete healing
Psilo Balm (diphenhydramine) Psilo-balm (160-200 rubles), Reduces hyperemia, pain and itching, reduces swelling, reduces increased capillary permeability, has a local anesthetic effect, has a pleasant cooling effect. The gel base leaves no residue and protects the skin. Apply gel: 3-4 times a day on the affected surface until the skin heals. It helps if the skin itches after sun exposure.
Actovegin ointment (biological preparation) Actovegin ointment 90-120 rubles, cream 110-140 rubles, gel 150-180 rubles). Stimulates skin regeneration and improves local blood circulation. At the beginning of use, slight pain may be felt, which then disappears. Apply : Twice a day for healing burns, duration of use 10-12 days
Flucinolone - glucocorticosteroids (hormonal ointment) Sinaflan (price 40 rubles) Flucinar gel and ointment 200 rubles. Reduces inflammatory and allergic reactions, has antipruritic effect. Since this is a hormonal drug, its use is possible only as directed by a doctor, in a short course, with the gradual withdrawal of the drug. It is used: 2-4 times a day on disinfected skin areas or on dressings for no more than 5 days.
Floceta gel Floceta (gel price 150-200 rubles, spray 250-300 rubles), as part of calendula, chamomile extract, aluminum acetotartrate. Eliminates itching and redness of the skin, has a bactericidal and wound-healing effect, cools the skin. Apply : 2-3 times a day
eplan Eplan (price 150 rubles). The drug has a regenerating, softening, wound healing, antibacterial, analgesic, protective effect. Accelerates the healing of wounds, thermal burns, is made on the basis of polyhydroxy compounds and lanthanum salts. Application: lubricate the affected area of the burn as it is absorbed and dried several times a day.
Radevit Radevit (price 320 rubles) Ingredients: ergocalciferol, retinol palmitate, α-tocopherol acetate. Improves the protective function of the skin, has an antipruritic, reparative, softening effect. Application: thin layer 2 times a day.
Fenistil Fenistil gel (250 rubles), the active substance Dimetinden, is an antihistamine, has antipruritic, antiallergic, analgesic effects. The action of the gel occurs a few minutes after application to the skin. Apply 2-4 times a day.
Sudocrem Sudocrem has a complex composition: lanolin, synthetic wax, citric acid, lavender oil, liquid paraffin, benzyl cinnamate, benzyl benzoate, zinc oxide, benzyl alcohol, linalyl acetate, propylene glycol, butylhydroxyanisole. It is used in burns as a wound healing, anesthetic, emollient.

If you choose the form of the product, then, according to doctors, sprays are the most effective - they are easier to apply and distribute, they have a more airy structure. It is also recommended to combine drugs, depending on the size and severity of the burns. For more severe burns on the back, Amprovizol spray can be applied, but Panthenol ointment is more suitable for the face.

Folk remedies for sunburn

Alternative methods of treatment have less therapeutic efficacy compared to medications. Therefore, they should not be used as the main method of treatment, but only in combination with drug therapy. Before using such methods, you should always consult with your doctor and do not make decisions on your own.

For the treatment of sunburn, you can use the following alternative methods of treatment:

Oak bark compresses. Take three tablespoons of well-dried oak bark and place in one glass of water. Then boil and filter. The resulting decoction must be applied to the burnt skin in the form of cold compresses 3-4 times a day (each time for an hour with breaks of 10 minutes). Oak bark reduces inflammatory reactions, kills harmful microbes and has an astringent effect.
Aloe juice. With a sunburn, you can use both pure aloe juice and its aqueous solution (diluted 1: 1). Aloe juice is applied to damaged skin in its pure form without the use of napkins, gauze, that is, not in the form of compresses. It is recommended to carry out this procedure 1-3 times a day. Aloe juice has anti-inflammatory and healing effects on burned skin.
Raw potato compresses. Take a few pieces of raw potatoes (together with the peel), rinse and finely grate it. Make compresses from the resulting potato porridge. These compresses can be applied to areas of the skin where a sunburn has formed for 20-40 minutes, 3-4 times a day. Raw potato compresses have anti-inflammatory and trophic (nourishing) healing effects.
Compresses from calendula. Take 1 tablespoon of dried calendula flowers and place in one glass of boiling water. Insist 1 - 2 hours, then strain. Wait for the moment when this tincture cools down and make a healing compress out of it. Calendula compresses can be applied to burnt skin for 20-30 minutes 3-4 times a day. Calendula flowers contain various anti-inflammatory and bactericidal (killing microbes) substances, which explains the reduction in swelling and redness of the skin when using it.
Plantain compresses. Take 1 - 2 tablespoons of dry plantain leaves and place in one glass of boiling water. Let the tincture infuse for 30-60 minutes. Then cool and filter it. From the tincture of plantain leaves, make compresses, which should be stirred on the burned areas of the body 2-3 times a day and left for 20-30 minutes. These compresses have anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic (constrict blood vessels) and healing effect.

You should know that in the treatment of sunburn, it is absolutely impossible to use vegetable or butter, sour cream, petroleum jelly and other products that contain a lot of fat. These fats, when spreading the above products on the skin, smoothly spreading over its surface, form a thermal insulating film on it, which prevents the removal of excess heat from the skin damaged by sunburn. This inhibits its normal healing, and also enhances discomfort at the site of injury.

Prevention

To protect the skin from sunburn, you should use special creams or lotions with a sun protection factor from UV rays type A and B, which can vary from five to fifty. As a rule, such products contain vitamin E, which reduces the sensitivity of the skin to ultraviolet radiation.

When choosing a sunscreen, you need to focus on the characteristics of your skin. Fair skin is very susceptible to the sun and burns quickly, so it requires the use of products with a high sun protection factor (SPF of at least 70). In the future, when the skin has received a persistent tan, the level of protection can be reduced to twenty (SPF 20). Those who do not experience problems in the open sun for a long time, you can use the means, the level of protection in which is from six to fifteen (SPF from 6 to 15).

The right product should be applied before you go outside, not on the beach. When applying, special attention should be paid to the protruding parts of the body (nose, chest, cheekbones, shoulders). The cream must be applied in an even thin layer, without rubbing into the skin. Even if the product indicates that it is waterproof, after swimming in a pond, it must be reapplied, since after using a towel, the layer of the protective film is sharply reduced.

Even if your product contains a high level of protection, it is still recommended to be under the open sun only in the morning and evening. In addition, we should not forget about sunglasses, they will protect the delicate and thin skin around the eyes, as well as the retina itself.

Sunburn is a condition that is familiar to almost every person, because for this it is enough to spend a little more than usual time on the beach or just get under direct sunlight and stay under them for 20-30 minutes. The sooner the treatment of the burn is started, the more likely it is to avoid its unpleasant consequences: the appearance of blisters,.

Signs of sunburn

If a person is burned in the sun, then the first signs of a burn will appear in half an hour, and over the next day all typical symptoms will develop. These include:

Redness of the skin - it can be focal or general, the skin in these places will be hot to the touch.
The skin in places affected by the sun's rays becomes, swells and becomes sore.
Blisters appear at the burn sites - they can be of different sizes, but are always accompanied by intense itching.
body - most often there are subfebrile indicators, accompanied by chills.
Occurs - depending on the degree of sunburn, this parameter may vary, in especially severe cases, dehydration leads to a state of shock.
, general weakness and signs of intoxication of the body - and may be present.

If a person has received a sunburn, then treatment should be started as soon as possible - such an aggressive effect on the body can result in serious complications.

Classification of sunburn

In medicine, there is a clear classification of the condition under consideration - there are 4 degrees of the course of the disease:

1 degree- will be characterized only by reddening of the skin and the absence of blisters;
2 degree- it is characterized by reddening of the skin, the appearance of blisters, the appearance of common symptoms of sunburn (headache, slight increase in body temperature, general weakness);
3 degree– the structure of all skin integuments is broken, 60% of the skin is damaged;
4 degree- a person has complete dehydration, heart failure develops, and death often occurs.

Very often, people begin to independently select methods for treating sunburn, and they are not always literate. Such a careless approach to one's own health or the health of loved ones can lead to serious complications.

What not to do with sunburn

What not to do with sunburn:

Wipe the burnt skin with ice cubes. This brings instant relief, but the consequences can be really terrible - the death of the damaged epithelium will begin, which leads to inflammatory processes and a long period of rehabilitation. By the way, it is likely that even after treatment, cosmetic defects will be present on the skin.
You can not wash damaged areas of the skin with alkaline soap, use a scrub - such an effect on thinned skin leads to the development of inflammatory processes.
In no case should sunburns be wiped with alcohol and any alcohol-containing products - this causes severe dehydration, and the body already suffers from dehydration.
If a sunburn occurs in an acute form, then it should not be treated with medical vaseline or badger / mutton / pork fat. The fact is that these products will clog the pores, and the skin will not be able to breathe.
Self-piercing of blisters or papules in places of sunburn is also highly discouraged - with a probability of 98%, a secondary infection will develop at the site of skin damage.
In the acute period of the condition under consideration, you should not drink, and alcoholic beverages - they increase dehydration of the body.

First aid for sunburn

It is necessary to immediately hide from the sun's rays. The best option would be a cool room, but in extreme cases, the shade of a tree or a canopy on the street will do.
Assess your own condition and do it adequately. If you feel light, nausea, chills and headache, then it is advisable to call the ambulance team - most likely, the sunburn is serious and it is complicated.
In the case of a normal general condition, you need to help the body and the skin to cope:

How to treat sunburn

It must be remembered that you can treat sunburn yourself, but only if they are 1-2 degrees. In all other cases, it is recommended to seek medical help - doctors will assess the patient's condition and select adequate therapy. As a rule, the following drugs are prescribed as part of the treatment of sunburn:

Ointments, creams and sprays

It is very important to use topical preparations for sunburn. These include:

Dexpanthenol

This is a large group of drugs that contain panthenol. These products accelerate skin regeneration, relieve inflammation, relieve the patient from itching, and have a protective and wound-healing effect.

How to apply: Dexpanthenol is applied to areas with damaged skin 2-4 times a day until the skin is completely restored. If there is an infection on the burn lesions, then before applying this drug, the focus should be treated with an antiseptic.

Aerosol Livian

The composition of this product includes fish oil, a mixture of freons, lavender oil, anesthesin, sunflower oil, linetol and tocopherol acetate. The aerosol has an anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and analgesic effect.

How to apply: during the day, you need to spray the product once directly on the lesion of the skin. Livian aerosol can be used until complete recovery.

Ointment Elovera

Based on the name of this drug, it can be understood that the composition of the ointment includes vitamin E and aloe extract. The ointment accelerates regenerative processes in the skin, improves cellular metabolism and tissue trophism.

How to apply: 2-4 times a day, the ointment should be applied to the damaged areas of the skin with a thin layer.

Note:Elovera ointment is strictly contraindicated for use in the treatment of sunburn in patients under the age of 18 years.

Solution Carotolin

This solution not only accelerates the healing process, but also reduces the manifestations of the inflammatory process, relieves redness and heat in the affected area. In addition, when used, the solution has a cooling effect - it becomes much easier and more comfortable for a person.

How to use it correctly: a solution of Carotolin is applied to a sterile gauze napkin (the napkin should be well wetted) and applied to sunburns. There is no need to apply any bandages on top. Such lotions can be done 2-3 times a day.

Zinc Ointment, Desitin and Calamine Lotion

These drugs have a drying effect, prevent the development of a secondary infection in places of sunburn. Most often, the drugs in question are used in the treatment of minor sunburn.

How to use: apply funds 2-3 times a day directly on damaged skin.

Aerosol Olazol

The aerosol perfectly relieves inflammation, accelerates healing and greatly alleviates the patient's condition.

How to use: spray over the affected areas of the skin 2-3 times a day. You can use this tool immediately after getting a sunburn, so this aerosol should be in the first aid kit.

Ointment and gel Solcoseryl

The composition of these funds is complex, the main component is deproteinized dialysate from the blood of calves. Solcoseryl (both ointment and gel) accelerates the growth of granulation tissue and promotes better collagen formation.

How to apply: Solcoseryl gel is applied to sunburn 2-3 times a day, you must first clean the wound with an antiseptic. It is the gel that is used until tissue granulation, and then Solcoseryl ointment must be applied - it is applied 1-2 times a day on wounds until complete healing.

Psilo Balm

It has an excellent analgesic effect (local), relieves itching and swelling, and has a cooling effect when applied. It is very important - this balm is instantly absorbed into the skin and does not leave marks on clothes.

How to apply: Psilo-balm is applied to the affected areas of the skin 2-3 times a day until complete recovery. The same drug helps to get rid of itching during sun exposure.

Actovegin ointment

This is a biological drug that significantly reduces the duration of treatment for sunburn. When applied to the skin, the patient may feel mild pain, which quickly passes.

How to use it correctly: burn areas are lubricated with ointment 2-3 times a day until complete recovery.

Sinaflan

This ointment belongs to the drugs of the hormonal group, so it is strictly forbidden to use it on your own to treat sunburn - you need to get a prescription from your doctor. Sinaflan is able to reduce the intensity of itching, reduce inflammation and relieve allergic reactions.

How to use: The exact dosage and duration of use of Sinaflan will be indicated by the attending physician, but this drug is always prescribed in a short course.

Floceta gel;
Eplan;
Radevit;
Fenistil gel;
Sudocrem.

Folk remedies for the treatment of sunburn

Of course, the condition in question has a long history, which is why there are a lot of folk methods that can alleviate the condition of the victim and speed up the healing of affected skin areas.

The most effective folk remedies for sunburn treatment:

Wet wipes without any perfume additives. It can be applied to burns for immediate relief.
Food from the refrigerator freezer or ice. They cannot be applied directly to burns, but it is allowed to cover the affected areas at a distance of 5 cm over healthy skin. This procedure will relieve the fever, alleviate the condition and reduce pain.
Protein . It is slightly whipped and applied to the burn, left to dry completely and repeat the procedure. Protein reduces pain and prevents overdrying of the skin.
Ryazhenka, sour cream, natural without flavorings, . These fermented milk products perfectly relieve fever, prevent dry skin, and alleviate the patient's condition. Sour-milk products are applied directly to the burnt skin, they must not be allowed to dry out - you need to remove it with a napkin in time.
Lavender oil. It is dripped onto a gauze napkin and applied to the site of the lesion of the skin. The procedure relieves pain, has an anti-inflammatory and cooling effect. It is quite possible to prepare lavender oil yourself - you need to take any vegetable oil and add a few drops of lavender essential oil to it.
Watermelon juice. They moisten a gauze napkin and apply to sunburn. You can use not juice, but the pulp of watermelon. This sweet berry will relieve pain, reduce itching and relieve fever.
Grated potato gruel (you can use carrots or pumpkin). The gruel is applied directly to the affected areas of the skin, or compresses are made from it. This procedure will reduce burning and pain, relieve inflammation.
Infusion from. For its preparation, you can use both fresh and dry leaves of the plant - they are simply poured with boiling water and infused for 20-30 minutes. Then gauze pads are moistened in the infusion and applied to the affected areas of the skin. Mint will not only cool, but also prevent infection, relieve itching and redness.
Lotions from clay. It is necessary to mix the clay with water until a homogeneous consistency. Then the resulting mixture is applied to the wound and left to dry completely. Clay prevents the development of the inflammatory process and the appearance of blisters.
Soda solution. Use for its preparation baking soda in the proportion of 1 tablespoon per glass of warm water. Then gauze wipes are moistened in the solution and applied to the burned areas of the skin. The procedure will help get rid of the feeling of tightness in the affected areas, prevent the development of the inflammatory process.

Preventive measures

Of course, the best option to protect against sunburn is to completely avoid exposure to the sun. But this is also not an option - the body must receive the necessary dose. Therefore, you can prevent the occurrence of sunburn by adhering to the following recommendations from doctors:

Be sure to use a sunscreen with UV protection.
In hot weather, you should always have a bottle of clean water with you (not a sweet drink, neither juice, nor compote!) - this will not only make you feel better in the heat, but also prevent dehydration.
Stay in the sun should be moderate - you should not be on the beach to the point of insanity to get a "chocolate" tan, if you are forced to stay in the sun for a long time - wear wide-brimmed hats.

The holiday season is approaching, which means that the most common problem will be the fight against sunburn. It is important to know the most effective methods and means to combat burns, as well as measures to prevent them.

Features of sunburn skin

Sunburn is one of the types of damage to the skin. A distinctive feature is that such an injury cannot be attributed to either thermal or radiation, so it should be considered as a separate type.

This is easily explained by the fact that sunburn is caused by two factors at once: it occurs due to exposure to ultraviolet radiation as a component of radiation, and is also associated with thermal overheating of tissues.

Getting a sunburn is an unpredictable process, a person never knows exactly at what point in time he can get it. Usually, injury occurs when excessive exposure to the scorching sun, as well as improper use of the solarium.

If we consider the activity of the sun, then it poses the greatest danger to the skin in the period from late spring to early summer, as well as from 11 am to 4 pm. It was at this time that most sunburns were received.

When planning your vacation or work activity, it is important to take into account these time periods and try to stay under the sun as little as possible or, if possible, not go out at all during this period.

Every human body is unique. This rule also applies to the skin. The risk of sunburn varies from person to person.

So some people endure exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and a long stay under the scorching rays gives them only a slight tan, while others receive real painful burns during the same period of time. Self-monitoring is an important factor in preventing sunburn.

Sunburns can be roughly divided into two categories. In the first case, they are expressed in the form of reddened areas of the skin, which by the evening become painful when touched, there is a burning sensation and tightness. Usually such burns appear on the back, shoulders or face and disappear after 3-4 days.

The second category of sunburn is characterized by redness of the skin and the appearance of blisters with a clear liquid on the affected areas. This type of burn gives a person a lot of pain, requires a mandatory visit to a doctor for procedures and prescribing medications.

In what cases should you see a doctor?

Not every sunburn requires a doctor's consultation. To correctly determine the severity of a skin lesion, it is important to understand the extent of the injury and rely on the symptoms that appear. So you need to immediately seek help from a specialist in the following cases:

You can not underestimate the danger of sunburn, because they can cause deep damage to the skin, lead to dehydration. In the absence of measures for the treatment of wounds, burns can become a site of infection.

First aid that can be provided at home for sunburn

The degree of damage to the skin and the severity of further consequences depends on the assistance that must be immediately provided to the victim.

First aid against sunburn at home:

If you suspect a sunburn, you should immediately hide in the shade. Usually this moment comes immediately after the skin began to acquire a red tint. He speaks of a first-degree burn;
Examine damaged areas carefully. If the pain is unbearable, the temperature rises, blisters form with a clear liquid, and the area of the lesion exceeds the size of the palm, then the help of a doctor is extremely necessary here as soon as possible;
To reduce the severity of pain, it is important to use only proven products, including those sold in pharmacies. Do not smear the burn with lard or fat, oil, cologne or alcohol. Self-medication can cause infection;
If burns are received in the neck and face, then it is important to seek advice and help from a specialist, as they can cause swelling of the throat;
From pain with minor burns, a cool bath or shower helps;
Affected skin is subject to regular moisturizing with special means;
Areas of the body with sunburn should not be tanned again until complete recovery. It is important to wear soft clothing made from natural fabrics, which will not only cover the affected area during rehabilitation, but also cause irritation.

The best pharmaceutical products (ointments and creams) for sunburn

Conventionally, pharmaceutical products for the treatment of sunburn can be divided into three groups: wound healing, antiseptic and combined. Consider which creams and ointments are most effective after sunburn.

The most effective and popular wound-healing drugs sold in pharmacies include:

panthenol;
methyluracil.

Available in both spray and ointment form.

Antiseptic drugs are:

oflokain (an antibacterial agent together with lidocaine);
argosulfan (based on silver, known for its disinfecting and wound healing properties);
miramistin (indicated for the treatment of burns of any degree, fights almost all types of fungi and bacteria).

Among the combined funds are:

cream Rescuer;
ointment fastin;
kremgen (a complex of hormones and an antibiotic, works well for edema).
Elovera ointment is a complex of vitamin E and aloe extract. Apply 2-4 times a day with a thin layer on the burned areas of the skin;
dexpanthenol - has a softening, wound healing, anti-inflammatory effect. Apply 2 to 4 times a day to the affected parts of the body;
zinc ointment has shown itself well for the treatment of small burns. Use 2-3 times a day until complete recovery;
ointment and gel solcoseryl - has a wound healing effect due to the stimulation of collagen production. The gel is applied 2-3 times a day, and the cream - 1-2 times;
psilo-balm in the form of a gel relieves swelling, anesthetizes, cools, reduces itching and irritation. Use until complete recovery 3-4 times a day;
actovegin - improves local blood circulation, due to which accelerated wound healing occurs. Use twice a day for 10-12 days.

They help to moisturize and create a special protective film for the affected area of the skin.

Traditional medicine to help

It is not always possible to immediately get to the pharmacy to purchase the right ointment. In this case, folk remedies for sunburn come to the rescue, which we will discuss later.

This folk recipe is perhaps best known for relieving sunburn symptoms as well as speeding up the healing process. Sour cream relieves pain and redness. The most common fresh product is suitable.

It must be applied in an even layer on the affected areas and left for a period of 30 minutes to 1 hour. During this period, the skin will become much lighter, redness will go away, and pain will decrease. If sour cream is applied immediately after injury, it will help to avoid the unpleasant process of peeling the skin.

Boiled potatoes

It is necessary to take three potatoes, wash them thoroughly in running water, boil them in their uniforms. Next, the tubers are peeled and mixed with sour cream until the most homogeneous mass is obtained. Homemade sour cream is best for this recipe.

raw potatoes

Raw potatoes are a good remedy for sunburn with blisters that have formed with a clear liquid. To do this, a gruel is prepared from several washed and peeled tubers and applied in an even layer to the affected areas. Keep potatoes on the skin for about an hour.

egg yolks

To prepare a mixture based on egg yolks, it is necessary to boil a few hard-boiled eggs (the amount depends on the affected area). Next, they take out the yolks and fry them in a pan over low heat to such an extent that they turn into a black mass, viscous and viscous.

The resulting ointment is applied to the affected areas of the skin. The effectiveness of this tool has been tested empirically by many people.

Numerous reviews in favor of this remedy indicate that egg yolks give an amazing wound healing effect. This ointment is an excellent remedy for both solar and ordinary burns.

Soda

Soda solution has an antiseptic effect, relieves itching, removes redness, reduces swelling of tissues near the affected areas. To prepare it, you need to dissolve 1 teaspoon of soda in a glass of boiled chilled water and apply it in the form of compresses (lotions) using sterile wipes or bandages.

Mint leaves are used in the form of lotions (compresses). They perfectly cool the skin, have a calming effect, reduce the risk of infections. To do this, dry or fresh leaves are poured with boiling water, allowed to brew and cool. Next, apply to the affected areas of the skin with sterile bandages or napkins.

Ice

Any cold surface can soothe burnt skin, relieve swelling and redness, and reduce pain. To do this, it is necessary to apply frozen cubes of pure water at a distance of 5-10 cm from the affected areas and hold until relief occurs.

This method is also popular in folk medicine, providing significant relief from sunburn. To do this, a gruel is prepared from a piece of fresh pumpkin, which is applied in an even layer to the affected areas of the skin, and covered with gauze on top.

A layer of fabric is necessary so that the pumpkin porridge does not dry out on oxygen. Already after the first applied compress, a person will feel significant relief, the symptoms will decrease or disappear completely, depending on the degree of damage received.

How to alleviate the patient's condition with a sunburn?

In the first days after the injury, the patient needs to create complete rest. It is necessary to avoid sunlight, drink more fluids, and lubricate the tightened, painful skin with moisturizing nourishing creams, including those with an antibacterial effect.

If the burn is accompanied by a pronounced pain symptom, fever, then let's take painkillers and antipyretics. It would also be useful to take antihistamines, which will prevent the development of edema, since the burn is a kind of allergic reaction of the skin to ultraviolet rays.

It is forbidden to tear off peeling parts of the skin or open blisters, since in this case there is a high risk of infection.

It would be useful to take vitamin preparations, which will provide significant support to the affected layer of the epidermis. It is useful to take vitamin E both internally and externally as part of wound healing creams. Vitamins D and C are also shown to increase the body's resistance and speed up the healing process.

Means prohibited for treatment

Not all traditional medicines help with burns, some of them can only aggravate the situation. Doctors say that a common recipe for lubricating a wound received from sunlight with oil will cause even more harm to health.

The oil does not allow the skin to breathe, disrupts natural heat transfer and gives additional overheating to the already damaged skin. Another contraindicated remedy is a solution of brilliant green.

"Zelenka" will not only add pain, but also add chemical damage to the thermal damage to the skin.

Absolutely forbidden

It is unacceptable to lubricate the affected areas with fat-containing agents (vaseline, badger fat). Such compositions are able to attract even more sunlight. In addition, they do not allow the skin to breathe;
You can not use scrubs and peels on the affected areas of the skin, even if you really want to renew them;
Wear tight or synthetic clothing that can cause additional mechanical damage to the affected skin.

How to avoid sunburn?

The following simple tips will help you never face the problem of sunburned skin.

Use special sunscreen cosmetics for the whole body, including the face and neck. The degree of protection is determined strictly individually, based on the type of skin;
Try to always protect your skin with a wide-brimmed hat or long sleeves;
Avoid prolonged sun exposure. Sunbathing should be short and in the hours allotted for this, when the activity of the Sun is maximally reduced;
Avoid working in areas exposed to the sun;
Don't use tanning oil;
Try to visit the solarium with artificial ultraviolet rays as little as possible.

Sunburn is a danger that awaits any vacationer. But it is easy not to meet her, you just have to pay a little more attention to your own health.

For more information on simple and affordable sunburn remedies, see the following video.

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